Dr. Ralf Schüle Senior Consultant and Project Co-ordinator Wuppertal Institute - RG II:

Challenges and Solutions for Central and Eastern European Countries

Analyses on the National Energy Efficiency Action Plans

Dr. Ralf SchüleSenior Consultant and Project Co-ordinatorWuppertal Institute - RG II:Energy, Transport and Climate Policy

IPM8 - 8th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Friday, 7th November 2008, Budapest, Parliament of Hungary

7 Nov. 2008 IPM8, Budapest 2

Overview

Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role of the ESD

Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency Policy in CEE

National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as Exercise and Indicator

Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of Energy Efficiency Policy

1

2

3

4


Overview





1

2

3

4



Energy and Climate Package 2008 and futher three strategies by 2020: ETS and Kyoto-

Targets Energy Efficiency

and CHP Renewable

Energies

1

2

3

4

Climate Policy

Energy Policy Technology Policy

Target 2: 20% PE-Savings vs. BAU

Target 3:20% of REN

Target 1: 20% Reductions in

GHG-Emissions vs. 1990

ESD-Directive

CHP-Directive Cars-Directive

EuP-Directive EPBD-Directive

EE Action Plan

REN-Directive

Fuel Quality Directive

CCS-Directive

SET-Plan

Effort Sharing Com.

ETS-Directive



Energy Efficiency and Energy Service Directive (ESD) requires MS to adopt aim to achieve an overall national indicative reduction

target in end-energy use of 9% by 2016 (... for the 9th year of application ...)

to submit three (National) Energy Efficiency Action Plans (NEEAPs): 2007, 2011, 2014

Only a few formal requirements are given in the ESD: Calculation of national indicative annual energy savings target adopted for 2016 (GWh)

and national intermediate indicative annual energy savings target adopted for 2010 (GWh) Displaying energy efficiency improvement programmes, energy services, and other

measures planned for achieving the target

Measures and strategies complying with the provisions on the exemplary role of the public sector, and the provision of information and advice on end energy efficiency on end users.

1

2

3

4



Strenghs of the ESD ...

„framework directive“ in which regulations of other directives (EuP, EPBD), can be embedded

With the publication of NEEAPs, we currently have an illustrative and impressive collection of measures that enables international mutual learning among MS ...

(... despite high variation of level of information provided)

Forces MS to develop action plans and display strategies and to monitor effects of measures

1

2

3

4



... and weaknesses

Additionality: ESD does not mention that energy savings counting towards the 9 % target must

be in addition to energy savings from autonomous changes EU Action Plan for Energy Efficiency obviously expects strong contribution from

ESD (and other recent Directives): „new policy“ leading to new and additional energy savings compared to autonomous changes and even previous policy

Early action/early savings: ESD allows that effects of measures initiated in a previous year not earlier than

1995 can be taken into account in the calculation of the annual energy savings.“ (Annex I, ESD)

What is meant: ‘Early measures’?

(e.g., building code from 2005 and still in force in 2008 - 2016) or Early energy savings‘?

(e.g., from energy-efficient building constructed in 2005)

1

2

3

4


Overview





1

2

3

4


Final Energy Consumption in selected MS 1995-2005in Mio t OE

Source:

EUROSTAT

1

2

3

4

0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00 250,00

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Estonia

Latvia

Lithuania

Hungary

Poland

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

France

Germany

Sweden

United Kingdom

2005

2000

1995


Baseline Projections(in ktoe)

1

2

3

4

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Transport

Industry

Residential

Tertiary

Source:

PRIMES (2006)


Energy Intensity of Selected MS in 2005(kgoe per EUR 1 000 of GDP)

Source:

EUROSTAT

McKinsey0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800

EU-27

Euro area

Bulgaria

Romania

Estonia

Lithuania

Slovakia

Czech Republic

Latvia

Poland

Hungary

Slovenia

Sweden

United Kingdom

France

Germany

Austria

USA (2004)

Japan (2004)


CO2-Emissions per Capita(kg per capita)

