DR Final Part

Inlet Facade Fragment-Prototype Concept-

The prototype will be of a 1:2 fragment of the facade.

This will be a layered construction comprised of the

following;

An intricate wooden framework (basswood) based on an

Islamic pattern. Taking cues from Jean Nouvel’s Abu Dhabi

Louvre, it aims to mediate the amount of light entering

the theatre and thus reduce glare and solar gain.

A layer of coloured perspex in a corresponding but

different Islamic pattern. The colour should help light

to enter but filtered, further reducing the solar gain.

An outer layer of fine netting, which allows the prevailing

wind to pass unhindered, but is impervious to mosquitos.

Electronic opening and closing apertures.

Having an environmental strategy that is dependant on

natural ventilation within a site that is subject to

two distinct prevailing winds requires a design that

addresses this issue. My design proposes that the

inlets and outlets are able to adapt themselves to the

changing outside conditions to ensure a better internal

environment. The prototype will be a fragment of the

façade which incorporates a series of these devices.

The devices, which need to go from being insubstantial

in size to pieces that are able to interrupt the passage

of air, will be inspired by the early unit studies into

pop-up architecture.

Test 1- unsuccessful. The device

needed to be angled at 45˚

a. Prototype Concept illustration

b. Early device tests

Intermediate pieces needed to

cause an initial springing open of

the device.

Opening chord anchored to each leaf

to ensure their equal separation

The chord which closes the device

needs to run through all the leaves

but have a large opening to avoid

any friction.

a

b

b

b

125.

-Pop Up Book-

The twisting mechanism was further developed so

that one movement (the opening of the page) is

translated into a small structure twisting to

open.

a. Clasp

b. Book closed

c. Book mid open

d. Book mid open

e. Open structures

f. Plan view of an opening structure and the

chords required to achieve this

g. Elevation view of the opening mechanism

1. Necessary to remove angle so the structure

does not collide with the page.

2. Chords ensure the correct separation of the

leaves. One set pulls them open, the other

pulls them closed.

3. Distance required so the opening of the

page translates into enough force to open the

structures

4. This pulls upwards when the page is closed,

providing the forces necessary to close the

structures again.

Developing the twisting mechanism

a b

c

d

e

f g

1

2

3

4

127.

Exploded isometric view of the facade layers.

Close up of one of the apertures, open and closed.

The standard closed position is maintained by

a magnets, on the bottom fan piece, attracted

to a solenoid. When the switch is flicked,

the electricity changes the polarity of the

solenoids. This causes the magnets to be repelled

from their original position and simultaneously

attracted to the opposite one.

Exploded view of an aperture, detailing their

construction.

Plan view of the apeartures in the open position, plugging the holes in the facade pattern. This design requires only 3 different sized apertures.

Alternate aperture layouts considered. However, following the isometric pattern too closely would make the apertures too numerous and small to be feasible.

Elevation of open and closed apertures

Below: proposed location of apertures.

-prototype Development-

Electromagnet Aperture

Electromagnet Central pivot

Top fan piece fixed in place

Starched waterproof fabric

Chords space fans out equally

3.2mm acrylic ball- to

aid turning motionOppositely charged

electromagnet

Electric current through

piano wire supports

Bottom fan piece has different

magnets at each end

Dividers- fixed to the core

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

-

Top layer of façade made of

basswood, manufactured using CNC

technology

a

b

c

d

e

f

a

d

b c

e f g

3mm light gathering Perspex

129.

-Prototype Production-

Lase

r c

utt

ing

CN

C

Using a naturally occurring material like basswood

incurs certain limitations. For example, it is

unlikely that the wood would come available in

the expanses required to span the gap between

the bamboo bolts. Therefore, I have used the

prototype to tackle the issue of joining the

different pieces of wood. I have tried to adapt

traditional wood joints and wooden puzzles in

such a way as to add to the decorative effect and

texture of the façade surface.

1. Bees wax finish to certain areas- to add to

the different textures of the façade and add

a degree of protection for areas that may

incur more wear.

2. ‘[’ shaped pieces hook over the two separate

pieces of wood.

3. Wedges fill the gap needed for the ’[’ shaped

pieces of wood to pass through the structure.

The wedges can be pushed in further if time or

the excessive humidity warp the wood, ensuring

that the structure remains secure.

4. Light gathering sheet, allows the passage

of light but not the full extent of the solar

radiation

5. Etched finish further refracts the light

6. Traditional Indonesian wood carving

7. Basswood, available on the island of Java

Wood and Perspex

Photograph-

orthographic

view of perspex.

17 2323

4

4

6

5

5

131.

-Prototype Production-Electronic Mechanisms

Battery

Motor

+-

1

2The first aperture prototype revealed that, in order

for the fans to remain perpendicular, the elements that

make up the aperture axial needed to be fixed very close

together. This meant, despite having ball bearings to

aid the turning motion, the fans were too stiff for the

solenoid to operate, even before the addition of the

fabric.

Research into solenoids revealed the strength of the

magnetism could be increased by increasing the number

of coils and size of the iron core, however, this would

make them too big to be feasibly attached to each of the

small apertures.

The decision was taken, therefore, to adapt the prototype

to work with an electronic motor. The size of the motor

means that the design would have to be adapted so all the

apertures work from a single mechanism in each panel.

The motors need to turn 180˚ and then stop - if they

kept turning the delicate apertures could be damaged.

To make this happen I have used pressure switches. When

both switches are open, the circuit is complete (green

on the diagram). When the device hits a pressure switch

the circuit breaks, stopping the motor, until the switch

is hit again, when the device turns in the opposite

direction (closes) until it hits the opposing pressure

switch. The device oscillates between position & .1 2

a. First aperture prototype skeleton

b. Skeleton with solenoid fitted,

unable to turn

c. Electronic test to create a circuit

with pressure switches, capable of

oscilating back and forth 180˚

d. Diagram detailing the electronic

circuit

Switch

Solenoid

Ball bearing Pressure switch

Pressure switches

linked. When in the

open position, the

circuit is closed.

Moving fans

Closed circuit

Switches ganged together

a c

d

b

133.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Fabric Tests

1 2 3

7

5

4

6

135.

Material test to create waterproof fan like

structures capable of springing closed into the

original position.

1.Fabric option 1. Chosen as it was white and

would therefore contrast with the rest of the

façade. However, the material was too thick

to unfold and neatly fold back. It would also

require teflon treatment to make it waterproof.

Material 2. Thinner and already naturally

waterproof, it springs back into the folded

position.

The original adhesive hem (the fans are too

small to sew) reacted badly with the starching/

ironing, by deforming and fraying. Cutting to

the pattern was subsequently left until last.

Ironing/ Starching warps the fabric and in doing

so distorts the drawn pattern. The starching and

ironing must be done first, pattern applied and

then the folds only lightly ironed in.

Fold lines

Starch gives the material structural qualities

Fabric attached to the first iteration of the

aperture.


