GBFDIBFJWayfinding within the built environment is an activity that affects everyone in a community as they 4"9#+"%)587&!50$".)5%&50$".)56;7#4+56"#$A5$#8)-5>/)5.&!!;4#%A57)$#)(5&45#48&7!"%#&452#%/#45%/)5,;#$%5)49#7&4!)4%5%&5;46)7(%"4652/)7)5%/)A5"7)5"4652/)7)5%/)A52"4%5%&5+&-
Wayfinding is of particular importance to people who are blind or vision impaired as they cannot utilise many of the visual cues available to people who are sighted to assist with their wayfinding. The quality of any wayfinding system provided within a specific environment therefore determines %/)5)"()5"465"..;7".A52#%/52/#./5"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)65."4507&.))65%/7&;+/5%/)5)49#7&4!)4%587&!5&4)50%5%&5"4&%/)7-
Wayfinding information is presented in a variety of elements and functions:
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These wayfinding elements will enable identification, orientation and navigation to a chosen 6)(%#4"%#&4-
For all people, wayfinding decisions are generally based on more than just signage. Vision plays a 6&!#4"4%57&$)5#45"50)7(&4g(5",#$#%A5%&5!&9)5%/7&;+/5"45)49#7&4!)4%_5)4",$#4+5%/)!5%&5$&."%)5"465%7"9)$5"$&4+5%/)#756)(#7)650"%/2"A52/#$(%5"9#4+5&,(%".$)(-5?50)7(&452#%/5(#+/%52#$$5;()5!;$%#0$)5sensory clues and cues to confirm that they are travelling in the correct direction to get to their ./&()456)(%#4"%#&4-
Effective wayfinding systems have the capacity to produce multiple benefits on a social and economic $)9)$5%&58".#$#%"%)5!&9)!)4%5&850)&0$)5%&5"465%/7&;+/5"5(0".)-
@ D 3 > = B C 5 L 5 @ 3 B E D 5? CJ 5 M D C D F? N;<;$ $$!)'=>This Standard specifies the minimum wayfinding design requirements to enable pedestrians, 0"7%#.;$"7$A5%/&()52/&5"7)5,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)6_5%&5)4%)7_5%&5$)"9)5"465%&54"9#+"%)52#%/#4507)!#()(5#45"5("8)5"465#46)0)46)4%5!"44)7-The requirements specified in this Standard are intended to communicate information to enable ,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)650)&0$)5%&5&7#)4%_5$&."%)5"465!&9)5%/7&;+/507)!#()(5%&5./&()456)(%#4"%#&4(-5>/#(5@%"46"7652#$$5"$(&5,)5&85;()5%&50)&0$)52#%/5&%/)75()4(&7A56#(",#$#%#)(_5.&+4#%#9)5#!0"#7!)4%_5&$6)750)&0$)5"465&%/)750)&0$)52/&5 7)e;#7)5!&,#$#%A5 "((#(%"4.)52/&5!"A5/"9)56#(",#$#%#)(52/#./5require enhanced information to communicate wayfinding information within buildings. This will )4",$)50)&0$)52#%/56#(",#$#%#)(5%&5".%5#46)0)46)4%$A52/)45;(#4+5,;#$6#4+(5"4658".#$#%#)(-5=%52#$$5"$(&5)4",$)50)&0$)52/&()5;(;"$5!)%/&65&85&0)7"%#&45#(52#%/5"45"((#(%"4%_5%&5;()5,;#$6#4+(5"4658".#$#%#)(5#45%/)5.&!0"4A5&85%/"%5"((#(%"4%-CB>D5L5 >/)5C"%#&4"$53&4(%7;.%#&453&6)5bC33c5"465%'&"0'1'23)KL--$&&)2+)!,$/'&$&4@9'1.'(#&M)N2"(.",.&)K!,$/'&$&)N2"(.",.&M5()%5&;%57)e;#7)!)4%(58&75&%/)758)"%;7)(5&85%/)5"..)((#,$)5,;#$%5)49#7&4!)4%54&%5.&9)7)65#45 %/#(5@%"46"76_5 (;./5 "(5 $#8%(_5 /)"7#4+5 ";+!)4%"%#&4_5 %".%#$)5+7&;465 (;78".)5 #46#."%&7(_5 (#+4"+)_5 +$":#4+_5$#+/%#4+_5."750"7h#4+5"465%&#$)%54;!,)7(_5"4656#(%7#,;%#&4-
CB>D5P5 >/#(5@%"46"765#(5%&5,)57)"65#45.&4<;4.%#&452#%/5@?5W\5LXL_5Wayfinding_52/#./5#4.$;6)(5"66#%#&4"$5guidance information that may assist in the development of wayfinding solutions, including potential new "465)!)7+#4+5%)./4&$&+#."$5(&$;%#&4(-
NOTE 3 This Standard does not cover lighting and the presentation of non-wayfinding information, i.e. (#+4"+)5;()65"(50"7%5&85"45)a/#,#%#&45&756#(0$"A-
;<?$ $"==&#)"8#'9>/#(5@%"46"765#(5#4%)46)658&757)8)7)4.#4+5,A5%/)5C335"465E7)!#()(5@%"46"76(58&75%/)507&9#(#&45&85"..)((58&750)&0$)52#%/56#(",#$#%#)(-5?(5"45C335"465E7)!#()(5@%"46"76(57)8)7)4.)656&.;!)4%_5#%5#(5applicable to premises as and when specified in the NCC and Premises Standards.CB>D5L5 3&!0$#"4.)52#%/5%/#(5@%"46"765!"A5"$(&5,)57)e;#7)65,A5&%/)757)+;$"%&7A5";%/&7#%#)(-
