Feed Conversion – Species Comparison and What’s
The Potential for PigsNoel Williams
Introduction
• Feed Conversion Dynamics
• Species Comparisons
• Opportunities for Pigs
Benchmark Against Who?
Whole Herd Beef Feed Conversion• Feed Usage
– Bull = 45 lb/day/25 calves/year = 657 lb
– Cow = 32 lb/day = 11,680 lb
– Feedlot Steer = 6.0 F/G 550-1,250 lb = 4,350 lb
– Total =16,687 lb
• Pounds Produced– Bull = 2,000 lb/100 calves = 100 lb
– Cow = 1,225 lb/7 calves = 175 lb
– Feedlot Steer = 1,250 lb
– Total = 1525 pounds
• Feed Conversion = 16,687/1525 = 10.94 F/G
Benchmark Against Who?
Lucky it Tastes Good !
Days and Calories Conversion to 5.0 Lb. Live Wt.Agri Stats Vital Signs 1992 through 2010
4042
4446
4850
5254
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
Day
s to
5.0
Lb
s.
24002500
26002700
28002900
30003100
Cal
Co
nv.
/ liv
e L
b.
Days to 5.0 Adj. Cal Conv./Live Lb.
Broiler Comparison
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium
White Meat YieldAgri Stats Vital Signs 1994 through 2010
13.0%14.0%15.0%16.0%17.0%18.0%19.0%20.0%21.0%22.0%
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Wh
ite
Mea
t %
of
Liv
e W
t.
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium
Average Broiler Live Weights
6.0 + 18%
3.6 - 4.4 33%
4.4 - 5.2 21%
5.2 - 6.0 28%
6.0 +
46%
3.6 - 4.4 26%
4.4 - 5.2 12%
5.2 - 6.0 16%
2000 2009
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
Poultry Comparison - 260 lb pig
Actual Feed Conversion by Specie –Swine WTF
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
J07 J08 J09
Broiler Turkey Swine
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
Poultry Comparison
Actual Calorie Conversion by Specie –Swine WTF
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
J07 J08 J09
Broiler Turkey Swine
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
Top 10 %
Poultry Comparison
% Eviscerated Yield by Specie
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
J05 J06 J07 J08 J09
Perc
en
t
Broiler Turkey Swine
2% Δ
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
Poultry Comparison
Actual Feed Cost/Ton by Specie
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
J05 J06 J07 J08 J09
Broiler Turkey Swine
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
Poultry Comparison
Actual Feed Cost/Yielded lb. by Specie
10
15
2025
30
35
40
4550
55
60
J05 J06 J07 J08 J09
cen
ts/y
ield
ed
lb
Broiler Turkey Swine
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved (Presented at 2010 PIC Symposium)
PIC337RG x Camborough Pigs Feed Conversion – Cumulative From On Test
1,556 Kcal ME Diets
350 lb. Market Wt. in 2016:2.56 GF FCR
350 lb. Market Wt. in 2016:2.56 GF FCR
350 lb. Market Wt.2.69 GF FCR
350 lb. Market Wt.2.69 GF FCR
Benchmark Comparison(260 or 290 Pound Pig)
Agri Stats Data, All Rights Reserved, Presented at 2011 PIC Symposium
Drivers are Carcass Growth Rate Efficiency and Mortality
What’s Commercial Potential Today ?
Table 1. Sow Production Performance and Feed Usage Per Weaned Pig (52 Week Period Through May 2011)a
. Criteria Result
Farrow Rate, % 95.3
Number of Sows Farrowed/Week 271
Average Total Born 14.0
Average Live Born 13.3
Average Weaning Age 20.6
Pre-Weaning Mortality, % 6.9
Pigs Weaned/Mated Sow/Year 31.1
Average Weaning Weight, lb 14.7
Lbs Gestation Feed Per Day 5.6
Pounds Lactation Feed Per Day 14.2
Pounds of Feed Per Weaned Pig 71.5
Pounds of Feed Per Pound of Weaned Pig 5.04
aCamborough Sows. Energy specifications (ME, NRC): Gestation = 1395 Kcal/lb and Lactation = 1460 Kcal/lb
Criteria Result
Average Start Weight, lb 14.7
Average sale Weight, lb 282.1
Average Carcass Weight, lb 215
Mortality + Culls, % 3.2
Daily Gain, lb/day 1.78
Daily Feed Intake, lb/day 4.08
Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.29
Whole Herd Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.43
Table 2. Wean to Finish Performance and Whole Herd Feed Conversion (52 Week Performance Through May 2011a
aCamborough x 337 Sired Pigs. Energy Specifications (ME, NRC): 1512 kcal/lb, Lysine:Energy = 3.08
Feed per Dozen Eggs (Lbs.)Agri Stats Vital Signs 1988 through 2010
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Year
Lb
s.