Adapting the laser cut pieces designed to work with the solenoid mechanism to one that works with the motor system required certain adaptations. There were also things that didn’t work as anticipated. The device works in principle, opening and closing the fans. However, the device is not turning the full 180˚. This seems to be as the adapted pieces (card pulleys, string, thin plastic guides) have too much ‘give’, bending and stretching so all the turning motion of the motor is not being translated into the device. Therefore, the next iteration will be accurately laser cut to the new specifications and the string will be replaced with nylon coated steel threads, which will not stretch or suffer from friction.

Bracing wire added. The pulling motion of the motor to the bottom of the device caused the aperture to bend in that direction rather than open.

Extra support required at the base of the structure. The thin acrylic base tended to snap when the motor pulled the mechanism open. This problem should be helped with the bracing but I also intend to make this portion of the device out of much thicker material.

Guide added, to stop the strings colliding with the pressure switch device as it turns. This too will need to be of a thicker material to eliminate bending, and will need orchestrating to work with lots of turning device as oppose to just 2.

Pressure switch

Card pulleys, improvised. These will need replacing with laser cut ones to ensure a more accurate turning motion. I will experiment with different size pulleys (currently the thinking is that by turning 180˚ the aperture will mirror this amount, however, it seems with the fabric attached that there may need to be more force exerted on the aperture device to make it open fully.

Another element was required to gather the fan pieces up to close the device.

a. 1st iteration of the aperture,

closed position

b. Detail view of adaptations to the axial

c. Device, as open as the current

system can make it

d. Pressure switch device

e. Proposed system of how the apertures

may work with only one pressure

switch device.

a

a

bc

d

efg

e

b

c

d

e

f

g

1st Iteration

a

b

c

d

e

137.

-Prototype Development 2-

a.Mechanism layer of the façade, apertures in

closed position

b.Mechanism layer of the façade, apertures in

open position

c. View of the façade layers together, apertures

open

d.Axles for the apertures

e.View of the necessary infrastructure to support

the mechanisms.

1.Waterproof fabric

2.Nylon coated steel cable

3.All controlled from a single motor & pressure

switch circuit

4.Copper wire added to help gather fans upon

closing

5.3mm perspex- less fragile than the previous

iteration.

Pressure Switches & Pulleys

a

b

c e

d

1

2

3

5

4

139.

Facade Prototype

The aperture devices incorporated into the façade

system

a. View of the façade from within the

theatres

b. Aperture detail

c. Plan view of the façade layers and

clamping detail

a

b

c

141.

-Building Delivery-

-Local & Financial Context-

The Citarum, most polluted river in the world, is the only water

source for 15 million Indonesians, the main supply of power

for the capitol, Jakarta, and the focus of Java’s agricultural

and textile industry.1

Within this context, Ciwalengke, the small village my project

is set is where the problems of the river are most acute, with

regard to its proximity to the polluting textile industry, lack

of infrastructure providing clean water and the subsequent

endemic health problems. As such, what is otherwise a relatively

remote and unheard of place has been, since the publication

of an article in the AFP, the ‘poster boy’ for the problems

faced by the many other villages along the river. A successful

project providing clean water here could prove to be a testing

bed for many other sites and a clear symbol for the Cita-

Citarum (client) campaign to clean the river.

The funding was supplied collaboratively, mostly from the

resources of the Cita-Cituram project, other government

programmes and a small proportion from philanthropic projects.

These bodies are detailed overleaf.

The Cita-Citarum as a client is in the position of being the

leading authority on the current problems facing the Citarum

and on the possible solutions. As such there would be a small

team installed within this operation to collaborate with the

architects. There are more than 80 other interventions Cita-

citarum is involved with along the river and sharing information

upon what has and hasn’t proved successful could safeguard the

project against many of the failures other projects to provide

clean water to rural areas have suffered.2 As a client with

many other projects, the team there would require regular

meeting with regard not only to design but budget, where there

is a dedicated cost control consultant present.

The profit from the theatre will mainly go back into the

running of the water treatment plant, whose costs should be

relatively low as electricity will be provided from the waste

in the river and there is a natural ventilation strategy in

place.

Information flow between the client, their sponsors and the

main design team.

Client

Small Team

Other Projects

Architect

Cost control consultant

CDMCo-ordinator

M&E ConsultantPlanning

Consultant

Local Residents

Environmental Engineer

Structural Engineer

FireConsultant

MasonryConsultant

AccessConsultant

Acoustic Engineer

Cita-Citarum

Cita-Citarum

Cita-Citarum

BAPPENAS

145.

1. Agence France-Presse 2012

2. Fauzan 2011

-Procurement-

Potential Funding and Benefits1

2

3

4

5

Asian Development Bank

Amid the global financial turmoil, the Asian

Development Bank announced in December it is

providing a $500 million loan to the Indonesian

government to clean up the legendary Citarum

River.

Cita-Citarum. Client

Over the past several years, Government

agencies and non-government organizations

(NGOs) participated in a series of dialogues

leading to the preparation of the ‘Citarum

Roadmap’. This is a strategic plan of priority

programs to improve water resources management

and restore the environment in the river basin.

Close to 80 interventions have been identified

with an estimated cost of approximately $3.5

billion, from various financial schemes;

government budget, private sector, also

communities contribution sequenced over a next

15-year time frame.

Arthur Guinness Fund

Supported by Guinness and the British Council,

this fund provides money for entrepreneurs

creating innovative projects that benefit society

or the environment in Indonesia.2

Volvic

Has the ‘1L for 10L Partnership’ with World

Vision; for every 1 litre of water sold in the

UK, 10 litres will be given to LEDC’s with water

needs.

Citarum Watershed Management and

Biodiversity Conservation

“The objective... is to achieve clean, healthy

and productive catchments and rivers, while

conserving globally and locally significant

biological diversity and bringing about sustainable

benefits to all people of the Citarum River Basin

through collaborative efforts between government

and the community”

‘Managing Village Water’- Achmad Uzair Fauzan

“ Cipta Karya estimates average water consumption for Indonesians is 144 litres per person per day”

1

3

4

5

144 litres

per day

Building caters for the entire kampung

Building cultivates endangered species.

$500 million

Has a pool of $3.5 billion

Providing for all the kampung’s water needs should save money on medical expenses in the village - the dyes in the water, that is currently unfiltered, being blamed for the endemic skin problems and more serious long term problems associated with the dissolved heavy metals.

Funding Paths

Outcomes

2

Anaphalis javanicaJavanese Edelweiss

The project has the potential to pre-

vent 25,9653kg of waste entering the

river and travelling downstream per

year.1

147.

1. Bocco 2013

2. British Council

-Planning Constraints-

As there is no overarching development plan for

the site in Indonesia, I have here assumed the

British regulations, which are more rigorous and

as such should satisfy any requirements BAPPENAS1

may have.