This Standard can be used by building designers, access professionals, facility managers, specifiers, 6)9)$&0)7(5"4657)+;$"%&7(->/)5 .&4(#(%)4%5 "00$#."%#&45 &85 %/)5 6)(#+45 7)e;#7)!)4%(5 .&4%"#4)65 2#%/#45 %/#(5 @%"46"76_5 2/#$)5specifically intended for people who are blind or vision impaired, will also enhance the safety, 6#+4#%A5"465#46)0)46)4.)5&85)9)7A&4)-
?@1Cj@5LTP[-T-L_5%$&'#()*+,)"--$&&)"(.)/+0'1'23)4)!",2)DE56)F$"(&)2+)"&&'&2)2?$)+,'$(2"2'+()+*)C$+C1$);'2?)G'&'+()'/C"',/$(24H"-2'1$)#,+9(.)&9,*"-$)'(.'-"2+,&=@B5LQTKQ^L_5Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles — Part 1: Determination of Mean Profile DepthC"%#&4"$5 3&4(%7;.%#&45 3&6)5 bC33c_5 %'&"0'1'23) KL--$&&) 2+) !,$/'&$&4@9'1.'(#&M) N2"(.",.&)K!,$/'&$&)N2"(.",.&M
;<C$ 5>7#9#8#'9!For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
>/)5$#4h5,)%2))45%/)5$#8%5$"46#4+5"465&%/)750"7%(5&85%/)507)!#()(-Note 1 to entry: To enable a person with disabilities to locate and independently use passenger lifts, wayfinding )$)!)4%(5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/53$";()(5Q-L5%&5Q-Q5(/&;$65,)507&9#6)6-
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Portion of a floor, balcony, or platform directly adjacent to the lift doors used to receive and discharge 0"(()4+)7(5"461&75+&&6(5&75!"%)7#"$(-
;<C<;W$ &*.24F43/$3-4,0F+,
The light reflected from one surface or component when compared to the light reflected from another (;78".)5&75.&!0&4)4%-
Truncated cones and/or bars installed on the ground or floor surface, designed to provide pedestrians 2/&5"7)5,$#465&759#(#&4^#!0"#7)652#%/52"74#4+5&756#7).%#&4"$5&7#)4%"%#&45#48&7!"%#&4-C&%)5L5%&5)4%7A'5G&757)e;#7)!)4%(58&75>M@=_5())5?@5LTP[-T-L-
;<C<;V$ 8/Y,*0FE$+*0IF3/
A surface that provides a profile that is tactually different and discernible from the adjacent surface.
Places or areas within premises that are the intended end points of a wayfinding journey.
1.4.23 Wayfinding information points
A place or location which enables a building user to identify the building and the wayfinding 6)(%#4"%#&4(5"%5%/)5#4#%#"$50)6)(%7#"45"77#9"$50%(59#"5%/)507&9#(#&45&85#48&7!"%#&45%/"%5#(5$)+#,$)5%&5the user and which connects them to wayfinding decision points via wayfinding paths.
An enhanced CAPT which includes features and finishes which enables the path and associated )$)!)4%(5%&5,)56)%).%",$)_5"4659#(;"$$A56#(%#4+;#(/",$)587&!5%/)5(;77&;46#4+5(;78".)(-C&%)5L5%&5)4%7A'5G&750)7(&4(52#%/5#!0"#7)659#(#&45"465&%/)750)7(&4(52#%/54&4^!&,#$#%A57)$"%)656#(",#$#%#)(_5"5wayfinding path may include steps and stairs. Some persons with impaired vision will not use lifts, preferring %&5;()5(%"#7(_5%7"9)$"%&7(5&75)(."$"%&7(-
1.4.25 Wayfinding system
A series of wayfinding information and wayfinding decision points connected by wayfinding paths )4",$#4+5"50)7(&45%&5%7"9)$5#46)0)46)4%$A-
@ D 3 > = B C 5 P 5 I?V G = C J = C M 5 @ V @ > DR?<;$ !)'=>>/#(5 @).%#&45 &;%$#4)(5 %/)5 .&4.)0%(5 "465 )$)!)4%(5 %/"%5 )4",$)5 "5 0)7(&45 2/&5 #(5 ,$#465 &75 9#(#&45#!0"#7)65%&5("8)$A5"465#46)0)46)4%$A5+)%5#4%&_5!&9)5"7&;465"465$)"9)5"5,;#$6#4+_5$&."%#&4_507)!#()(5"461&758".#$#%A-
?<?$ %>9>6"&A wayfinding system requires a structure to organise the environment into a spatial hierarchy to facilitate connectivity between spaces, both horizontally and vertically. The wayfinding system (/"$$5#6)4%#8A`
(f) wayfinding paths between arrival, destination information and decision points.R&7)5 #48&7!"%#&45 ",&;%5 %/)5!)%/&6(5;()65,A50)&0$)52/&5"7)5,$#465&75 9#(#&45 #!0"#7)65 %&5!&9)5"7&;465#46)0)46)4%$A5."45,)58&;465#45?00)46#a5D-CB>D5L5 >/)56)(#+45&856).#(#&450%(5(/&;$65,)5$&+#."$_57"%#&4"$_5&,9#&;(5%&5"5(#+/%)65;()7_5$)+#,$)5%&50)&0$)52#%/59#(#&45#!0"#7!)4%5"46507&9#6)5%/)56#7).%#&4"$5.;)(57)$"%)656#7).%$A5%&5"5,;#$6#4+5&75$"46(."0)5(0".)-
NOTE 2 For all people, wayfinding decisions are generally based on more than just signage. Vision plays "56&!#4"4%57&$)5#45"50)7(&4g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handrails and glazing visual indicators as specified in AS 1428.1.
