Dr. Waseem AnwarDr. Waseem Anwar

Education in PakistanEducation in Pakistan

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Contents

PART - I

• Definition of Education

• Constitution of Pakistan

PART – II

• Education Scenario

• Education Policy

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Definition of Education

The definition of education in common

usage, that education is merely the

delivery of knowledge, skills and

information from teachers to students, is

inadequate to capture what is really

important about being and becoming

educated.

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The proper definition of education is

the process of becoming an

educated person.

Being an educated person means

you have access to optimal states of

mind regardless of the situation you

are in.

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Constitution of Pakistan

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory

secondary education within minimum possible period”

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Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence,

standard of education & Islamic education

Concurrent Legislative List:

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PART – II

EDUCATION

SCENARIO

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Human Development Index

Country Ranking

(out of 177 countries)

2005 2006 2007

Iran 99 96 94

Sri Lanka 93 93 99

Maldives 96 98 100

India 127 126 128

Bhutan 134 135 133

Pakistan 135 134 136

Bangladesh 139 137 140

Nepal 136 138 142

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Literacy Rates

Literacy Definition(As in 1998 Census)

“The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any

language”

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Literacy Rates

• PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67

%,Female = 42%) Province

Literacy Rate

• Punjab= 60.2%

• Sindh = 57.7%

• NWFP = 49.9%

• Balochistan = 48.8%

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Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115Secondary 25,090 10,550

14,540British System 281 11 270NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857Universities 116 59 57Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831Vocational 3,059 916 2,143Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879TOTAL 227,791 151,77(67%) 76,019

(33%)

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Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type # of Institutions Urdu English SindhiOthers

Total 227,791 14806 2277 3416 22779

Public 151,744 103,186 3,035 33,384 12,139

Private 76,047 43,347 21,29 3,521 9,886

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EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

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Challenges

• Weakened Governance−Fragmentation −Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier

Relationships• Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers• Quality of curriculum, textbooks &

exams• Low level of literacy• Out of school children• Dropouts

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Challenges

• Public Private Partnership• In-adequate financing• Gender Equity• Poor monitoring & evaluation• Imbalance in primary, middle &

secondary schools• Inconvenient school location

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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

• Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education

• Promotion of Equity

• Minimum National Standards

• Relevance to Labour Market

• Sector Planning

• Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018

• Encourage Private sector

• Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education

• Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity

• Donor Harmonisation

• Overcoming Fragmented Governance

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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

• Bridging the Public Private Divide

• Improved Examination System

• Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education.

• Achieve the MDG goals.

• All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level

• Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.

• High priority to reducing drop out rates

• Improved school environment

• Career Counselling at higher secondary level

• Develop national literacy curriculum

• Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

• Pre-service & in-service teacher training• Accreditation and certification of teachers • Merit based teacher recruitment, professional

development, promotions & postings• Curriculum development • Competitive publishing of textbooks and

learning materials• District Education Boards to be established for

managing schools• Separate management & academic cadres

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Non-Development Development Total

1. Ministry of Education 1,824.426 3,122.459 4,946.885

2. Higher Education

Commission

7,045.608 9,104.436 16,150.044

(Rs. in million)

Allocation of Funds to Education:Year 2009-10

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education

a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris) 1449.000

b. Education Sector Reforms Program 800.00

c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan

AJK and FATA

170.510

d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU 84.670

e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) 71.530

f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah 50.000

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g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur 50.000

h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges

45.000

i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Schools

40.000

j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to

reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)

39.329

(Rs. In million)

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1. Tripartite Partnership:1. Tripartite Partnership:

The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized.

2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:

3. Provision of Free Textbooks:3. Provision of Free Textbooks:

4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl Students:Students:

5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural Areas.Particularly in Rural Areas.

Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

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6. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Female 6. Teacher’s Status and Recruitment of Female Teachers:Teachers:

Better status and pay for teachers.

Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level.

7. Improvement in Learning Environment:7. Improvement in Learning Environment:

Better infrastructure through School Management Councils.

8. Technical / Vocational Education:8. Technical / Vocational Education:

It is important to provide demand related skills.

9. Instructional Methods:9. Instructional Methods:

Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students. Continue…

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10. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge:10. Teachers’ Training and Knowledge: To improve teachers’ knowledge of the subject

and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills.

11. English Language:11. English Language: Introduction of English from Class – I.

Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.

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Thank You All Thank You All