Being a separate building in an area not

designated as retaining historical significance,

there should be relatively few restrictions

to planning. However, there may be an issue

concerning the size of the project within the

scale of the village. As such it is recommended

that a planning consultant is appointed. They

will be responsible for liaising not only with

the BAPPENAS planning department but also the

local residents, upon whom the success of the

project ultimately depends upon. They will

provide BAPPENAS with pre-application information

to iron out any potential problems early on in

the scheme.

Possible Issues- pertaining to the UK National Planning Policy

Whilst there is ample unoccupied space on the north side of the river for

site offices, material delivery points and construction works, getting there

would require the construction of a temporary bridge over the river. This

is an element that could be prefabricated as much as possible. However,

placing it on the site will cause disruption to the ‘jalan Raya Desa

Sukamaju’ road that runs through the village.

In rural areas developments should “respect the character of the

countryside”.8 If this is found not to be the case, the gardens which are

already present in the scheme could be designed to play a more strategic

role in integrating the building within its rural context.

Transport- Plans can be refused on the grounds of the proposal creating

unsustainable transport situations.9 As a building that draws people on a

regular basis for the purposes of obtaining water and draws a large number

of people at once for the theatre performances, there will be a strategy

developed to allow adequate parking on the south side of the river as to

not disrupt the main road through the village. Priority will be given to

pedestrian and cyclist movements. The mixed use nature of the proposal is

a claim on this front.

Flooding risks. As the building is held high above the water level on

columns, the flood risk to the building is low and does not raise any of the

planning concerns connected to flooding outlined in the National Planning

Policy framework. However, in the construction phase flooding risk may be

increased for the surrounding buildings. Therefore care should be taken

to ensure that the column bases are constructed and dams removed before

the commencement of the ‘wet season’. It is likely that the scheme will be

subject to an ‘exemption test’.10

Noise and disruption during the construction phase to the adjacent mosque

may be an issue. Steps could be taken to choreograph the construction to

avoid prayer times. After completion, the waste-to-energy plant and other

disruptive services have been located underground to maintain the tranquil

environment.

The self-sufficient nature of the project and benefits to the

local residents (detailed on previous page) are a strong claim

for the project. It clearly satisfies 2 of the 3 dimensions

of what the government considers ‘Sustainable development’

to be composed of, namely the social and environmental roles.2

It is a ‘mixed use’ development, containing within it

recreational space, wildlife cultivation sites as well as the

industrial process of cleaning water. Such developments are

promoted by local development plans.3

The programme of providing water and a traditional theatre

satisfies the aim of “improve[ing] health, social and

cultural wellbeing for all, and deliver[ing] sufficient

community and cultural facilities and services to meet local

needs.”4

The creation of employment

Local plans are encouraged to “promote the retention and

development of local services and community facilities in

villages”5

The design should “respond to local character and history, and

reflect the identity of local surroundings and materials”6,

an aim in keeping with the BAPPENAS current trend towards

preserving vernacular traditions in Indonesia.7 As such, the

incorporation of vernacular features, in order to create

a naturally ventilated structure, should also help on the

planning front.

Set within the existing village, the project should not

encroach on anything that could be defined as a ‘green belt’.

Potential claims for planning premission

Potential issues in obtaining planning

149.

1. The Indonesian ‘National Development Planning

Agency’

2. Dept. for communities and local government 2012 p2

3. Ibid p6

4. Ibid

5. Ibid p9

6. Ibid , p15

7. Nas 2007 p42

8. Dept. for communities and local government 2012 p9

9. Ibid p10

10. Ibid p24

The client commissioned this project as part

of their larger government appointed brief to

reverse the current unsustainable situation

developing within the Citarum river basin over

the next 15 years. They have a responsibility

to “check the competence and resources”1 of all

those who they appoint. The client directly

appointed the architect and, as soon as possible

after the clarification of the brief, the other

consultants, establishing a direct contractual

link between the client and other parties

involved. This would make the relationships more

transparent should there be and later issues

relating to liabilities or fees.2 At the time of

their appointment they are informed of the extent

of the services they are required to provide and

this information forms part of the contract.3

Some of these appointed consultants are detailed

opposite.

The inception of the project began with the needs

of the community, and the working of the water

theatre depends largely on them, for example

choosing to dispose of their waste here in

exchange for clean water. As such, it is vital

to engage the community in the production of

the building, especially in the early stages,

to make sure they understand the project and to

ensure it would suit their needs. Other projects

in rural Indonesia have failed on exactly this

point, for example, in an attempt to bring power

to rural Java one initiative installed more than

60 windmills in 1995. By 1999, just ten of these

remained, a report concluding that “Generally,

the farmers were happy with the wind generated

water pumps, as long as they were working...

They were however not able to maintain or repair

the systems.”

The Water Theatre is a complex project requiring

detailed knowledge and understanding outside the

Architect’s sphere of expertise. As well as the

general consultants such as structural engineers and

quantity surveyors whose roles within the project

are detailed below, there is necessity to engage the

services of more specialised consultants, including;

Masonry consultant- on how best to achieve the

precise interlocking lava rocks

Fabric consultants- who will advise upon the best

way to achieve an enduring mosquito net façade and

waterproof fabric for the aperture devices.

Despite being appointed by the client, all consultants

report to the architects,6 as the lead consultant of

the project, and do not have permission to issue

instructions within their own field without first

addressing the architects.7

Quantity Surveyor

Oversees the financial aspects of the project. Their

responsibilities include;

The provision of initial cost advice early on in the

project.

The production of a more detailed cost analysis, the

‘Bills of Quantities’8 during the tender stage of

the project.

Perform an analysis of similar projects and local

building coss to determine the feasibility of the

proposed budget.9

If necessary, they will oversee the value engineering

of the project.

As such a quantity surveyor with a good knowledge of

the Indonesian market would be desirable, given the

large extent of materials sourced within Java.

Structural Engineer

Advises on all aspects of design with particular

reference to the foundations, lava columns, steel

cables and bamboo frames. Given the highly unusual

proposed structure and likely occurrence of seismic

activity, they should also advise on local site

conditions,10 for example to ascertain its ground

bearing capacity and identify whether the river

contains hazardous substances which may affect the

water theatre’s structural integrity.

They will also provide advice concerning the

temporary structures (bridge and dams) required

during the construction process.

The water theatre would benefit from a structural

engineer that has had experience working on large

scale projects in seismic regions.

M&E Engineers

Advise on the building services and how best to

integrate these into the proposal. They can provide

information on climatic conditions and energy use,11

and even hire sub-contractors to assist with this.

However, given the ambitious energy strategy the

building has proposed, the project is to have a

dedicated Environmental Engineer who will be a

consultant from early on in the project.

CDM Co-ordinator

The CDM co-ordinator will assist the client,

advising them on their duties and facilitating good

communication between them and the other parties

involved with the Water Theatre. They also have

responsibilities regarding health and safety,

preparing and updating a report throughout the

project. These duties all require a high level of

co-ordination with the other parties involved.12

The contractor, who constructs the building, should

also share the social and ecological values of the

project and have experience working on similarly

large scale projects within a tropical environment.

