Date post: | 18-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 222 times |
Download: | 6 times |
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection
Presentation of
Dr. Stephan Wimmers
Director Research and Technology Policy, Science Policy, Innovation Policy
European Clusters and Regions for Eco-innovation and Eco-
investments Network – Assembly of the Regions
June 1st 2007, Stuttgart
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection
Content
1. Introduction - what is meant by Eco-Innovation?
2. Investment Data for the Regions
3. Success in Reduction Environmental Burdens
4. Remarks on Regional State Aid and Eco-Innovation
5. Policy Recommendations
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - what is meant by Eco-Innovation?
Bundesland Total Investment – millions of Euro in 2005
Investment into Environmental Protection – millions of Euro in
2005
Baden-Württemberg 7.992,5 167,1
Bayern 9.095,0 224,8
Berlin 836,1 11,0
Brandenburg 872,4 29,8
Bremen 514,2 3,9
Hamburg 1.040,8 45,0
Hessen 2.442,9 56,8
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 403,6 7,1
Niedersachsen 4.154,6 100,5
Nordrhein-Westfalen 9.020,7 294,8
Rheinland-Pfalz 2.036,7 86,0
Saarland 813,4 23,5
Sachsen 3.062,4 38,7
Sachsen-Anhalt 1.458,2 57,3
Schleswig-Holstein 807,7 38,0
Thüringen 1.061,9 20,3
Deutschland 45.613,1 1.204,4
Source: http://www.statistik-portal.de
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - what is meant by Eco-Innovation?
• Do these numbers really reflect the effort of enterprises in environmental protection and sustainable development?
Assumptions for the presentation
• It is a basic intention of Enterprises to produce with low costs in order to maximise profits or to be competitive.
• Enterprises fell a strong incentive to minimise the use of input factors in production.
• This incentive is stronger the higher input prices are.
• Enterprises Innovation effort often aims to minimise the use of input factors.
• Enterprises have an in-built environmental protection incentive.
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
What does Innovation mean?
• According to the definition of Joseph Schumpeter innovation is
– introduction of a new good or of a new quality of a good.
– introduction of a new method of production.
– opening of a new market.
– conquest of a new source of supply of raw materials or half-manufactured goods.
– carrying out of a new organization of any industry.
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - what is meant by Eco-Innovation?
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
Which innovations contribute to Environmental Protection?
• Environmental Technology Goods
– Impact: User firms reduce environmental burdens
• Environmental Protection in Production Processes
– Impact: Reduction of environmental damages/use of resources within companies
• Product-integrated Environmental Protection
– Impact: Products with less environmental burdens
• Environmental Protection Service Companies
– Impact: Higher Efficiency and Quality in Customer Firms processes concerning environmental Protection
• Supporting Environmental Protection Industries
– Impact: Environmental Technology firms get access to Environmental Technology and Products
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
Which innovations contribute to Environmental Protection?
• Environmental Technology Goods
– Impact: User firms reduce environmental burdens
• Environmental Protection in Production Processes
– Impact: Reduction of environmental damages/use of resources within companies
• Product-integrated Environmental Protection
– Impact: Products with less environmental burdens
• Environmental Protection Service Companies
– Impact: Higher Efficiency and Quality in Customer Firms processes concerning environmental Protection
• Supporting Environmental Protection Industries
– Impact: Environmental Technology firms get access to Environmental Technology and Products
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - what is meant by Eco-Innovation?
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Data sources used:
• Annual Data from the Business Cycle Analyses of the 81 Chambers of Industry and Commerce among 25.000 Enterprises.
