93
Welcome to Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Welcome to
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Dr. Prapit WongtiemBreeding & Biotechnologist
RYFCRC/FCRI/DOA
Situation and Utilization of Cassava
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
(RYFCRC)
Cassava Released Varieties
In Thailand
Mission- Research and Development- Technology transfer- Services
Out line
Utilization of cassava
Attractions in Rayong
Situation of Thailand
Situation of World
Situation of World
Situation of cassava in the World
The importance of cassava• Cassava is an important food crop in the world no. 5
• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries Specific countries; Africa and South America
• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava
Food Animal feed Other benefits
Production (percent) 60 27.5 12.5
Situation of cassava in the World
Vietnam3%
Indonesia6%
Thailand6%
Congo11%Angora
5%
Other30%
Nigeria19%
Brazil9%
India1%
Mozambique5%
Ghana5%
Harvested area in each country (2011)
Situation of cassava in the World
1. Nigeria: 52.40 Million tons
2. Brazil: 25.44 Million tons3. Indonesia : 24.01 Million tons
4. Thai: 21.91 Million tons
2011, Thailand is no.4 of the world: Production of cassava 21.91 million tons
Situation of cassava in the World
Marketing of cassava in 2011
2011, Demand increased from a year ago due to Producing countries in Asia have promotion policy
about the cassava production for renewal energy
Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have promotion policy use cassava starch instead cereal starch imports
Situation of cassava in the World
Exports of cassava, 2011
Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56% of all market
Subordinate viz Vietnam and Indonesia have share of the market about 9.73% and 2.42% respectively
Situation of cassava in the World
Cassava export country
Quantity: tons
Situation of cassava
Cassava export country
Value (thousands of U.S. dollars)
Tha
iland
Vie
tnam
Indo
nesi
a
Bra
zil
Chi
na
Nig
eria
Oth
er
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Situation of Thailand
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Thailand is a important producer of cassava in the world. Cassava of Thailand used to the export
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Situation Marketing year 2013Consumption and the demand for cassava.
Year 2013 demand for domestic increase from a year ago because cassava can be used in a variety of industries including the production of ethanol. Expected to use cassava. As raw material in
the production increase as well
Year 2013, exporting increase from a year ago, because cassava yield increased and the demands of the market in the form of cassava chips and cassava starch increased continuously
The Exports
Situation Marketing year 2013
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Situation Marketing year 2013
Factors affecting the export of cassava chips in Thailand
Due to cassava chips exports of Thailand. Have been found to have a lot of dust
So, Thailand should find solutions and prevention
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics
In 2014, expected harvested area is decreased from a year ago, because the farmers turn to grown maize and sugarcane instead but the production increased from a
year ago about 1.69%
particular 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Harvested area (million rai)
Production (million tons)
Yield (tons)
7.10
21.91
3.09
7.91
26.60
3.36
8.14
28.28
3.66
7.99
28.76
3.60
*estimates
Year 2014. Expect exporting increase from a year ago about 8%, because, Chinese market has a high demand for cassava starch
The Exports
Situation Marketing year 2014
Situation of cassava in Thailand
Situation of cassava in ThailandOpportunities and Impacts of AEC
towards Cassava in Thailand
The risks of competition in ASEAN market towards Thai cassava
• Cassava yield per rai in Thailand is lower than Cambodia’s and Indonesia’s• Cost and profits of Thai cassava farmers• High fluctuation of the cassava root prices
Source: TTTA
Opportunities of Thai cassava in ASEAN market• Areas and the production of cassava• The exports and the productions of cassava
Attractions in Rayong
Rayong is here
Attractions in Rayong
Samet Islands
Far from here about 40 km. and By boat for 40 minute
Attractions in Rayong
Rayong Aquarium
Far from here about 34 km. (near Ban-Phe Market)
Attractions in Rayong
Mae-Pim BeachFar from here about 53.6 km.
Attractions in Rayong
Ban Phe MarketFar from here about 40 km.
Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RYFCRC)
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
RYFCRC is here
DOA and FCRI
Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RYFCRC)
• area 600 rai
• In Rayong Province, eastern of Thailand
• Research on cassava
• Under control of Field Crops Research Institute, Department of Agriculture
Research and Development
Tissue CultureGerm plasm
Characterization
Tissue Culture
Somatic embryogenesis
Tissue Culture
Breeding & Agronomy
F1 seeds
F1 seedling Fertilization.
Breeding & Agronomy
Evaluate F1 yield trait
Selection F1 cassava: Good shape and high yield
Seedling field
Soil conserve & improve
green manure
Soil erosion
Plant protection
Pests and Diseases
• Pests and diseases begin to cause severe problems espectialy
• mealy bug (Phenacoccus manihoti )
• cassava bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
manihotis)
They can cause total loss of young cassava plants.
Plant protectionDiseases
Cassava anthracnose disease(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)
Cassava bacterial blight(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)
Brown leaf spot (Cercospora henningsii)
Root rots (Phytophthora drechsleri, Pythi
um spp., Sclerotium sp.)