of
Fe
ed
Table 3. Commercial Product Performance for Cobb 500 Broilers and Nicholas 85 x 300 Commercial Turkeys
Criteria Nicholas 85 x 300a Cobb 500b
Weight Started, lb .31 .09
End Weight, lb 33.0 8.01
Mortality, % 4.1 6.2
Age At Slaughter, days 126 56
Average Daily Gain, lb/day .261 .141
Average Daily Feed Intake, lb/day
.679 .290
Feed Conversion, lb:lb 2.60 2.05
Whole Flock Feed Conversion, lb:lb
2.61 2.11
aNutrient Specifications: Energy Specifications (ME, kcal/lb) = 1518; Lysine:Energy = 3.5bNutrient Specifications: Energy Specifications (ME, kcal/lb) = 1421; Lysine:Energy = 3.77
What Are The Opportunities ?
GNX Program EnhancementsGNX Program EnhancementsFIRE Test Implemented in May 2010FIRE Test Implemented in May 2010
Enhanced Differentiation
• Pedigreed commercial pigs– Terminal– Maternal
• Heavy slaughter weights– Approximately 290 lbs.
• Low energy, pelleted diets
Genetic Trends for Feed Conversion RateTerminal Product Development
-0.18
-0.16
-0.14
-0.12
-0.1
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
05Q4 06Q1 06Q2 06Q3 06Q4 07Q1 07Q2 07Q3 07Q4 08Q1 08Q2 08Q3 08Q4 09Q1 09Q2 09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3
Date off-test
FC
R E
BV
L15
L27
L62
L65L15 Trend = -0.0398
L27 Trend = -0.0283
L62 Trend = -0.0242
L65 Trend = -0.0292
5-yr Annual Change
Genomic Selection
Initial Implementation of New Era of Genetic Technologies
L27 Adjusted Crossbred Feed Efficiency Genetic Trend
Manage FCR Disruption as PossibleManage FCR Disruption as Possible
Disease (ADG, FCR)
MortalityMortality (1.0% = 0.052 FCR)(1.0% = 0.052 FCR)
Systemic Inflammatory DiseaseSystemic Inflammatory Disease
• HPS, FLU, MYC (PRRC,
PCVAD)
• FCR 0.13-0.26 ∆ (3-4 Wk
window)
• FCR 0.05 ∆ (Finish Close)
• Harsh Nurse Vaccines + FLU
Weaning Stress has Long-term
effects (Livability, ADG) (Moeser; Pluske)
Others: Nurse length, Pen Mass near mkt
Feed Conversion Efficiency: NutritionFeed Conversion Efficiency: Nutrition
Nutrition advances going Forward –
Cargill’s Ingredient value system is accessible (NE, SID Amino acids)
Powerful FCR Tools on Hold: Pellets w. 300 u Corn, FAT
Enzyme Technology to access ‘unavailable’ Energy, Amino
acids. Phytase release of Nutrients emerging.
Others have been disappointing !
Value of FCR Increases with Rising Diet CostValue of FCR Increases with Rising Diet Cost
What is 0.01 change in FCR Improvement worth ?What is 0.01 change in FCR Improvement worth ?
$200 USD per US Ton
$220 USD per US Ton
$300 USD per US Ton
Feed Input Lbs Per Pig SoldSow 102.7GDU, Cull 47.2Nursery 76.9Finish 620.4TOTAL 847.2
Lbs OutputPig Gain 269.0Cull Sows 11.3TOTAL 280.3
WH-FCRExpectedExpected 3.0223.022
Manage Each FCR ComponentManage Each FCR Component
2010 - 2015
THE FUTURE IS A STRUGGLE BETWEEN:
• CHICKENS
• CONSUMERS
• GRAIN DEMANDS
• OUR OWN LEADERSHIP
• FINALLY
A TOTAL DISGUST FOR THE STATUS QUO