Dr D K Tuli
1Nano in Energy & Environment, Bangalore 9th Dec,2011
Dr D K Tuli
GM( AE)
IOC R&D
Faridabad
• Established in 1972
• One of the Corporate Divisions
• State-of-the art facilities
Indian Oil R&D Centre
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• State-of-the art facilities
• ISO 9001 / 14001 certified
• Nanotechnology started in 2009
• Presently 4 scientists and 3 PhD
students
R&D MISSIONR&D MISSIONR&D MISSIONR&D MISSION
Future Ready
Alternative Energy &
Cleaner Technologies
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Technologies
Develop, Demonstrate &
Deploy
Innovation
Products, Processes
& People
� Nano technology in Lubricants
� Nano Fuel Additives
Nano processes
Contents
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� Nano processes
� Way forward….
Nanotechnology in Petroleum
� Petroleum industry has been a beneficiary of
Nanoscience /nanotechnology ; but mostly
unknowingly
� Most common refining catalysts e.g. Zeolites involves
Nanoscience
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Nanoscience
� Advent of nanotechnology has brought in “ Know Why”
in existing “Know How” element
Benefits of Nano lube additives:
�
* Lower friction (improved lubricity, lower energy costs. )
* Measurably better gas mileage , reduce wear, increase efficiency and
increased horsepower.
* Lower operating temperatures (as less energy is converted into heat)
* Increase in Oil / lubricant life and longer changeovers
* High Load bearing property means Reduction in wear of mating parts
* Offers increased corrosion resistance
* Does not clog oil or fuel filters as .5 micron particles easily pass thru filter.
� Required in very small doses
� Lube insoluble can also be used
� No need for derivatisation for solubility
Advantage of using nanoparticle
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
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� No need for derivatisation for solubility
� Having more efficient load bearing capability
� Having higher thermal diffusivity
� Contribute to the overall fluid viscosity
� Lower net treat cost for given efficiency
� Nanofluids
� Use of Nanoparticles in fluidic Lubricants
� Use of Nanoparticles in solid Lubricants
(Inorganic Fullerene / MoS2)
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
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(Inorganic Fullerene / MoS2)
Annual lube sales in India ~ 1 million tons
� BASF
� Chevron (MDT)
� ApNano (NanoLube)
MNC’s already in the business
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
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� ApNano (NanoLube)
� Ashland ( DOW)
� Lubrizol
� NNT (BORPowerBORPowerBORPowerBORPower® NANO )® NANO )® NANO )® NANO )
� H2OIL (eeLube)
AddNano Project Of EC
• Led by Infineum, UK
• 12 M Euro EC funded project
• Development of low S/P based additives
• Inorganic Fullerene type materials• Inorganic Fullerene type materials
• 14 industrial / academic partners
• Engine oils , transmission fluids and greases
• Molecular ball bearing approach
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
Commertial OilNano additized Oil
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Formulated engine oil without & with nano-additive
Change picture
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
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Inorganic nanodispersion with increased particle size
~ 350
micron~ 80 nm
Preparation of graphene dispersion
Nanotechnology in Lubricant Research
Natural Graphite Graphene oxideSonication
Dispersed graphene
oxide sheetsReduction with
Suitable reducing agent
(1) (2)
(3)
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Suitable reducing agent
Dispersed graphene
(3)
Application in solar cell
Commonly used electrode in conventional organic photovoltaic is
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
Drawbacks of ITO:
� Scarcity of Indium; Its expensive ( $1000/kg)
� ITO is less mechanically flexible
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Advantages of Graphene over ITO:
� Cheap and easily available raw materials
� Easy to prepare and process
� Graphene is transparent (>70%) over 1000nm
� High chemical and mechanical stability
� Better conductivity
� Flexible upto 85 % bend vs 65 % bend in ITO develops crack
•Dispersion should be highly stable in fuel
• Min. shelf life of one year
Should not affect fuel properties
Requirements of Nano additives in fuels:
Nanotechnology in Fuel Research
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•Should not affect fuel properties
•Should impart better combustion efficiency
• Scalable process of preparation
• Cost competitive with normal system
� BASF
� Oxonica (Envirox)
MNC’s already in the business
Nanotechnology in Fuel Research
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� Ashland (DOW)
� Lubrizol
� H2OIL (eeFuel)
nano fuel additivenanoparticles are added to fuel to improve
performance by promoting :
Soot burn within the combustion cycle
Nanotechnology in Fuel Research
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� Soot burn within the combustion cycle
� Oxidising carbon deposit build up within the engineresulting in more efficient performance and improvedfuel economy
� Better engine protection
� Lower emissions & smoke
Hydrocarbon Combustion
(2x+y)CeO2+CxHy=[(2x+y)/2]Ce2O3+x/2 CO2+y/2 H2O
Soot Burning
MECHANISM
Ce based nano fuel additive
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Soot Burning
4CeO2+Csoot=2Ce2O3+CO2
Nox Reduction
Ce2O3+NO=2CeO2+1/2N2
Toxicity of Ce is an issue
• Exploring Nanotechnology applications in
energy sector
• Cost effective nano material production
•Additive dose optimisation
Way forward….
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• Exploring academic & industrial
collaborations
Thank youThank you
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Nanotechnology Department,
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. R&D Centre
Sector 13, Faridabad, India-121 007Tel: +91-0129-2294-273 (O), Fax: +91-0129-2286-221E-mail: [email protected]
Thank youThank you