Plant protection
These diseases can be controlled in various ways
• Planting resistant or tolerant varieties• Selecting healthy and diseases free planting materials• Removing and burning any infected plants if present
Plant protection
Plant protection
Insect pests of cassava in Thailand
Plant protection
mouth part
body part- size 100-400 micron - body part
- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs
- mouth part - sucking type mouth part
Life cycle of spider miteegg
Lavar Nymph 1
Nymph 2
Adult maleAdult female
Plant protection
Life cycle of whitefly
Plant protection
Striped Striped Mealy Mealy bugbug
Jack Jack Beardsley Beardsley Mealy bugMealy bug
Madeira Madeira Mealy Mealy bugbug
Pink Pink Mealy Mealy bugbug
Plant protectionbunchy topbunchy top die backdie back
stem is densestem is dense
SympSymptom tom of of
damadamagesges
low Yieldlow Yield
Plant protection
The common insect pests are- red mite (Oligonychus biharensis)- red spider mite (Tetranychus truncates, Ehara)- striped mealybug (Firrisia virgata, Cockerell)- whitefly (Dialeurodes spp.) - black scale (Saissetia miranda)
Most of them infest plants during the dry season or during periods of prolonged drought and cause severe damage to the young plants of susceptible v
arieties
Parasite Predators
Anagyrus sp.
Natural enemies
MaleMale
Anagyrus Anagyrus lopezilopezi
FemaleFemaleNatural enemies
Postharvest
Technology transfer
Services
- Soil analysis
- Plant analysis
- Distribution of predators for insects control
Cassava Released VarietiesIn Thailand
14 Released Varieties
Rayong 1 Year Released 1975
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails22 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 13.6 t/ha
Starch content 18-24 %
Rayong 2 Year Released 1984
Sweet type for human consumption
Moderately high yield 19 t/ha
Low starch content 14 %
Rayong 3 Year Released 1984
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 19.9 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
11.8 t/ha Starch content 23-28 %
Rayong 60 Year Released 1987
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 26.5 t/ha
Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha
Starch content 18-25 %
Rayong 90 Year Released 1991
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trials 24.8 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha
Starch content 24-29 %
Rayong 5 Year Released 1994
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails 25.6 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 18.1 t/ha
Starch content 22-27 %
Rayong 72 Year released 2000
Avg. fresh roots yield from 108 trails 31.6 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 25.0 t/ha
Starch content 20-25 %
Rayong 7 Year released 2005
Good for late rainy season
Avg. fresh roots yield 39.0 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %
Rayong 9 Year released 2006
High ethanol yield 180 l/ton of fresh root
Avg. fresh roots yield 30.6 t/ha
Starch content 24-30 %
Rayong 11Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 27.7 t/ha
Starch content 26-32 %
Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 26.6 t/ha
Starch content 22-28 %
Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha
Starch content 25-30 %
Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 31.25 t/ha
Starch content 27.3%
Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 45.13 t/ha
Starch content 26.3 %
Hanatee
Low starch content
The variety for eat
Should not harvestage 10 exceed month
Utilization of cassava
Industrial application of cassava product
• The direct consumption•Cassava chip industry•Cassava pellet industry•Cassava starch industry
Utilization of Cassava
• Used as a direct human food
• Used as fodder
The direct consumption
• Fresh roots- Used as food in the household such as steamed, grilled or processed into flour and used to make various types of foods as well as leading to slice a thin sheet (Chip) and fry
• Leaves- Used as human food eaten as a vegetable, by boiling the beef chili (steamed), cooked as a soup
Used as a direct human food
Human foods
• Fresh roots - Used as fodder both the fresh root, residue of the flour and the bark of roots
• Leaves- Used in fresh leaves by drying and ground into a powder and then mixed with animal feed
• Stems- Used as fodder by cutting the stem portion and mixed with fresh leaves used to feed ruminants and dried roughage
Used as fodder
Fodder
• By cutting the fresh roots into small pieces and then drying
• Use as raw materials in animal food industry or cassava pellet
industry • Ethanol industry• Alcohol industry
Cassava chip
Cassava chip and cassava pellet industry
Cassava chip and cassava pellet used as fodder
Ethanol products
Alcohol products
• Textile industry• Plywood industry• Paper industry• Industrial adhesives• Food and Drink• Materials decompose naturally• Sweeteners industry• Citric acid industry• MSG industry• Medicines
Divided into:
Cassava starch industry
•Used as a lubricant between the movement of the yarn looms outside the procedures of this fabric• Flour to help make printed regularly
Textile industry
Textile industry
• The flour used as an ingredient in making plywood glued, it have property to make a thick, strong and durable• Starch mixed make glue is cheap
Plywood industry
• The paper making requires a surface with the glue of flour to make smooth paper and also into the pores of the fiber paper to makes the paper does not absorb ink when writing with ink or printing• Moreover, the glue of flour to make sticky
paper even more
Paper industry
• Because the flour when heated or chemicals are sticky and stable, so used in industrial adhesives
Industrial adhesives
Glue products from cassava
• Because, the cassava flour have a high carbohydrates, when use to make the foods it to help the thicker, stabilizer, binder and filler
Food and Drink
• Plastic made from cassava flour when filled with biodegradable natural polymer. It can be used to make
materials to replace plastics
Materials decompose naturally
• Cassava starch were used to make - glucose - fructose- lactose - salbital - and instead of sucrose in canned fruit, jams and more
Sweeteners industry
Sweeteners products from cassava flour
• Cassava starch were produced to citric acid, which a raw material used in the beverage industry,
including sparkling water, fruit juices, energy drink and used in the pharmaceutical industry
Citric acid industry
• Cassava starch is an important raw material in the production of MSG. Which is commonly consumed
Monosodium glutamate
MSG industry
• Cassava starch were used as a diluent in drug capsules and tablets
Medicines
Thank you all for listening and attention
wongtiem_prapit@yahoo.
comhttps://
www.facebook.com/Tissue Culture
Of Rayong Field Crops Research Center
For more information