Under instruction from the architects, quantity

surveyor and structural engineer, the contractors,

again appointed directly by the client, on the

water theatre project are responsible for outlining

a detailed programme of the project. This can be

used to effectively prepare, for example, ensuring

that materials are ordered in ample time before

the relevant construction phase begins. Within

this programme dates will be supplied specifying

at which points details should be supplied by the

various consultants.13 The contractor also has a

responsibility for health and safety on site.

There will be a series of prefabricated trial

assemblages to ensure the elements work together

as intended and this will be used to inform the

programme schedule, ensuring its timing works in

sync with the Indonesian wet and dry seasons as

necessary.

Due to the two very different and specialised

structural systems (the lava rock columns and bamboo

frames) operating within the scheme the contractors

are likely to employ sub-contractors who specialise

in these areas. There is highly specialised knowledge

required in the area of bespoke façade production,

lava rock masonry and mosquito resistant fabrics.

-Roles within the Theatre-

Client

Community

Consultants Contractors & suppliers

The architects harbour a strong social and ecological

focus. The dedicated team working on the Water

Theatre have experience in making buildings with the

smallest possible energy demands within the tropics,

due to the ecological focus of the project and the

specific challenges associated with building in a

tropical environment.

The client appointed the architects, who are to

oversee the project from concept until completion

as both lead consultant and lead designer. The

responsibilities of the architect are;

Advise the client on the most suitable contract for

the project.

Develop the design brief.

Create planning and construction drawings that are

in accordance with current building regulations.

Co-ordinate and integrate the work of specialists

into the overall design.4

Address, and where possible, ‘design out’ health and

safety risks during the design process.5

Monitor quality control during the construction phase

-essential here due to the highly engineered façade.

This task has been made easier by the decision to

prefabricate as many of the components as possible.

Post practical completion services.

The architects must communicate with the other

supporting consultants such as engineers and planning

consultants, but in particular there should be a flow

of information between the architects and the client

Cita-Citarum (owing to the specialist knowledge the

client has concerning both programme and site) and

between architect and the local residents.

.

Architect

1. Health and Safety Executive 2007b

2. Chappell and Willis 2010, p164

3. Ibid p165

4. Lupton 2001, p5

5. Health and Safety Executive 2007c


7.Ibid

8. Lupton, 2001 p5

9. Ibid

10. Ibid p6

11. Lupton 2001

12.Health and Safety Executive 2007a


151.

-Procurement-

The legal framework or procurement formalises the

complex relationships, mentioned on the previous

page, into a network of bilateral contracts where

individuals are engaged in several.1 Different

projects favour different types of contract

depending on the client’s objectives - whether they

favour time, cost or quality when balanced against

each other. Frequently in the UK ‘cost’ has been

the determining factor in deciding a contract2;

however this has often resulted in undesirable

repercussions. Furthermore, the financial situation

of the Citarum project has been well publicised,

with critics claiming that “Saving the Citarum will

take more than money” and that, despite the vast

sums of money involved the project may still fail

because “there is no transparency, the project will

end up being a haven of corruption on a local,

national and international level.”3 There are

also considerations concerning public image. This

suggests that quality, and subsequently ensuring a

successful functioning Water Theatre, should be a

more significant determining factor. There will also

be the issue of time to contend with, as parts of

the construction, namely the dams, foundations and

water treatment infrastructure, should be ideally

completed within the Indonesian dry season.

As it is the architect’s responsibility to advise the

client which the most appropriate form the contract

would be, the following is a summary of the varying

contracts and their appropriateness for the project.

Since the procurement within this project does not

have any exceptional circumstances, a standard

form provided by the RIBA would be advisable.4 This

avoids the additional legal costs and potential

misunderstandings of bespoke contracts, for example

when it comes to insurance. Again, I have based

this on traditional British procurement methods and

assumed a similar critical framework in Indonesia.

This is an integrated approach, which

places the responsibility for the

design and the construction in the

hands of the contractor,7 who will often

continue detailing the design during

the construction. Due to the highly

complicated bespoke features of the water

theatre and choreographed nature of the

treatment center, details should be fully

resolved and tested before responsibility

is handed to the contractors. This makes

such a contract, and related ones such

as ‘design and construct’, unsuitable for

the water theater.

These contracts separate design and

construction,5 with the architect, who

is often the lead consultant, and other

members of the design team responsible

for designing, controlling the costs

and administering the contracts and

the contractors being responsible for

the construction, or ‘works’.6 This

arrangement tends to entail a better

control over the quality of the design and

is therefore an appropriate choice for

the project. However, as time is a more

pressing factor than cost, the project

could take advantage of the ‘Accelerated

Traditional Method’, starting work on

the monumental task of constructing the

lava columns whist the intricate bamboo

details are still being finalised.

Below: traditional contractual relationships,

adapted from ‘Which Contract’

Predicted radar chart for the Water Theatre

Client

Architect

Quantity

Surveyor

Consultants

Clerk of

Works

Contractor

Domestic sub-

contractors

Sub-

contractorsSuppliers

The client or contractor assumes central

management responsibility over both

the design and construction.8 This

arrangement implies more coordination

and with this “greater operational speed

and efficiency.”9 However, given the

overriding need for control over quality,

ideally by the architects as team leader,

and the fact that the management role in

this contract demands “a degree of highly

specialised expertise and experience in

setting up and managing operations which

most architect are unlikely to possess”,10

it is recommended that a traditional

contract would best suit the project.

Building Contracts TraditionalDesign & Build

Management

1. Clamp et al. 2007, p15

2. Ibid p25

3. Prijosusilo 2008

4. Lupton 2001, p216

5. Clamp et al. 2007, p31

6. Ibid p33


8. Clamp et al. 2007, p31.

9. Ibid p37

10. Ibid, p38

153.

-Risk Assessment- Construction

-Risk Assessment- Maintenance & UseHazard Persons at Risk Risk Control

Site

Malaria All on-site participants Offer the option of malaria resistance tablets to all persons who will work on site.

No work to be done at night- when the mosquitos are active.

All team members to be briefed on the early symptom warning signs of malaria.

Earthquakes All on-site participants Site to be equipped with newly developed early warning system, which will sound an alarm 30 seconds before the quake occurs.

All staff to be instructed on the emergency procedure, including securing tools, getting off scaffolding and if possible proceeding to the prepared safety area.

Drowning All on-site participants Climbing harnesses to be used throughout to ensure anyone falling does not fully fall into the water.

Safety boat present at all times.

Staff instructed on relevant safety procedures and how to use supplied equipment including ample throw lines.

When particularly precarious work is undertaken ensure buoyancy aids are worn.

Water borne diseases- (especially those associated with the high levels of a pollution associated with the Citarum)

All on-site participants All participants instructed to wash hands and face at the clean water provided in the temporary buildings upon contact with the water.