NOTE 3 Onsite wayfinding systems should be supplemented with information to enable people with 6#(",#$#%#)(5%&50$"45%/)#75<&;74)A-5@))5?00)46#a5?-
(a) A wayfinding path in accordance with Clause 2.4 linking the site or property arrival point 2#%/5%/)5,;#$6#4+50)6)(%7#"45)4%7A50%b(c52/)7)5%/)5,;#$6#4+5)4%7"4.)5#(54&%5$&."%)65&45%/)507&0)7%A5,&;46"7A-
b,c5 R#4#!;!5#$$;!#4"%#&45$)9)$5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/5?@5LH[U-U5"%5,;#$6#4+50)6)(%7#"45)4%7A50%(-NOTE Entrances to buildings and facilities are important wayfinding destination and decision points and (/&;$65,)5$&."%)65"(5.&49)4#)4%$A5"(50&((#,$)587&!50%(5&85"77#9"$5"465(;,()e;)4%50%(5&856).#(#&45!"h#4+-
FIGURE 2.1B — FOOTPRINT FOR A PERSON USING A LONG CANE OR ASSISTANCE ANIMAL
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?<L<;$ %/4/0FEA shoreline is part of a wayfinding path and shall consist of the Continuous Accessible Path of >7"9)$5b3?E>c5#45.&4<;4.%#&452#%/5&4)5&75!&7)5&85%/)58&$$&2#4+'CB>D5 @/&7)$#4)(507&9#6)5"56)%).%",$)_58;4.%#&4"$5"46507)8)7",$A5.&4%#4;&;(5)$)!)4%50)7!#%%#4+5"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)65%&5%7"9)$5%/7&;+/5&0)45"7)"(5&75,)%2))45h)A56)(%#4"%#&4(_52/)7)5"50)7(&452/&5#(5(#+/%)652&;$65;()59#(;"$5#48&7!"%#&458&754"9#+"%#&45&756#7).%#&4"$#%A-
(b) An adjacent raised landscape fixture or planting that incorporates either kerb, low height wall, 7"#()650$"4%#4+5"7)"5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/53$";()5P-X-P-
(c) An adjacent flush landscape fixture or planting (e.g. mulch or lawn) in accordance with 3$";()5P-X-Q-
(c) the floor, where it intersects with the vertical surface, shall have a band or line with a minimum 2#6%/5&85QUU5!!5"465"5!"a#!;!52#6%/5&85TUU5!!5b())5G#+;7)5P-Qcl5"46
?<L<@<?) JL!H)#,$"2$,)2?"()IPPP)//Where the CAPT is greater than 5000 mm in width, to provide direction to and within the wayfinding 0"%/_5%/)58&$$&2#4+5(/"$$5,)507&9#6)6'
b.c5 >".%#$)5+7&;465(;78".)5#46#."%&7(5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/5?@5LTP[-T-L-NOTE People who are blind and vision impaired find it difficult to walk in a straight direction, particularly 2/)45%/)A5/"9)5%&54"9#+"%)5("8)$A5"465#46)0)46)4%$A5%/7&;+/5$"7+)5&0)45"7)"(52#%/&;%5(/&7)$#4)(-
?<L<C$ 8F3,2E/$R0-*4O$+*0IF3/$24O23F,-0+$E24[24R$,-$24I-0.F,2-4$+-*03/+In situations where wayfinding information points are not located on the edge of a detectable (/&7)$#4)_56#7).%#&4"$5"4652"74#4+5%".%#$)5+7&;465(;78".)5#46#."%&7(5.&!0$A#4+52#%/5?@5LTP[-T-L5shall be used to link shorelines to the following wayfinding information points:
Textural surface contrast shall be used within wayfinding pathways as a means of providing ground level wayfinding information in the following instances:
?<P<@$ 8/Y,*0FE$3-4,0F+,$3FE3*EF,2-4I/)7)5%)a%;7"$5.&4%7"(%5#(5;()6_5)#%/)75%/)58&$$&2#4+5%)(%5!)%/&65&75%)a%;7"$5(;78".)5!"%)7#"$(5$#(%)65#45>",$)5P-L5(/"$$5,)5;()6-The shoreline surface and wayfinding path surface shall have a minimum textural contrast ratio of 8&;75,)%2))45)"./5&%/)752/)7)'
(a) Textural contrast is defined as the ratio of the mean profile depth (MPD) or the mean texture depth (MTD) of the shoreline surface to the MPD or the MTD of the wayfinding path surface.
(b) The test is carried out using a dynamic or static laser surface profiler in accordance 2#%/5?00)46#a5J-
b.c5 >/)5REJ5"465%/)5R>J5"7)5."$.;$"%)65#45"..&76"4.)52#%/5=@B5LQTKQ-L'LOOK-NOTE Where a shoreline has a bevelled edge rise of 5 mm above the finished level of the CAPT, the %)a%;7"$5.&4%7"(%57"%#&5!"A5,)57)6;.)65%&5Q-
?<P<C$ 8/Y,*0FE$+*0IF3/$.F,/02FE+$^2,H24$)"=8Traversable textural surfaces need to be firmly fixed to the floor or ground surface, and can be "./#)9)65,A5%/)507&9#(#&45&8`
?<Q$ Z":7#95#9%$#97'6A"8#'9$='#98!Where a premises contains more than a sole occupancy, upon arrival at a premises, wayfinding #48&7!"%#&450%(52/#./507&9#6)5&7#)4%"%#&45#48&7!"%#&45(/"$$5#4.$;6)5&4)5&85%/)58&$$&2#4+'
b.c5 ?5.&4.#)7+)5&759&$;4%))7(56)(h-CB>D5 I/)7)5 "5 ,;#$6#4+5 /"(5!;$%#0$)5 %)4"4%(_5 &..;0"4%(5 &75 ,;(#4)(()(5 &45 #46#9#6;"$5 $)9)$(_5 ().&46"7A5wayfinding information points may also be located on each level in accordance with Section 3.
?<S$ #97'6A"8#'9$"8$Z":7#95#9%$5>)#!#'9$='#98!At wayfinding decision points, directional signs shall be provided.NOTE 1 Refer to the wayfinding handbook HB 151Lc58&75#48&7!"%#&457)$"%#4+5%&5%/)5;()5&857).)0%#&45"7)"(_5#48&7!"%#&450%(5&75.&$&;7)65&75%)a%;7)65,;#$6#4+58)"%;7)(-
NOTE 2 Lifts, stairs and ramps should be identifiable from each other.