Source: NEEAPs, ESD Potential Study

- 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000 14.000 16.000

EU-27

Estonia

Czech Republic

Poland

Slovenia

Slovakia

Bulgaria

Hungary

Romania

Lithuania

Latvia

France

Germany

Sweden

United Kingdom

Source:

EUROSTAT


ESD-Target and Economic Potentials

ESD Target vs. Economic Potential (HPI)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Hungary

Poland

Romania

Slovenia

Germany*

Sweden

UK

Savings Potential [ktoe]

Target for 2016

Economic Potential(HPI)

Source: NEEAPs, ESD Potential Study* lower value of two values given in plan






1

2

3

4


National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE

Plans reflect the significance (and the respective conditions) of energy efficiency policy in member states: one group of countries has already gathered large experience

with the development, implementation and evaluation of measures,

Another group predominantly aims at establishing basic institutional structure and supporting framework conditions

1

2

3

4



Different types of policy packages 1. Packages for end-users of energy

(private housholds, companies, state authorities ...)

1

2

3

4

En

d U

se

r Informatione.g. Inform. Campaigns, Labelling, Certificates,

Auditing

Advice and Consultancy

e.g initial advice

for buildings Regulatione.g. Energy Standards

for Buildings and Appliances

Funding and Financing

Subsidies for building retrofitting, investments

in ee technologies

Institutional Measures

e.g. energy agencies


National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CES and NMS

Different types of policy packages 2. Packages for „supplier“ of services

1

2

3

4

En

d-U

sers

Informatione.g. Inform. Campaigns, Labelling, Certificates,

Auditing

Advice and Consultancy

e.g initial advice

for buildings Regulatione.g. Energy Standards

for Buildings and Appliances

Funding and Financing

Subsidies for building retrofitting, investments

in ee technologies

Institutional Measures

e.g. energy agencies

Networks + Voluntary AgreementsLTA between

Industry and Gov‘t

Market Based Servicesand Instruments

e.g. energy performance contractingEducation and

Quality Assurance

„Su

pp

lye

r“


National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE: Types of Measures

Information, Advice and Consultancy In most NEEAPs, public information campaigns or activities targeting at the information of end-users

are annouced.

Poland and Romania announces a large information campaign on rational energy consumption in the housing sector

EPBD: Audits and Building Certification (BUL, PL, ROM, LIT) in the housing sector

ESD: Smart Metering in collaboration with ESCOs (BUL)

EuP: Labelling of household appliances and lighting (CZ, HU, PL, ROM)

Innovative approach:

Ireland: Power of One campaign (broad array of comminication channels and sectors covered)

Austria: klima:aktiv Initiative

(link to loan programmes)

Innovative approach: linking mandatory advice with funding (Germany)

1

2

3

4

Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™ Dekompressor „“

benötigt.



Regulation: EuP: Standards of boilers and technical appliances (BUL, PL)

EPBD: Minimum requirements of old and new buldings (BUL, CZ, HU, PL)

Mandatory introduction of energy management in large energy users (HU, PL)

Guarantee of maximum and minimum indoor temperature in the residential sector (BUL)

Innovative approach: dynamisation of standards (for building regulations, top runner)

1

2

3

4



Funding and Financing Most of CEC have already implemented (or will implement) energy efficiency (credit)

funds in the residential, industry, service sector: e.g. BUL, HU, POL, ROM)

Additional funding

through compensation funds: REECL credit line (BUL)

through EU Structural fond (HU/PHARE)

through GEF/UNDP energy efficiency programme (PL/Krakow), ROM

Innovative Measure:

Combination of funding with quality assurance and advice

Tax rebates for companies having committed to reduction targets (e.g. in a LTA)

1

2

3

4



Education and Quality Assurance: Only a few CEC and MNS mention education and quality assurance of

„suppliers“ of services explicitly

Example:

Checking of boilers (CZ),

Information campaign on training and education (PL)

Training of municipalities (HU)

Innovative approach: Funding only when certified advisors and consultants have guaranteed the quality of the measure, e.g. the installation of a Solar Thermal Heater (City of Hamburg)

1

2

3

4



Industry Networks and Voluntary Agreements: Underrepresented in CEC and NMS

Examples:

EE consultation network (HU),

VA on Audits (HU),

System of voluntary undertaktings (PL)