Protective clothing to be worn during dam construction.

Construction

Injury from bamboo scaffolding All on-site participants All poles treated with preservative methods and checked regularly for signs of damage or insect infestation.

Any scaffolding intended for use for longer than 1 month should be provided with a waterproof canopy.

All persons to be instructed on carrying poles in twos.

Helmets to be worn in designated construction areas.

Injury from falling objects All on-site participants

Spectators

Hard hats to be worn by staff.

Spectators to be kept at a safe distance- as much of the work as possible to be completed on the north (less occupied) bank.

Excavation risks All on-site participants Though the lack of infrastructure in the area means it is unlikely a water or gas pipe would be hit, a survey should be carried out to ensure this.

A fence should be erected around excavated areas.

Hard hats to be worn by all involved in the excavation.

Excavation equipment to be used only by adequately trained persons.

Materials stored at least 1.5m away from the edge of the excavation.

Excavation area should be amply supported.

There should be multiple ladder exits should the dam be breached or the excavation supports fail.

Equipment Failure All on-site participants All equipment to be checked before use and any that is suspect to be removed from the site.

Regular checks and maintenance.

Hazard Persons at Risk Risk Control

Maintenance

Falling when replacing structural members

Maintenance staff Due to the height of the structure (necessary to bridge the river and still allow passage of small boats) there

are considerable health and safety risks associated with falling from heights. Therefore great care has been

taken to ensure all maintenance can be completed from the inside of the structures. The facade elements are simply

clamped into place, able to be quickly unscrewed and removed as necessary.

Use

Falling from platforms All visitors, especially children Falling from walkways. As a public building that is likely to have children attending, balustrading has been used

throughout up to a height of 1100mm, to comply with Building Regulations Part K whereby there are no horizontal

rails and no gaps more than 100mm diameter, that a child could potentially use to climb with.

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-Bibliography Continued-

-Image Credits-

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Title Page

Image from personal collection.

Contents

All images from personal collection.

Unit 22 Brief and Focus


Introduction


Bappenas

1. Zulkifli, Z.Z., 2012. Sambutan. Logo. Sadu, Indonesia: Pemerintah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Available from: http://www.tanjabtimkab.go.id/v2/images/stories/logo-garuda_acehdesain.jpg [Accessed 15 April 2013].2. N/A3. From top to bottom:

Ose, J., 2007. Children stand in front of a pile of Afromosia, highly valued tropical hardwood, logged by SAFBOIS, that is waiting to be transported by Lomami River, tributary of Congo Rover, near the Village of Yafunga. Photograph. Paris: AFP. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200704/r138253_471791.jpg [Accessed 15 April 2013].

Home Decoration, 2011. Structural bamboo house design. Photograph. Home Decoration. Available from: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iIBfR4o2yps/ToFDvpqTXUI/AAAAAAAAAE8/eeL7M5BxBVY/s400/Structural-bamboo-house-design.jpg [Accessed 15 April 2013].

4. N/A5. Amended from Project of Capacity Development for Climate Change Strategies in Indonesia, 2011. Jica. Logo. Available from: http://www.greenclimateproject.org/images/logo-jica.gif [Accessed 15 April 2013].6. From top to bottom:

Manik, K., 2013. Pagaruyung Palace. Photograph. Boulder, CO: Pixoto. Available from: http://lh6.ggpht.com/eOfVaZCRqOSrB5V_0iB0ivFYNN3BMozCwxzvcRlkDm1LQiYI3l-t171euiko-yaKteexSqtHl-pzFmhLGWeOLcM=s285-c [Accessed 15 April 2013].

Kartapranata, G., 2010. Modern Minangkabau Indonesdian architecture, Matraman, Jakarta. Photograph. San Francisco: Wikimedia Commons. Available from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Modern_Minangkabau_Indonesian_Architecture%2C_Matraman%2C_Jakarta.JPG [Accessed 15 April 2013].

7. From top to bottom:

Mackin, L., 2012. Sumatran surili/mitered leaf monkey. Photograph. Los Angeles: Networked Organisms. Available from: http://lh5.ggpht.com/Y35vmFAirp6PLoT3nWw3MIG5l7vCqHsfGkTvcmQmfLG6JHX_8AJSlNAVKa9azo9y9QziBO_GydPb51nX_hEk=s1200 [Accessed 15 April 2013].

Blair, D. Javan hawk-eagle showing black crest. Photograph. Bowral, Australia: Auscape International. Available from: http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/FD/FD8E0504-3E30-4A3D-B812-EEEFB8987EEE/Presentation.Large/Javan-hawk-eagle-showing-black-crest.jpg [Accessed 15 April 2013].

8. Cita-Citarum, 2009. Logo Cita-Citarum. Logo. Jakarta, Indonesia: Citarum. Available from: http://www.citarum.org/download/Citarum_Logo_300dpi.png [Accessed 15 April 2013].

Additional picture:

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2013. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Logo. Jakarta, Indonesia: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Available from: http://www.menlh.go.id/wp-content/themes/Green_klh/_images/logo_klh_official_rgb_trans.png [Accessed 15 April 2013].

The Citarum River Basin

All images amended from:

Cita-Citarum, 2012. 22 hotspots in the Citarum river basin. Bandung, Indonesia: Cita-Citarum. Available from: http://www.citarum.org/upload/knowledge/document/22_Hotspots_in_The_Citarum_River_Basin_20120621.pdf [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Ciwalengke Village

a. Amended from Abdillah, F., 2011. Sungai @Desa Sukamaju. Photograph. Mountain View, CA: Panoramio. Available from: http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/47351388.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

b. Amended from Bos, P.R. and Niermeyer, J.F., 1935. Java, not to scale. Ocean City, MD: Orbat.com. Available from: http://www.orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/016_netherlands/maps/java.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].c. Sutton-Hibbert, J., 2010. In Sukamaju village, Ciwalengke, in Bandung district, Western Java province, Indonesia, Wednesday 27th October 2010. The residents of Ciwalengke have little access to clean water, as the water supplies of their viallge [sic] are contaminated by chemicals released into the waters by the nearby textile factories. Many residents complain of skin rashes and ailments due to the water. Photograph. Glasgow: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert. Available from: http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000FpkyqAGkXPA/s/600/600/20101027-Indonesia-5462.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].d. Sutton-Hibbert, J., 2010. Chemicals discolour the river water, released into the river by nearby textile factories. In Desa Padamulya village, in Majalaya sub-district, Western Java province, Indonesia, Wednesday 27th October 2010. Many residents of the area complain of the release of chemicals by textile factories into the river from which they obtain water. Photograph. Glasgow: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert. Available from: http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000eE28kUXt4W4/s/600/600/20101027-Indonesia-5498.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Majalaya Textile District

Both images from personal collection.