@<?<;$ %/4/0FESignage for a building or place shall be provided as part of a wayfinding system and shall provide #48&7!"%#&458&75;()7(5"%5%/)58&$$&2#4+5$&."%#&4('
3.2.3 Non-tactile wayfinding signs (visual signs)Wayfinding signage shall be supplemented by elevated signs at wayfinding information and wayfinding decision points in high pedestrian traffic areas where tactile and braille signs may be 9#(;"$$A5&,(.;7)6-E&(#%#&4#4+5&85%/)()5(#+4(5(/"$$5,)5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/53$";()5Q-H-CB>D5 L5 >A0#."$5 $&."%#&4(5 !"A5 #4.$;6)5 "#70&7%5 %)7!#4"$(_5 %7"4(0&7%5 #4%)7./"4+)(_5 (%"6#;!(_5 %/)"%7)(_5(/&00#4+5!"$$(5&75%/)5$#h)-
NOTE 2 Signs that do not provide wayfinding information are not required to comply with this Standard.
@<?<C$ %/4/0FE$O/+2R4$R*2O/E24/+>/)5 8&$$&2#4+5 "7)5!#4#!;!5 7)e;#7)!)4%(5 %&5 ,)5 #4.&70&7"%)65 #4%&5 %/)5 6)(#+4_5!"4;8".%;7)5 "465installation of all wayfinding signs described by this Standard:
b"c5 N)%%)7#4+5&45(#+4(5(/"$$5,)5%#%$)5."()-NOTE That is, upper case for the first letter of each main word and lower case for all other letters. Short "7%#.$)(_507)0&(#%#&4(5"465.&4<;4.%#&4(5"7)54&%5."0#%"$#:)6-
@<?<L$ %EF0/$.242.2NF,2-4M$"7)5."457)6;.)59#(;"$5",#$#%#)(5.";(#4+5)#%/)756#(.&!8&7%5&756#(",#$#%A-Where a person has to gather visual wayfinding information, particularly—
(a) at all major wayfinding information and decision points; and
NOTE An accessible wayfinding system should be designed so that it maximizes the person’s ability to gather sensory (particularly visual) information for independent wayfinding.
(d) Wayfinding information shall not be provided on horizontal surfaces to ensure retention of %/)5#4%)+7#%A5&85%/)5(#+45(;78".)5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/53$";()5Q-X-Lb)c-
( i) Ver t ical mounted raised tact i le and brai l le s ignage
400
400*
120
0 160
0
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE
( i i ) Ver t ical mounted ra ised tact i le s ignage wi th separate brai l le panel
365
170
0
200*
100
012
00
30 -45°
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE—(B) 5TH PERCENTILE FEMALE
550*
950
1500
Directo
ry b
oard
750 max.
*Zone AFL for tact i les ignage and Brai l le
30 -45°
(c) 95th percent i le male ( i) Bui ld ing directory board, d irec t ional s ign or map-raised tact i le and brai l le s ignage. Mounted at 30 -45° to ver t ical .
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE
(d) 5th percent i le female ( i) Bui ld ing directory board, d irec t ional s ign or map-raised tact i le and brai l le s ignage. Mounted at 30 -45° to ver t ical .
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE
*Zone AFL for tact i les ignage and Brai l le
550*
950
1500
30-45°
( i i ) Bui ld ing directory board, d irec t ional s ign or map-raised to read lowest level of ra ised tact i le and brai l le s ignage.
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE
( i i i ) Bui ld ing directory board, d irec t ional s ign or map-raised to read highest level of ra ised tact i le and brai l le s ignage.
FIGURE 3.1 — (IN PART) REACH RANGES FOR RAISED TACTILE AND BRAILLE SIGNAGE
J=RDC@=BC@5=C5R=NN=RD>FD@
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@<C<;$ #4I-0.F,2-4$+2R4+
@<C<;<;) 7$($,"1Information signs shall include floor plans, maps, directories or building identification.Where direction is provided on a wayfinding sign, information and direction signs shall be combined.
b###c5 2#%/#45PUUU5!!_5&45%/)57#+/%5/"465(#6)5&85%/)53?E>5&45)4%)7#4+5%/)5,;#$6#4+5)4%7"4.)5or site where there is insufficient space on the left hand side of the CAPT when entering %/)5,;#$6#4+5&75(#%)l
(a) positioned at wayfinding information points to indicate the location of—
b#c5 07#4.#0"$50)6)(%7#"45)4%7"4.)(l
(ii) wayfinding decision points; and
(iii) wayfinding destinations.