White Certificate Scheme (Poland)

Innovative approach: Tax Rebates given in companies having joined the LTA (Finland), White Certificates Scheme

Market-based approaches and services: Underrepresented in NEEAPs

Establishing regulatory framework for contracting, offering of contracting seminars (ROM)

1

2

3

4

Member State

Austria 1 measure

Belgium (Flanders)

Belgium (Wallonia+BRX) Wallonie yes, BRX no

Bulgaria

Cyprus 1 measure

Czech Republic Energy act

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland 4.7%

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

UK

ESCOSs

Involvement of Role of

Energy-Services



1

2

3

4

Member StateInvolvement of

ESCOSs

Austria 1 measure

Belgium (Flanders)

Belgium (Wallonia+BRX) Wallonie yes, BRX no

Bulgaria

Cyprus 1 measure

Czech Republic Energy act

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Ireland 4.7%

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

UK

Role of Energy-Services



Industry Networks and Voluntary Agreements: Underrepresented in CEC and NMS

Examples:

EE consultation network (HU),

VA on Audits (HU),

System of voluntary undertaktings (PL)

Innovative approach:

White Certificate Scheme (Poland)

Tax Rebates given in companies having joined the LTA (Finland), White Certificates Scheme

Market-based approaches and services: Underrepresented in NEEAPs

Establishing regulatory framewok for contracting, offering of contracting seminars (ROM)

1

2

3

4


National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE: General Remarks on Sectors

1

2

3

4

Buildings/Residential Sector Regulatory approach (according to EU Directives)

Focus on establishing a funding structure

Focus on multi-family houses

Social aspects (energy poverty)?

Industry and Service Sector Focus on establishing a funding structure

Networks and voluntary agreement

Transport Sector „weakest part in the chain“

Transport sector not or not adequately addressed

Focus on improving the transport infrastructure

„soft measures“ (Information etc.)



Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency Policy in CEC and NMS



1

2

3

4


Main methodological problem in NEEAPs: Assessing the relationship between potentials, targets calculated and measures assessed ex ante or ex post

Calculation of Energy Savings Targets

Energy Savings Potentials in Sectors(national studies, sectoral

studies, ESD Potential Study)

Assessments of Effects of Measures

by BU ond/or TD Methodologies

Conclusions

?


Conclusions From diversity to harmonisation

Harmonisation of evaluation methods (EMEEES) MS need support from the EC and partners in other MS to

establishish capacities Harmonisation of NEEAPs (template) for 2011

From plan to implementation MS to implement/monitor and improve EEI measures displayed in the NEEAPs Stakeholders and actors in MS can evaluate and control the state of implementation Further measures are required to achieve energy savings beyond

baseline Savings achieved by natural development (e.g. NEEAP CZ) need to be excluded in

NEEAPs II

1

2

3

4


Conclusions

Overcoming obstacles: Power relations in market creation

In which sense are stakeholders in energy (supply) sector „open“ for energy efficiency issues? In what sense can structures, institutions and markets focusing on energy efficiency can be

established?

Developing the Potentials Innovative measures:

Dynamisation of standards (e.g. front runner principle, combined with subsidies,

progressive building standards for new and existing buildings etc.) Introduce performance based standards and measures

(measuring the „real“ savings) Strengthen labelling and marketing approaches

Energy efficiency as part of the Energy Security Strategy in the EU and in MS.

1

2

3

4


Vision

1

2

3

4

Ford T prototype of innovation Innovative was automatised mode of

manufacturing its parts and the organisation of the production process

the key of the success: promise of unlimited mobility and the promise of the automobilisation of the world.

Efficiency 2020

Equivalent vision for energy and resource efficiency is needed, NEEAPs are a first small

step to develop such a vision throughout Europe.

Thank you for your attention!

Dr. Ralf Schüle Wuppertal Institute

for Climate, Environment and Energy ++49/(0)202/2492-110

[email protected]

Date post:	28-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	kiele
View:	47 times
Download:	0 times

Dr. Ralf Schüle Senior Consultant and Project Co-ordinator Wuppertal Institute - RG II:

Documents