Site Plan


Climate of West Java

a. Amended from Nevis Public School. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Diagram. Nevis, MN: Nevis Public School. Available from: http://www.nevis.k12.mn.us/science/ITCZ.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].b. World Weather Online, 2013. Jakarta weather, Indonesia weather averages. Scottsdale, AZ: World Weather Online. Available from: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Jakarta-weather-averages/Jakarta-Raya/ID.aspx [Accessed 6 April 2013].c. Gaisma.com. Jakarta, Indonesia – sun path diagram. Diagram. Vuorentausta, Finland: Gaisma.com. Available from: http://www.gaisma.com/en/sunpath/jakarta.png [Accessed 6 April 2013].d. Amended from Roadmap Coordination and Management Unit and Program Coordination and Management Unit, 2011. Basin status map Citarum 2011. Bandung, Indonesia: Cita- Citarum. Available from: http://www.citarum.org/upload/knowledge/document/Citarum_Basin_Status_Map_2011.pdf [Accessed 17 March 2013].e. New York Post, 2010. Indonesians wade through flood in Bandung, West Java. Heavy rain triggered floods in parts of Java Friday, washing into thousands of homes and forcing residents to flee. Photograph. New York Post. Available from: http://www.nypost.com/rw/nypost/2010/02/19/news/photos_galleries/day_in_photos/croppes/APTOPIX%20Indonesia%20Flood133514--500x380.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Further Site Conditions

a. Personal collection.b. Kraemer, S., 2010. Mosquito-net façade defines tropical RRCasa on Brazil’s coast. Provo, UT: HomeDesignFind.com. Available from: http://www.homedesignfind.com/architecture/mosquito-net-facade-defines-rr-casa-designed-for-tropical-brazil/ [Accessed 17 March 2013].

Additional picture:

– Anxiety Clinic & Health Care. Limoncillo the lemon grass. Photograph. Makassar, Indonesia: Anxiety Clinic & Health Care. Available from: http://www.uncanxietyclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Limoncillo-the-Lemon-Grass.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Choreographing the Water


Water Treatment Diagram


Wayang Kulit

a. Nadera, I.B.M., 2009. Wayang Kulit performance. Painting. Toronto: Gustavo Thomas Theatre. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_UriVZi63N7E/SwtV_yYeGGI/AAAAAAAAEkY/3Pc0F8s8P1Y/s1600/Ida+Bagus+Made+nadera+Wayang+Kulit+Performance.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].b. Clockwise from top-left:

Karandaev, E., 2013. Lime juice bottle, ripe limes and mint. Photograph. Copenhagen: Colourbox.com. Available from: http://www.colourbox.com/preview/3648937-407917-lime-juice-bottle-ripe-limes-and-mint.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Agro Asia, 2012. Indonesia urges Japan to revise robusta standard. Photograph. Jakarta, Indonesia: Agro Asia News. Available from: http://www.agroasianews.com/sites/default/files/barista560.jpeg?1330431061 [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Lafayettedentist, 2012. Want to fight gum disease? There’s a tea for that. Photograph. Louisiana: Lafayette Dentist. Available from: http://www.lafayettedentist.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/green-tea-in-glass-cup.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Hey Brian?, 2012. Betel nut for sale at the weekend market, Thimphu, Bhutan – September 29, 2012. Photograph. Santa Monica, CA: Hey Brian? Available from: http://www.heybrian.com/lib/images/travels/bhutan/thimphu_betel_nut.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Ben, 2009. Royal rice cake house 3. Photograph. Vancouver, Canada: Chow Times. Available from: http://chowtimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Royal-Rice-Cake-House-3-600x400.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

ImageSource Premium. Indonesian fruit, vegetables and nuts. Photograph. Las Vegas, NV: visualphotos.com. Available from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/2x4746413/indonesian_fruit_vegetables_and_nuts_IS098U41U.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Lauw, H., 2012. Playing ceki. Photograph. Singapore: Hendra Lauw. Available from: http://www.hendralauw.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/2003-IDMaenCeki-0033-blog.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

c. Amended from Picoodle. Untitled. Photograph. Las Cruces, NM: Funky Llama. Available from: http://img34.picoodle.com/i327/23888144429m_53a31f0.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Additional image from personal collection.

Incense Gardens

Plan from personal collection.

Other images, from left to right:

Great British Chefs, 2013. Passion fruit recipes. Photograph. London: Great British Chefs. Available from: http://www.greatbritishchefs.com/getmedia/aa814232-6955-4d67-abae-3ee6d5329c77/Passionfruit-Website-Featured/?width=640&height=410&ext=.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Start. Start loving bamboo. Photograph. Ludlow, Shropshire: Start. Available from: http://www.startuk.org/media/187097/bamboo%20lead.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

-Image Credits Continued-Anxiety Clinic & Health Care. Limoncillo the lemon grass. Photograph. Makassar, Indonesia: Anxiety Clinic & Health Care. Available from: http://www.uncanxietyclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Limoncillo-the-Lemon-Grass.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

ESGREEN. Edelweiss. Photograph. Bellevue, WA: ESGREEN. Available from: http://esgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Leontopodium_alpinum_detail-480x360.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Chaikin, A., 2011. Here Arvin is inside with the flashlight aimed at the back of the flower. Photograph. Bellingham, WA: Ann Chaikin. Available from: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1b_IdNzQ8i0/Tmhf2jcJxDI/AAAAAAAAEM0/NGKihDdvyfs/s320/AMC_110907_H250488.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

MrClean1982, 2007. Passion flower in day glo. Photograph. Sunnyvale, CA: Yahoo. Available from: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/128/419476917_7668f7469a_m.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Nguyen, N., 2008. Passion fruit flower. Photograph. Sunnyvale, CA: Yahoo. Available from: http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3225/2483366534_4f167dddd6_z.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Ultraviolet Experiements


Indonesian Vernacular

a. Amended from Barch, J., 2012. Sumba House – Nusa Tenggara Timur. Photograph. Jakarta, Indonesia: Julie Sartoni. Available from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HlV1nVZ4CcE/T14RXMVM_SI/AAAAAAAAAOA/RGUOcNIQScY/s400/sumba+house.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].b. Amended from Leo, 2012. The main pagoda. Photograph. Three Fatasses on a Plane. Available from: http://threetaekwondodos.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/img_20120701_7483.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].c. Amended from ph, 2009. Travel in Indonesia: fascinating Tana Toraja culture of Central Sulawesi. Photograph. Grand Terrace, CA: Top Travel Leads. Available from: http://toptravelleads.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/sul26z.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].d. Amended from Renata, M., 2007. Omo Sebua, South Nias, Indonesia. Photograph. San Francisco: Wikimedia Commons. Available from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Omo_Sebua%2C_South_Nias%2C_Indonesia.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].e. Amended from May, J., 2010. Handmade houses & other buildings: the world of vernacular architecture. London: Thames & Hudson.f. Personal collection.g. From top to bottom