(b) positioned at every wayfinding decision point where there is more than one directional choice;
(c) positioned at every change of level, at the lift landing, stairways (other than fire isolated or fire )(."0)5(%"#72"A(c_57"!0(_5)(."$"%&7(5"465%7"9)$"%&7(l
3.4.3 Identification signsIdentification signs shall be provided to door signs, room signs, location or destination signs.Where identification signs are required to identify rooms and facilities, as part of the wayfinding (A(%)!_5%/)A5(/"$$5,)`
If there is insufficient space on the latch side wall, an identification sign may be placed.b###c5 &45%/)56&&75#%()$8_52/)7)5=%)!(5b#c5&75b##c5"7)54&%50&((#,$)-5I/)7)5%/)5(#+45#(50$".)65&45
the door, the door shall be fitted with a self-closing device that cannot be held open; orCB>D5 G&75 %/)5 0;70&()5 &85 =%)!5 b.c5 2/)45 "5 6&&752#%/5 6&;,$)5 $)"9)(5 #(5 07&9#6)65 "465 &4)5 $)"85 #(56)(#+4"%)65"(5%/)5#4".%#9)5$)"8_5%/)5#4".%#9)5$)"85#(5.&4(#6)7)65%/)5$"%./5(#6)52"$$-
b.c5 >/)5,".h+7&;465&85%/)5(#+45(/"$$5/"9)5"5!#4#!;!5QUm5$;!#4"4.)5.&4%7"(%52#%/5%/)5(;78".)5#%5#(5,)#4+59#)2)65"+"#4(%-NOTE A formula for calculating luminance contrast for wayfinding signage is provided in AS 1428.1, ?00)46#a5\T-
b)c5 >/)5 7"#()65 %".%#$)5 "465 \7"#$$)5 #48&7!"%#&45 (/"$$5 ,)5 !"4;8".%;7)65 ;(#4+5 "5 07&.)((5 2/#./5ensures the integrity of the surface finish. All pictograms and text shall be embossed or 7"#()65"465,)5#4%)+7"$5%&5%/)5(#+45%&5"9ʑ)!&9"$_5./#00#4+_58"$$#4+5&88_56#7%5"..;!;$"%#&4_56)$"!#4"%#4+5&759"46"$#(!-
(f) Where cross contamination is of concern, e.g. in a hospital, the first surface or face of the 7"#()65%".%#$)5"465\7"#$$)5(#+45(/"$$5,)5.&4%#4;&;(-5>/)7)5(/"$$5,)54&5<_5()"!5&75+"05#45%/#(5part of the sign face. If a coating is being applied the specifications and dimensions described /)7)5(/"$$5(%#$$5,)5"./#)9)65"465%/)5.&"%)65(;78".)5(/"$$5,)5.&4%#4;&;(-CB>D5 F"#()65%".%#$)5"465,7"#$$)5(#+4(5."45,)57)"65,A5%&;./5#!0$A#4+5%/"%5%/)5(;78".)5&85%/)5(#+45!"A587&!5%#!)5%&5%#!)5"..;!;$"%)56#7%5&75,".%)7#"-5=%5#(5#!0&7%"4%5%/"%5%/)5(#+45(;78".)(5"7)5!"#4%"#4)65%&5)4(;7)5$)+#,#$#%A_5.$)"4$#4)((_5/A+#)4)_5"465!#4#!;!57)e;#7)!)4%(58&75$;!#4"4.)5.&4%7"(%-5E"7%#.;$"75attention should be paid to removal of dirt between confined spaces on the signed surface such as ,7"#$$)56&%(-
(g) The width of the stroke shall allow the finger to touch both sides of the embossed letter or 4;!)7"$52#%/5"5(#4+$)50"((-5>/)52#6%/5&85%/)5(%7&h)5(/"$$5,)5,)%2))45P5!!5"465K5!!-
@<L<@$ =23,-R0F.+
@<L<@<;) 7$($,"1The following establishes minimum requirements for pictograms used within a wayfinding system 2/#./5(/"$$5,)5#45%/)58&7!5(/&245#45?00)46#a5\-
@<L<@<@) F"CC'(#)C'-2+#,"/&Mapping pictograms are textural identifiers used on raised tactile and Braille maps and are descriptive of unique wayfinding clues. Mapping pictograms shall—
b8c5 B45(#+4(52#%/5!;$%#0$)5$#4)(5&85\7"#$$)5&752/)7)5\7"#$$)5."44&%5,)50&(#%#&4)65#45"..&76"4.)5with this Specification, a semi-circular raised or recessed Braille locator at the left margin shall be horizontally aligned with the first line of Braille text.
@<P<;$ %/4/0FE>/)5 8&$$&2#4+5 "7)5!#4#!;!5 7)e;#7)!)4%(5 %&5 ,)5 #4.&70&7"%)65 #4%&5 %/)5 6)(#+4_5!"4;8".%;7)5 "465installation of non-tactile wayfinding signs provided for pedestrians who do not read by touch:
b)c5 ?$$5%)a%5"465+7"0/#.(5(/"$$5/"9)5"5!#4#!;!5$;!#4"4.)5.&4%7"(%5&85QUm5,)%2))45%/)5./"7".%)75"465%/)5,".h+7&;465.&$&;7-NOTE A formula for calculating luminance contrast for wayfinding signage is provided in AS 1428.1, E"7"+7"0/5\T-
(f) All sign surfaces shall be non-reflective and with a maximum 30% gloss finish.
@<P<?$ !2R4$3-4,/4,The following are minimum requirements for the content of non-raised tactile wayfinding information and directional signs used in a wayfinding system to supplement information provided #45"57"#()65%".%#$)5"465\7"#$$)58&7!"%-53&4%)4%5(/"$$`
CB>D5 >",$)5\L5"465"((&.#"%)650#.%&+7"!(507&9#6)5!#4#!;!56)(#+456#!)4(#&4(5"4657)e;#7)!)4%(58&75%/)5visual and tactile use of pictograms for wayfinding signage required by this Standard.