2. Data from the National Statistical Office
3. Data from Hamburg Institute for Economic Research (HWWA)
4. Data from the Deutsche Bundesbank
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Business Investment into Environmental Protection - Share of enterprises in Germany's Bundesländer 1
0
5
10
15
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Baden-Württemberg Bayern Berlin Brandenburg
Bremen Hamburg Hessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Investment into Environmental Protection - Share of enterprise in Germany's Bundesländer 2
0
5
10
15
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz Saarland
Sachsen Sachsenanhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Investment into Innovation - share of enterprise in Germany's Bundesländer - 1
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
55,0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Baden-Württemberg Bayern BerlinBrandenburg Bremen HamburgHessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Investment into Innovation - share of enterprise in Germany's Bundesländer 2
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-Pfalz
Saarland Sachsen Sachsenanhalt
Schleswig-Holstein Thüringen
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Investment into rationalisation - share of enterprise in Germany's Bundesländer - 1
20253035404550556065
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Baden-Württemberg BayernBerlin BrandenburgBremen HamburgHessen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Investment into rationalisation- share of enterprise in Germany's Bundesländer - 2
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Niedersachsen Nordrhein-Westfalen Rheinland-PfalzSaarland Sachsen SachsenanhaltSchleswig-Holstein Thüringen
Source: DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg 0,36799374 0,02124958
Bayern 0,73544311 0,48485059
Berlin 0,48391291 0,54725466
Brandenburg 0,94451917 0,71538209
Bremen 0,56704179 0,51022701
Hamburg 0,88165819 0,63513605
Hessen 0,5396931 0,65970028
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern -0,13713348 0,39417252
Niedersachsen 0,44477102 0,55831217
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,41262456 0,47108447
Rheiland-Pfalz 0,84914205 0,68075553
Saarland -0,45034171 0,25762453
Sachsen 0,30288738 0,24560947
Sachsenanhalt -0,37900813 0,0070559
Schleswig-Holstein 0,71428302 0,56251296
Thüringen 0,73466193 0,78168143
The correlation of the price index for Energy-related raw materials and investment into environmental protection between 2001 and 2006
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
The correlation of the price index for non Energy-related raw materials and investment into environmental protection between 2001 and 2006 -
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg 0,36799374 0,13541939
Bayern 0,73544311 0,54087656
Berlin 0,48391291 0,2341717
Brandenburg 0,94451917 0,89211646
Bremen 0,56704179 0,32153639
Hamburg 0,88165819 0,77732116
Hessen 0,5396931 0,29126864
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern -0,13713348 0,01880559
Niedersachsen 0,44477102 0,19782126
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,41262456 0,17025903
Rheiland-Pfalz 0,84914205 0,72104222
Saarland -0,45034171 0,20280766
Sachsen 0,30288738 0,09174077
Sachsenanhalt -0,37900813 0,14364716
Schleswig-Holstein 0,71428302 0,51020023
Thüringen 0,73466193 0,53972816
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
The Correlation of the price index for Energy-related raw materials and investment into innovation between 2001 and 2006
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg -0,14577235 0,34906696
Bayern 0,69631213 0,87067722
Berlin 0,73976663 0,88715758
Brandenburg 0,84580263 0,86590644
Bremen 0,71430176 0,36285804
Hamburg 0,79695423 0,90097166
Hessen 0,81221936 0,8407489
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 0,6278316 0,78782388
Niedersachsen 0,7472029 0,89838998
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,68635593 0,80495233
Rheiland-Pfalz 0,82507911 0,95700782
Saarland -0,50756727 0,94334366
Sachsen 0,49559002 0,25255082
Sachsenanhalt -0,08399938 0,00487107
Schleswig-Holstein 0,75000864 0,98766284
Thüringen 0,88412749 0,76188285
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
The Correlation between the price index for non Energy-related raw materials and investment into innovation 2001 to 2006 -
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg -0,14577235 0,02124958
Bayern 0,69631213 0,48485059
Berlin 0,73976663 0,54725466
Brandenburg 0,84580263 0,71538209
Bremen 0,71430176 0,51022701
Hamburg 0,79695423 0,63513605
Hessen 0,81221936 0,65970028
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 0,6278316 0,39417252
Niedersachsen 0,7472029 0,55831217
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,68635593 0,47108447
Rheinland-Pfalz 0,82507911 0,68075553
Saarland -0,50756727 0,25762453
Sachsen 0,49559002 0,24560947
Sachsen-Anhalt -0,08399938 0,0070559
Schleswig-Holstein 0,75000864 0,56251296
Thüringen 0,88412749 0,78168143
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
The Correlation between the price index for non Energy-related raw materials and rationalisation investment 2001 to 2006 -
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg -0,36224797 0,13122359
Bayern 0,0234291 0,00054892
Berlin 0,6106284 0,37286704
Brandenburg 0,9022908 0,81412869
Bremen 0,27014402 0,07297779
Hamburg 0,5942713 0,35315838
Hessen 0,47597393 0,22655118
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 0,11290809 0,01274824