Warren, A. Komodo dragon. Photograph. London: Ardea wildlife pets environment. Available from: http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/3F/3FCCEE6B-4A8E-41ED-B3F7-B1670B2957D5/Presentation.Large/Komodo-dragon.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Seaman, R., 2007. I encountered this long-nosed whip snake up a tree at night ten meters or less form the tree frog I found at Alas Purwo national park. I found the snake the first night I was at this location and the frog on the second night, so chances are that there was no encounter between the two of them. In spite of appearances, it was probably resting when I appeared on the scene. Photograph. South Boundbrook, NJ: The Flying Kiwi. Available from: http://richard-seaman.com/Travel/Indonesia/Herps/AlasPurwoSnakeWideAngle.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

TamilNadu Agricultural University, 2013. Flood. Photograph. Coimbatore, India: TNAU. Available from: http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_disastermgt_flood_clip_image001.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Architectural Precedent

a. Happold, B., 2010. Model showing the roof’s intricate composition. Photograph. London: Building Design. Available from: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/Pictures/web/d/m/d/Nouvel_roof_layers_ready.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].b. Amended from TDIC, 2013. Blue sky thinking: the lattice-style roof of the museum will let natural light pour in. Photograph. London: Associated Newspapers. Available from: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/01/08/article-2258928-16CEC34E000005DC-696_634x481.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].c. ARTEFACTORYLAB. Atliers Jean Nouvel. Photograph. Paris: ARTEFACTORYLAB. Available from: http://www.artefactorylab.com/drupal/sites/default/files/24616/AJN%20Louvre%20AbuDhabi%20coupole%20rendu01.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].d. Aziz-m, 2012. Louvre Abu Dhabi by Jean Nouvel. Photograph. Sunnyvale, CA: Yahoo. Available from: http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7066/6934226187_ba4557c3b9_m.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].e. Miller, R., 2007. Adnouvel2. Photograph. Rueben Miller. Available from: http://reubenmiller.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/04/26/adnouvel2.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].f. Safeguard. Condensation on window. Photograph. Horsham, West Sussex: Safeguard Europe. Available from: http://www.safeguardeurope.com/images/condensation-window.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].g. Personal collection.h. V&A, 2012. Grinling Gibbons. Photograph. London: V&A. Available from: http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/sites/default/files/w.181-1928-_carving_1000px.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Early References

a. Bennylin, 2010. Borobudur Indonesia 2010 Bennylin 61. Photograph. San Francisco: Wikimedia Commons. Available from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Borobudur_Indonesia_2010_Bennylin_61.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].b. Anon, 1921. Bridge constructed of bamboo, Central Java, ca. 1921. Photograph. University of Washington Libraries. Available from: http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/getimage.exe?CISOROOT=/ic&CISOPTR=148&DMSCALE=100.00000&DMWIDTH=802&DMHEIGHT=580.61458333333&DMX=0&DMY=0&DMTEXT=&REC=1&DMTHUMB=0&DMROTATE=0 [Accessed 21 April 2013].c. Kotomicreations, 2008. Paper theatre. Photograph. Sunnyvale, CA: Yahoo. Available from: http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3200/2972320505_c5dd53bb8d_z.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].d. Midgelow-Marsden, A., 2012. Work/holiday? Mairangi Bay, New Zealand: Alysn’s Burnt Offerings. Available from: http://alysnsburntofferings.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/workholiday.html [Accessed 20 April 2013].e. Nomad, 2013. Water wheel in Indian field. Photograph. Drums, PA: Superstock. Available from: http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/4187/PreviewComp/SuperStock_4187-3903.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Additional image from personal collection.

Preliminary Studies


Design Development


1:50 Façade Model


[fold-out pathways page]


Structure

a. Personal collectionb. Ibid.

c. Finlayson, R., 2011. The ‘Tuned Mass Damper’ near the top of the 101-story [sic] ‘Tapei 101’ skyscraper. Photograph. Mountain View, CA: Ross Finlayson. Available from: http://photos.rossfinlayson.com/var/resizes/Trips/Taiwan-2011-11/DSC_0922.jpg?m=1321698926 [Accessed 21 April 2013].

All other images from personal collection.

Overall Structural Strategy


Environmental Strategy


Material Palette

Map from personal collection.

Other images, clockwise from top-left:

Badgley, C., 2010. Mosquito net. Photograph. Amherst, MA: Pipe(line) Dreams. Available from: http://www.pipelinedreams.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/mosquito-net-300x200.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Dandapani, 2012. Borobudur temple, Central Java, Indonesia. Photograph. New York: Vedic Odyssey. Available from: http://vedicodyssey.com/spiritualadventures/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/borobudur-temple-java-main-dome.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Start. Start loving bamboo. Photograph. Ludlow, Shropshire: Start. Available from: http://www.startuk.org/media/187097/bamboo%20lead.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Personal collection.

Saint Paul Minnesota. Landmark tree program. Photograph. Saint Paul Minnesota. Available from: http://www.stpaul.gov/images/pages/N4430//Basswood_MoundPark.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

V&A, 2012. Grinling Gibbons. Photograph. London: V&A. Available from: http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/sites/default/files/w.181-1928-_carving_1000px.jpg [Accessed 20 April 2013].

Walnut Hollow Country, 2013. Reversible basswood country round bases. Photograph. Drums, PA: Walnut Hollow Country. Available from: http://www.walnuthollowcountry.com/assets/2/14/DimRegular/Reversible-Basswood-Country-Round-Taxidermy-Base-Group1.png [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Fenn, A., 2011. Green glass. Photograph. Gandhinagar, India: Ripples on Reality. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IHRU0HjmpUs/TZmQa28mroI/AAAAAAAAACE/ojGdU9tC2m8/s400/green_glass.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Home Decoration, 2011. Structural bamboo house design. Photograph. Home Decoration. Available from: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iIBfR4o2yps/ToFDvpqTXUI/AAAAAAAAAE8/eeL7M5BxBVY/s400/Structural-bamboo-house-design.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Acoustic Strategy

Images 1-4 from personal collection.

Additional image:

Schust, R., 2013. Sonic Studio. Photograph. São Paulo: SUBdv. Available from: http://www.subdv.com/architecture/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SUBdV-2-950x1166.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Disabled Access


Means of Escape

a. Personal collection.b. Ibid.c. Ibid.d. Ibid.e. Todd, J., 2013. Lava rock oven. Photograph. Katy, TX: www.johntoddjr.com. Available from: http://www.johntoddjr.com/53%20Catemaco/images/03%20lavaoven.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].f. Foo, K., 2011. Black lava rock on a modern fire pit. Photograph. Toronto: Paloform. Available from: http://paloform.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/modern-firepit-topping-lava-rock.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].g. Lai, J., 2010. Pumice. Photograph. Vancouver: John’s Dictionary of Difficult Words. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mGSuHcdw0UY/TM_00BNB38I/AAAAAAAAB20/sC1wXqAv8vY/s320/moom-natural-pumice-stone-large.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Additional image:

1. Firequip, 2008. Conventional hard rubber wire reinforced suction hose. Photograph. Drums, PA: Firequip. Available from: http://www.firequip.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Firequip_TankFlex.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

M&E/Sanitation Systems


Construction Sequence


Long Section


Short Section


Plan Upper Floors

-Image Credits Continued-Image from personal collection.