T 5 @ D 3 > = B C 5 T 5 N = G > 5 @ V @ > DR @C<;$ Z":7#95#9%$(>8Z>>9$>986#>!b$#98>69"&$"))>!!Z":!b$>\#8!$"95$N!Where the passenger lift is part of the accessible path of travel, wayfinding elements shall be 07&9#6)65,)%2))45"$$50)6)(%7#"45)4%7#)(_5#4%)74"$5"..)((2"A(_5)a#%(5"4650"(()4+)75$#8%(_52/#./5.&;$65#4.$;6)5)#%/)7`
b"c5 &4)5$#8%l
b,c5 "5,"4h5&85$#8%(5#45"5(#4+$)57&2l
b.c5 0"#7)65,"4h(5&85$#8%(5b&00&(#%)5)"./5&%/)7cl
b6c5 ,".h5%&5,".h50"#7#4+(5&85$#8%(l5&7
(e) complex configurations of multiple banks of lifts in different locations.Wayfinding elements required shall consist of one, or a combination, of the following:
(a) Locations of lifts, lift landings and lift lobbies shall be identified on information and directional (#+4(5#4.$;6#4+5%/&()5$&."%)65"%50)6)(%7#"45)4%7"4.)(_5#4%)74"$5"..)((2"A(5"465#48&7!"%#&454&6)(52#%/#45"5,;#$6#4+5&750$".)5#45"..&76"4.)52#%/5@).%#&45Q-
b,c5 I/)7)5"5$#8%5&75,"4h5&85$#8%(5"7)5$&."%)65,)/#465"5().;7)5"..)((5.&4%7&$50%_5(#+4"+)5"465wayfinding features in accordance with Sections 2 and 3 shall be provided to direct a person 87&!5,;#$6#4+5)4%7"4.)(5"465;4().;7)65"7)"(5%&5%/)5().;7)5"..)((5.&4%7&$50%5"465%/)45%&5%/)5$#8%5&75$#8%5$"46#4+b(c-
"<;<;$ %/4/0FEThe aim of this Standard is to provide design requirements to enable wayfinding for pedestrians to and within the built environment. In particular the standard specifies requirements that will assist 0)&0$)52/&5"7)5,$#465&759#(#&45 #!0"#7)6_5&$6)750)&0$)_5 0)&0$)52#%/5&%/)75 ()4(&7A56#(",#$#%#)(5&75.&+4#%#9)5#!0"#7!)4%5"465&%/)750)&0$)52/&57)e;#7)5!&,#$#%A5"((#(%"4.)->/)5.&4(#(%)4%5"00$#."%#&45&85%/#(5@%"46"7652#$$5)4/"4.)5%/)5("8)%A_56#+4#%A5"465#46)0)46)4.)58&750)&0$)52#%/56#(",#$#%A5%&5"..)((5%/)5,;#$%5)49#7&4!)4%-
A.1.2 Wayfinding objectivesWayfinding design requirements provide a structure to organize the environment into a spatial hierarchy capable of supporting wayfinding tasks. The basic wayfinding design principles are as follows (adapted from the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation—Wayfinding J)(#+45M;#6)$#4)(c'
A.1.3 Wayfinding principlesA wayfinding system for a building or place should enable continuous pathways that are legible to 0)&0$)52#%/56#(",#$#%#)(5"465(/&;$6507&9#6)5#48&7!"%#&458&75;()7(5%&`
(a) confirm they are at the correct start or finish point of an individual journey;
The following are examples of San Serif fonts suitable for use within a wayfinding system; including raised tactile and visual wayfinding signs.CB>D5 >A0)8".)5F)e;#7)!)4%(-5I/)45()%5"%5LP0%5"$$5%/)()5%A0)8".)(5/"9)5"45a^/)#+/%5&85P5!!5&75!&7)-5>/#(5#(5%/)5!#4#!;!57)e;#7)!)4%5%&5!))%53$)"75E7#4%5(%"46"76(_5F&A"$5C"%#&4"$5@&.#)%A58&75%/)5\$#465bFC=\c5"465=4%)74"%#&4"$5@&.#)%A5&85>A0&+7"0/#.5J)(#+4)7(5b=@>Jc5Zt5PUUX57)e;#7)!)4%(-5
D.3.2 Amount of data to be collected from field testsMeasurements and calculations should ideally be made along the entire length of the wayfinding path with separate tests for each of the shorelines and along the centreline of the wayfinding path. ?$%/&;+/5"5.&4%#4;&;(5!)"(;7)!)4%5#(5#6)"$_5(%"%#.5%)(%(5!"A5,)5)!0$&A)652/)7)5"5!#4#!;!5&85&4)5profile for every 3 m of path shall be required.Comply with the remainder of the requirements on ‘Amount of data to be collected from field tests’ in ISO 13473-1:1997 in terms of profile lengths and surfaces of varying texture along each of the shorelines and the wayfinding path.
5<@<@$ ".-*4,$-I$OF,F$,-$D/$3-EE/3,/O$24$EFD-0F,-0T$+F.GE/+N",&7"%&7A5("!0$)(5"7)5+)4)7"$$A5)#%/)75.#7.;$"75.&7)(5&757).%"4+;$"75($",(-5>/)()5("!0$)(5!"A5,)5%"h)4587&!5(#%)5&75;4#%"7A507&6;.%(5%&5,)5;()65#45%/)5.&4(%7;.%#&45&85%/)50"%/5b)-+-50"9#4+5($",(c-3&!0$A52#%/5%/)57)!"#46)75&85%/)5().%#&45&85=@B5LQTKQ^L'LOOK5&45f?!&;4%5&856"%"5%&5,)5.&$$).%)65&45$",&7"%&7A5("!0$)(g5)a.)0%5%/"%5%/)5.&7)(5(/&;$65,)5%"h)4587&!5)"./5&85%/)5(/&7)$#4)(5"465%/)5wayfinding path at 3 m centres.
5<C$ A>"!]6#9%$#9!86]A>98!The test is carried out using a dynamic or static laser surface profiler. Measuring instruments shall .&!0$A52#%/53$";()5X5&85=@B5LQTKQ^L'LOOK_5"4652#%/5%/)58&$$&2#4+'
b"c5 F)8)77#4+5 %&5 %/)5 ().%#&45&85 =@B5LQTKQ^L'LOOK5&45 %/)5 (0))65&85!)"(;7)!)4%_5&4$A52"$h#4+5profilometers similar to the TM2 model manufactured by WDM Limited, shall be used for 6A4"!#.5%)(%#4+-
(b) In this Appendix ‘road surface’ in the figure illustrating ‘Requirements regarding alignment of non-contact sensors’ shall be taken as being synonymous with ‘wayfinding path and (/&7)$#4)5(;78".)(g-
(c) Averaging of MPD and MTD/ETD values shall only be permitted for profiles taken at the 3 m points referred to in Paragraph D3.2 for each of the shorelines and also the wayfinding path. These values shall be used to calculate the ‘textural contrast’ of the path as defined in E"7"+7"0/5JP-P-
>/)5 %)a%;7"$5 .&4%7"(%5 #(5 "5 6#!)4(#&4$)((5 !)"(;7)5 %/"%5 #(5 #4.&70&7"%)65 #4%&5 "5 (."$)5 2/)7)5 %/)5ascending order represents an increase in detectability for TCs > 4 where the baseline profile is that &85"5b2"74#4+c5%".%#$)5+7&;465(;78".)5#46#."%&7-
5<Q$ 8>!8$6>='68XA'5#7#>5$6>h]#6>A>98!The test report requirements of ISO 13473-1:1997 shall be modified for the test report for each ‘wayfinding path and associated shorelines’ and shall contain data on the following:
(b) Location and identification of the wayfinding path and shorelines measured noted on an "007&9)65(#%)50$"458&75%/)507)!#()(-
b.c5 J)(.7#0%#&45"4659#(;"$5#!"+)(5&85)"./5%)(%5$&."%#&45"465(;78".)-5=85%/)56"%"5.&$$).%#&45!)%/&65used is continuous then the images shall cover the entire length of the wayfinding path.