Niedersachsen 0,64363812 0,41427003
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,6311019 0,39828961
Rheiland-Pfalz 0,65849483 0,43361544
Saarland -0,516254 0,2665182
Sachsen -0,89521674 0,80141301
Sachsenanhalt -0,11942924 0,01426334
Schleswig-Holstein 0,71946962 0,51763654
Thüringen 0,6642601 0,44124147
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
The Correlation between the price index for non Energy-related raw materials and rationalisation investment 2001 to 2006 -
Bundesland Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of determination
Baden-Württemberg -0,36224797 0,13122359
Bayern 0,0234291 0,00054892
Berlin 0,6106284 0,37286704
Brandenburg 0,9022908 0,81412869
Bremen 0,27014402 0,07297779
Hamburg 0,5942713 0,35315838
Hessen 0,47597393 0,22655118
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 0,11290809 0,01274824
Niedersachsen 0,64363812 0,41427003
Nordrhein-Westfalen 0,6311019 0,39828961
Rheiland-Pfalz 0,65849483 0,43361544
Saarland -0,516254 0,2665182
Sachsen -0,89521674 0,80141301
Sachsenanhalt -0,11942924 0,01426334
Schleswig-Holstein 0,71946962 0,51763654
Thüringen 0,6642601 0,44124147
Source: DIHK/Deutsche Bundesbank, calculation by DIHK
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Investment Data for the Regions
Bundesland Number of Enterprises listed in UMFIS - 2007
Baden-Württemberg 1168
Bayern 1960
Berlin 453
Brandenburg 317
Bremen 105
Hamburg 159
Hessen 747
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 239
Niedersachsen 556
Nordrhein-Westfalen 1617
Rheinland-Pfalz 334
Saarland 102
Sachsen 833
Sachsen-Anhalt 622
Schleswig-Holstein 385
Thüringen 430
Deutschland 10027
Database of German companies involved in environmental technologies and services
– Information System of the German Chambers of Industry and Commerce -
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Success in Reduction of Environmental Burdens
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, Umweltökonomische Gesamtrechnungen 2006
Economic-Based Use of Environmental Resources between 1995 and 2004 (2005) in % in Germany
-0,2
-10,2
-17,7
8,5
-7,3
-5,9
-17,3
-37,1
-66,4
-26,7
-41
0
-17,7
-3,2
29
14
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
1
GDP (2005)
Depreciation (2005)
Working Hours (2005)
Waste Water
NH3
NMVOC
NOx
SO2
CH4
N2O
CO2 (2005)
Greenhouse Gases
Area for Location and Traffic
Water
Raw Materials (2005)
Primary Energy (2005)
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Success in Reduction of Environmental Burdens
World Market Shares in Environmental Protection Products and Technology 2003
Others; 31,30%
Germany; 18,80%
France; 6,50%
Italy; 8,40%
England; 6,50%
Japan ; 10,10%
USA; 18,40%
Source: Legler, H., Gehrke, B. u.a. (2005): Zur technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands, Hg.: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Berlin
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Remarks on Regional State Aid and Eco-Innovation
Can regional state aid improve the willingness of firms to invest
into eco-innovation?
• Compared to total investment into environmental protection regional state aid funds seem to be at very low level in West German Bundesländer.
• The share of state aid funds that is dedicated for eco-innovation in business firms seems to be very low.
Some Chambers of Commerce confirm that there are some state aid funded projects which lead to higher eco-innovation.
The impact of regional state aid on eco-innovation is limited.
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection - Remarks on Regional State Aid and Eco-Innovation
Will the new state aid regulations of the EU increase the
willingness of firms to invest into eco-innovations?
• Market introduction costs for SMEs are usually high.
• The Risk of Failure in introducing eco-innovations is high for SMEs.
It is much to early to assess the impact of the changes of the new state aid regulations.
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental Protection – Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations 1
• Increase Knowledge about Risks of Economic Activities for People and Environment before regulation is adopted.
• Promote Self-Regulation of Firms and Market-Based Policy Instruments.
• Existing Policy Instruments (Eco-Tax, Regulations, Subsidies for Re-newables etc.) should be coordinated.
• Check all Environmental Protection Regulations concerning the Impact on the International Competitiveness of Enterprises.
• Support SMEs in increasing Energy Efficiency.
• Extend Energy Research
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental - Protection Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations 2
• The strongest Impact on Eco-Innovation is the Demand of the Consumers.
• If Consumers demand for Eco-Efficient Products the Firms will produce them.
• Due to higher costs Eco-Efficient Products are usually expensive compared to other Products.
• A Price Increase has always to effects: a substitution and an income effect.
• Will Consumers buy Eco-Efficient Products when they can buy cheaper alternatives?
In a world of globalization with open access to markets German enterprises that produce eco-efficient products have to compensate higher costs for eco-innovation by other competitive advantages.
Competitive advantages can be for example: advanced production technologies, advanced R&D, high skilled employees, perfect infrastructures, perfect business locations, low tax burdens, low red tape burdens.
Dr. Stephan Wimmers, June 1st, 2007
The Contribution of Innovation to Environmental
Thank you very much!