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Dr Lasse Siurala, director, Department of Youth, City of Helsinki
““Policy Makes a Difference: Making Education and Youth Engagement
Successful in Finland””
Inquiry to Impact Symposium 30 April 2007, Minneapolis
Millionth citizen (600 000)
President of FinlandTarja Halonen
Parliament men 116
women 84 (42 %)
Women in power
Government men 8
women 12 (60 %)
City council Rakel Hiltunen, chair
City Board Suvi Rihtniemi, chair
Helsinki City Youth Committee
Johanna Sumuvuori, chair
Social inclusion through youth work (Helsinki City youth service)
Early prevention
Targeted intervention Reintegration
Youth centres,
cultural youth work,
support to youth NGOs and action groups,
youth work in multimedia context,
counselling
street work,
work shops (production schools),
peer education,
integrating ethnic minorities,
support to youth in the net
multi-agency integration services for youth at risk,
projects for special groups,
Lasse Siurala: Youth transition and youth policy. Seminar on Canadian and international perspectives on youth at risk policy. Ottawa, December 12-13, 2006
The Anglo-American “justice model” and the Nordic “welfare model”
“Good social policy is best criminal policy” “Criminal sentences tend to increase liability to further
crimes”
In short, characteristic of the welfare model include:
low imprisonment rate, low crime renewal rate, low rate of criminality in general
strong role of child and youth authorities in dealing with law breaking youth
emphasis on universal social services and benefits high quality education system support to children, young people and families support to youth work and NGOs (youth, sport and
cultural)
Department of Youth, City of Helsinki
300 municipal professionally trained full-time youth workers 54 Youth Centres specialised services like Youth Information Centre, Media Centre, Cultural
Centre, Domestic Animal Farm, Theatre, Nature House, House of craft and visual arts, Traffic Education Centre, Youth Centre for Girls Only, indoor skating hall, 21 outdoor skate parks, camping islands, residential education centre, Virtual Youth Centre, Virtual Cultural Arena, LAN party facilities etc
Educational contests for amateur bands, street and show dance, theatre. Media art etc
Democracy education with the school Support to youth at risk 1.2 million visits Support to NGOs (about 420): subsidies for overhead costs, staff, rents,
camps and projects, free of charge use of youth centres, camping islands, training centres and photocopying and lending audio-visual and camping equipments. 100% funds for 8 NGOs to run Youth Centres.
Budget 24Me (2007)
Mikko Salasuo: “Atomised generation”,
City of Helsinki Urban Facts, research series 2006/6
“[the atomised generation] forms a particle-like mosaic, constantly moving in the shivering field of cultural phenomena. It is characterised by the freedom and the demand of choice. It does not have a linear direction, in a way it has stopped in constant change.”
Leena Suurpää Editorial Young 2007 15: 5-7. [PDF]
Henk Vinken
New life course dynamics?: Career orientations, work values and future perceptions of Dutch youth Young 2007 15: 9-30. [Abstract] [PDF] [References]
Barbara Stauber
Motivation in transition Young 2007 15: 31-47. [Abstract] [PDF] [References]
Marian Ådnanes
Social transitions and anomie among post-communist Bulgarian youth Young 2007 15: 49-69. [Abstract] [PDF] [References]
Trees Pels and Mariëtte De Haan
Socialization practices of Moroccan families after migration: A reconstruction in an ‘acculturative arena’ Young 2007 15: 71-89. [Abstract] [PDF] [References]
Lena Adamson, Laura Ferrer-Wreder, and Jennifer Kerpelman
Self-concept consistency and future orientation during the transition to adulthood Young 2007 15: 91-112. [Abstract] [PDF] [References]
"I'm interesting in politics"
21
25
33
39
44
46
54
66
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Finland
United Kingdom
Switzerland
United States
Italy
Chile
Slovak Rebublic
Cyprus
“The Mayor’s Forum”
Our mission is to help young people become
active citizens through support to NGOs,
measures to promote participation and
through empowerment of youth at risk.
Mission and Strategic ObjectivesMission and Strategic Objectives
Our strategic objectives are to support
participation and social reinforcing of the
young people.
Education enrolment in OECD countries 2004
Number of years at which over 90 % of the population are enrolled
Age range at which over 90 % of the population are enrolled
Age of pupils at the beginning of full-time compulsory education
Age of pupils at the end of full-time compulsory education
France 15 3-17 6 16
Japan 14 4-17 6 15
Finland 13 6-18 7 16
Netherlands 12 5-16 5 18
United States
11 6-16 6 17
Mexico 9 5-13 6 15
Turkey 6 8-13 6 14
Lähteet: OECD. Education at a Glance. OECD Indicators 2006Oppivelvollisuuden alkamisikä: Key Data on Education in Europe 2005 (EU-maat) lukuvuosi 2002-2003, muut maat eri lähteitä.
School and youth work joining forces
• School councils• Youth participation in
the Youth Centres • Regional Panels• Local Youth Councils• The Mayor’s Forum
Civil Society SupportCivil Society Support
One central mean of promoting active citizenship is to support the activity of non-governmental youth organisations and non-organised youth groups.
Over 400 youth organisations and youth groups with 30 000 young people under the age of 25 use the Civil Society Support services during the year.
We provide them with facilities and monetary support which enable the regular functioning of the organisations. We support the activity of the organisations by offering training. We promote the principles of sustainable development.
Civil Society SupportCivil Society Support
The services include:
Subsidies ((1 016 470 €)•General subsidy •For staff •For camps •For projects
18 premises for 20 organisations having regular and wide range of activities
Other services and facilities•All the Department’s premises free of charge•Two training centres and Bengtsår Camping Island•Photocopying and publication making workshop•Audio-visual and camping equipment lending•Counselling in handicrafts•Environmental services by Nature House
Youth Centres run by organisations and Partnership Centres•Kaleva Youth Association, Helsinki YMCA, Tapanilan Erä (sport organisation), Kalliola Youth (settlement youth), Helsinki Minijellonat (children’s organisation of the Coalition Party), Helsinki Nuoret Kotkat (Young Falcons in Helsinki)
The process of deviancy The role of youth work
Frustration
(Social pressure theory)
Disengagement
(Control theory)
Learning
(Learning theory)
Labelling
(Labelling theory)
Offering rewarding experiences in daily life: self-realisation through young people´s own cultural productions
Providing informal control and social capital: engaging young people as active participants in NGOs, youth centres, action groups, net communities etc
Offering an alternative: street work, week end activities, night basket ball
Seeing youth as a resource, not as a problem: combating stereotypic images of youth, providing ”other knowledge”
Lasse Siurala: Non-formal learning and social inclusion. Conference on policy and practiceFor social inclusion of children and young people. Berlin, November 14-16, 2006