b"c5 >/)5 ?44)a;7)5 6)"$#4+5 2#%/5 f%)a%;7)5 7"4+)(g5 "00$#)(5 ;4./"4+)65 "465 #(5 #48&7!"%#9)-5 >/)5figure describing the basic terms on texture refers to wayfinding path and shoreline surface characteristics. References in the figure dealing with general terms in relation to ‘roading’ should only be noted in as far as they relate to ‘macrotexture’. The remaining figures should "00$A5;4./"4+)6-
b6c5 ?44)a5J dealing with surface profile calibration procedure does apply.
(e) The flow chart in ?00)46#a5J5 #(5 ;()65 %&5 ."$.;$"%)5REJ5"465D>J5"465 (/"$$5 ,)5 %"h)45 "(5referring to each 3 m section of wayfinding path. Averaging for that 3 m section should be .&4(#6)7)65 "(5 ,)#4+5 7)"(&4",$)5 8&75 9"$;)(5 ;()65 #45 %/)5 ."$.;$"%#&45&85 %/)5 %)a%;7"$5 .&4%7"(%-5>/)5 ."$.;$"%#&45 &85 f%)a%;7"$5 .&4%7"(%g5 (/"$$5 .&!07#()5 "45 "66#%#&4"$5 (%)05 "66)65 #45 ,)%2))45f?9)7"+#4+g5"465fG#4#(/g-
b8c5 F)8)75 %&5%/)58&$$&2#4+50"0)75%/"%5;46)70#4(5%/)5!)"4#4+5&85%)a%;7"$5.&4%7"(%l5R".N)44"4_5W-?-_5 bPULXc_5 A meaningful assessment process for wayfinding path shorelines_5 F)0&7%5RDUHT^5/"!Q_5%SO6)5PE5A5DPTB7E=E5E5UAVE5I=V-
><;$ %>9>6"&M&&659#(#&45)4",$)(5"5(#+/%)650)7(&45%&52"$h52#%/&;%5%&&5!;./5%/&;+/%5",&;%5%/)#750"%/_5/":"76(_5road crossing location, direction, or wayfinding clues and cues as they can see and respond accordingly. Without visual wayfinding clues such as signs, building names and numbers or readily identifiable elements such as a unique artwork, many sighted people will struggle to find their chosen destination. People who are blind are not able to use this same visual information so wayfinding and !&9#4+5"7&;465#(58"75!&7)5./"$$)4+#4+-
training develops skills to enable a person to find their way, know where they are, where they want to go and the best way to get there. Being oriented requires the gathering of wayfinding information %/"%52#$$5)4",$)5"50)7(&45%&5+&5#45%/)5.&77).%56#7).%#&4_5+)%5%&5%/)#75./&()456)(%#4"%#&4_5"465f+)%5,".h5&45%7".hg5#85"4652/)45%/)A5/"9)5+&4)5%/)527&4+52"A-G&75 "50)7(&452/&5 #(5,$#46_5!&,#$#%A_5 &752"$h#4+5"7&;465 ("8)$A5 "465 #46)0)46)4%$A_5 #(54&%5 (#!0$)-5I#%/&;%59#(#&4_5"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465!"A54&%5,)5",$)5%&`
b#c5 ())5"5/":"765"465%"h)5)9"(#9)5".%#&4l
(ii) gather wayfinding information about their location or the direction they need to go in because %/)A5."44&%57)"65(#+4(5"465())5&%/)759#(;"$5.$;)(l5"46
b###c5 %7"9)7()5"45&0)45(0".)-R&(%50)&0$)52/&5"7)5,$#4652#$$5 ;()50/A(#."$5 $"46!"7h(5 "465&%/)754&4^9#(;"$5 #48&7!"%#&45 "$&4+5the way to assist them with knowing where they are and confirm they are heading in the correct 6#7).%#&4-5>/#(5!#+/%5,)5.&;4%#4+5 %/)54;!,)75&85 (%7))%(5.7&(()6_5 %/)5(!)$$5&85"5.&88))5(/&0_5 %/)5(&;465&85"5,;(A57&"65&75%/)50"7%#.;$"758))$5&85"5().%#&45&850"9)!)4%-5N#h)5"5(#+/%)650)7(&4_5"50)7(&45who is blind will have their preferred way of gathering wayfinding information.