Plan Lower Floors


Structural Strategy - Columns and Cables


Structural Strategy – Bamboo Frames [1]

1. Amended from Vo Trong Nghia, 2011. Details. Drawing. HouseVariety. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TlIXzlU1-JU/TntxXTXYJrI/AAAAAAABCz8/UMsKNlCZPUQ/s640/wNw+Bar+By+VO+TRONG+NGHIA%252C+LTD-details.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].2. Personal collection.3. Personal collection.

Structural Strategy – Bamboo Frames [2]

1. Personal collection.2. Bell, N. “Vascular bundles” on a cross-cut bamboo cane. The wood is stronger where the bundles are more dense near the outer skin of the culm. Photograph. North Plains, OR: Bamboo Garden. Available from: http://www.bamboogarden.com/Cane-storage4.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].3. Personal collection.

Detail - Foundations

a. Personal collection.b. The Climbing Rack, 2004. Edelrid Eddy belay device. Markham, ON: dbmOutdoors. Available from: http://dbmoutdoors.netfirms.com/theclimbingrack/nfoscomm/catalog/images/edelrideddybelaydevice.jpe [Accessed 21 April 2013].c. Personal collection.d. Ibid.e. Ibid.

Structural Strategy – Bricks


Detail – Façade Construction

Images a-f from personal collection.

Additional images:

CollingeAntiques.com, 2011. Vintage dress-maker’s dummy. Llandudno Junction, Wales: Collinge Antiques. Available from: http://www.collingeantiques.com/stock/vintage-dress-makers-dummy/ [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Detail – Floor Construction


Detail – Skylight


Detail – Umbrella Support


Energy


Materials and Longevity

Plan from personal collection.

Other images, clockwise from top-left:


Sutton-Hibbert, J., 2010. Chemicals discolour the river water, released into the river by nearby textile factories. In Desa Padamulya village, in Majalaya sub-district, Western Java province, Indonesia, Wednesday 27th October 2010. Many residents of the area complain of the release of chemicals by textile factories into the river from which they obtain water. Photograph. Glasgow: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert. Available from: http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000eE28kUXt4W4/s/600/600/20101027-Indonesia-5498.jpg [Accessed 6 April 2013].

Chalet & Bamboo Co, 2011. Bamboo soaking into running water. Photograph. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Chalet & Bamboo. Available from: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zexy-j12_Ko/TgW_JbO6ROI/AAAAAAAAAD0/Jzkx6Zw_jqs/s320/Soaking-Bamboo-Water.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].


Vizerskaya, O., 2011. Old damaged bamboo texture. Photograph. Seattle, WA: iStockphoto. Available from: http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/15992997/2/stock-photo-15992997-old-damaged-bamboo-texture.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Amended from IBM. Shaping our future. Photograph. Armonk, NY: IBM. Available from: http://www-07.ibm.com/innovation/au/shapingourfuture/images/video04.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Amended from brookebecker, 2011. Fresh bamboo stalk texture. Photograph. St Louis, MO: GL Stock Images. Available from: http://cloud.graphicleftovers.com/26387/710007/fresh-bamboo-stalk-texture.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Cooling Strategy


Controlling Solar Gain

1. From top to bottom:

Street-Porter, T., 2012. Specially commissioned marble jail for master suite. Photograph. United States: Style Court. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JU0knAiDKio/UOHYYdpFVtI/AAAAAAAAgjg/Diy3M9ku-qg/s400/jaliShangriLa_p047.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Edmunds, D. Wooden shadow puppets. Photograph. Chicago: Fine Art America. Available from: http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/wooden-shadow-puppets-dana-edmunds.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

2. Mintorogo, D.S. Surabaya’s solar radiation preferences to design: building façade, solar hot water heater, and photovoltaic. Surabaya, Indonesia: Petra Christian University. Available from: http://fportfolio.petra.ac.id/user_files/90-002/s%20Solar%20Radiation%20Prefrences%20to%20Design.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2013].3. Personal collection.

Prototype Concept


Pop Up Book


Prototype Development


Prototype Production – Wood and Perspex

1. Personal collection.2. Ibid.3. Ibid.4. Ibid.5. Ibid.6. From top to bottom:


Donsimon, 2010. Balinese wood carving. Photograph. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Depositphotos. Available from: http://static4.depositphotos.com/1011587/280/i/450/dep_2801258-Balinese-wood-carving.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

7. Personal collection.8. Ibid.

Prototype Production – Electronic Mechanisms


Prototype Production – Fabric Tests


Prototype Production – 1st Iteration


Prototype Development 2


Prototype 2nd Iteration


Procurement

1. Amended from Asian Development. Asian Development Bank. Logo. Provo, UT: India Transport Portal. Available from: http://indiatransportportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/asian-development-bank-150x150.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].2. Cita-Citarum, 2009. Logo Cita-Citarum. Logo. Jakarta, Indonesia: Citarum. Available from: http://www.citarum.org/download/Citarum_Logo_300dpi.png [Accessed 15 April 2013].3. Amended from Guinness, 2013. The Arthur Guinness Fund. Logo. Dublin: Guinness & Co. Available from: http://www.guinness.com/en-id/img/arthurs-day/agf-home-header.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].4. Volvic. Volvic. Logo. Puy-de-Dôme, France: Volvic. Available from: http://www.volvic-tourisme.com/images/sites/LOGO_VOLVIC.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].5. A, 2010. Edelweis never die. Photograph. Psychology in My Blog. Available from: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_kLTymfaIsmU/TMu_E3ju5RI/AAAAAAAAACw/S4awJrvFvM8/s320/Untitled-1G+copy.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

Additional images:

Roadmap Coordination and Management Unit and Program Coordination and Management Unit, 2011. Basin status map Citarum 2011. Bandung, Indonesia: Cita- Citarum. Available from: http://www.citarum.org/upload/knowledge/document/Citarum_Basin_Status_Map_2011.pdf [Accessed 21 March 2013].

Sutton-Hibbert, J., 2010. In Sukamaju village, Ciwalengke, in Bandung district, Western Java province, Indonesia, Wednesday 27th October 2010. The residents of Ciwalengke have little access to clean water, as the water supplies of their viallge [sic] are contaminated by chemicals released into the waters by the nearby textile factories. Many residents complain of skin rashes and ailments due to the water. Photograph. Glasgow: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert. Available from: http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000FpkyqAGkXPA/s/600/600/20101027-Indonesia-5462.jpg [Accessed 21 April 2013].

All other images from personal collection.

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