><L<;$ %/4/0FEN#h)5)9)7A&4)5)$()_5"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)652#$$5;()5%/)#7507)8)77)65.&!,#4"%#&45of information, landmarks, clues and cues for wayfinding, depending on what is available in their $&."%#&45"%5%/)5%#!)5%/)A5"7)5%7"9)$$#4+-5?50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#4652#$$54&%57)$A5(&$)$A5&45&4)5()4()5,;%587)e;)4%$A5.&!,#4#4+5()4(&7A5"465&%/)75(&7%(5&85#48&7!"%#&45(;./5"(507)9#&;(5)a0)7#)4.)5#45"45"7)"-
><L<?<;$ (-EO/0Increasing contrast is one of the simplest ways to provide and/or improve wayfinding information. =%5!)"4(5!"a#!#:#4+5.&4%7"(%5,)%2))45)$)!)4%(5(;./5"(5#48&7!"%#&45&45"5(#+45"465#%(5,".h+7&;46_5.&4%7&$(5"465%/)#75!&;4%#4+50"4)$_56&&7(_56&&7587"!)(5&752"$$(_5(%)05%7)"6(5"4654&(#4+(-53&4%7"(%#4+5"5/"467"#$58&75(%"#7(507&9#6)(5!"4A5;()8;$5.$;)(`#48&7!"%#&45%/"%5%/)7)5"7)5(%)0(5"/)"6_5%/)5$&."%#&45&85%/)5/"467"#$5b#854))6)6c_5%/)56#7).%#&45&85%/)5(%)0(5"4650&%)4%#"$$A5%/)#7507&a#!#%A5%&5&%/)75,;#$%5)$)!)4%(5(;./5"(5"5$#8%5&757"!0_5$&."%#&456)0)46)4%-3&4%7"(%5!"A5,)`
><L<?<@$ (02RH,/0Brighter means having sufficient light or illumination. However, it also means balancing the amount &85$#+/%5(&5"(5%&54&%5.";()5+$"7)_52/#./5."457)6;.)5%/)5.&!8&7%5"465e;"$#%A5&85"50)7(&4g(59#(#&4-
b6c5 L-+9&2'-) *$$.0"-< A person will use echolocation, or reflected sound that bounces off the ,;#$6#4+5$#4)-
3$)"75"465.&4(#(%)4%5(/&7)$#4)(5"$$&25"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465&759#(#&45#!0"#7)65%&5$&."%)5)4%7"4.)(5(;./5"(5(/&0(5)4%7#)(_58&$$&25"57&"65)6+)5%&5$&."%)5.7&((#4+(5&75,;(5(%&0(_5!&9)5%/7&;+/5$"7+)5&0)45"7)"(_5"465(%"A5%&5%/)5(#6)5&85"58&&%0"%/5%&5!#4#!#:)5%/)57#(h5&85,;!0#4+5#4%&5&%/)750)6)(%7#"4(-5=%5also helps to boost their confidence, maintain their sense of direction and aid orientation.
><L<C$ !-*4OUF3-*+,23+@&;465(&;7.)(5."4507&9#6)5,&%/56#7).%#&4"$5"465$&."%#&45#48&7!"%#&4-5J#7).%#&4"$5#48&7!"%#&45"#6(5the person in walking towards the sound source; location information aids the person in confirming %/)#75&7#)4%"%#&4-5D./&$&."%#&45"#6(5#45;46)7(%"46#4+5"5(0".)-5W&2)9)7_5%&&5!;./5"!,#)4%54&#()5."45mask useful sounds for people who are blind and make hearing information difficult for people with hearing difficulties.Da"!0$)(5&85(&;465(&;7.)(5"465/&25%/)A5"7)5;()65#4.$;6)'
b"c5 %',$-2'+("1)N+9(.)N+9,-$5=45?;(%7"$#"5!"4A50)6)(%7#"45.7&((#4+(5/"9)5f,))0)7(g5&75?;6#&5>".%#$)5@#+4"$(_5%/"%5/"9)56#88)7)4%5(&;46(56)0)46#4+5&45%/)5.7&((#4+50/"()l57"0#65(&;465%&52"$h_5($&25(&;465%&52"#%-5I/)45"007&"./#4+5"5.7&((#4+_5"50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465."45;()5%/)5,))0#4+5%&5/)$05$&."%)5%/)57&"65.7&((#4+5.&4%7&$-5>/)5("!)54&#()5!"A5"$(&5"((#(%5%/)50)7(&45%&5find the footpath on the opposite side of the road.
b,c5 Q+-"2'+("1)N+9(.& There are many sounds used by people who are blind to confirm their $&."%#&45(;./5"(5%/)54&#()5&850)&0$)5%"$h#4+5"%5"5.&88))5(/&0_5%/)5f6#4+(g5&85"5$#8%5./#!#4+5#%(56#7).%#&4_5&75%/)5(&;465&85"5,;(A57&"6-5@&!)5(&;46(5!"A5,)5.&4(%"4%_5&%/)7(5#4%)7!#%%)4%-
><L<L$ !./EE3$&()5A&;75)A)(52/)45A&;5"7)52"$h#4+56&245"5(/&00#4+5(%7#05"465A&;5."45%)$$5%/)5.&88))5(/&0_5%/)5,"h)7A_5,;%./)7(5"465./)!#(%5,A5%/)#75;4#e;)5(!)$$(-5E)&0$)52/&5"7)5,$#465;()5%/)()5("!)5.$;)(58&75wayfinding; confirming that they are travelling in the correct direction, or locating their chosen 6)(%#4"%#&45(;./5"(5%/)5(/&05%2&56&&7(5"8%)75%/)5./)!#(%-
><L<P$ 8-*3H>&;./5.&!)(5#45"59"7#)%A5&858&7!(5#4.$;6#4+5%/7&;+/5"50)7(&4g(5(h#4_5/"46(_58))%5&75&%/)750"7%(5&85their body. Wayfinding information through touch will most commonly be done through a person’s /"46(5"461&758))%-?50)7(&452/&5#(5,$#465!"A5;()5%/)#75/"46(5%&5%&;./5"57"#()65%".%#$)5"465\7"#$$)5(#+4_57)"65"5%".%#$)5!"05&758))$5%/)5#48&7!"%#&45,)#4+5%7"4(!#%%)65%/7&;+/5%/)#75."4)-?5 ."4)5 "461&75 0)7(&4g(5 8))%5!"A5 6)%).%5 +7&;465 $)9)$5 #48&7!"%#&4-5?5 $&4+5 &75!&,#$#%A5 ."4)5 ".%(5as an extension of the person’s fingers to feel the ground immediately ahead as the cane is swept 7/A%/!#."$$A587&!5(#6)5%&5(#6)-5E)&0$)52/&5;()5"5+;#6)56&+56&54&%5/"9)5%/#(5("!)5.&44).%#&452#%/5+7&;465$)9)$5#48&7!"%#&45"465!"A52/&$$A5&45%".%#$)58))6,".h587&!5%/)#758))%-
u[v5 Ruhlhausen J. 2000) Wayfinding is not signage: Signage plays an important part of wayfinding—but there’s more, Signs of the Times, 192 (August): 90-91, 134, 222-(#+42),-.&!1"6"1cont/wayfind#4+U[UU-/%!$
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