Dra. Rebecca de los RiosDra. Rebecca de los RiosPAHO - ERPPAHO - ERP

Leaders in International Health ProgramLeaders in International Health ProgramModule International Cooperation and Health diplomacyModule International Cooperation and Health diplomacy

Session 2011Session 2011

South-South Cooperation in the Global Agenda South-South Cooperation in the Global Agenda of Cooperation for Developmentof Cooperation for Development

Topics to be discussed

• Some background and historical facts• The Guiding Principles• The evolution of the concept and models • SSC in the Cooperation Agenda • SSC in health• The challenges of SSC

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History and chronology of events

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Reports 2008, 2009, 2010

Article from USAM by Alejandra Kern. “Context and Challenges of South-South Cooperation 30 years after the Buenos Aires Declaration”.

Background: Global Context

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Cold War and Bipolar World

The response of developing countries: Group G77 and the non-aligned movement

Political Objective: A new international economic order

1st United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD and the G-77 (1964)

• Economic Cooperation between developing countries “CEPD”

• Stimulus for economic and trade integration processes among developing countries

• Plan of Action for priorities related to economic cooperation

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1st United Nations Conference of Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries TCDC: Buenos Aires Plan of Action(1978)

• “The technical cooperation among developing countries has emerged as a new dimension of international cooperation for development, that shows the determination of the developing world to achieve national and collective capacity to stand by itself, and the need to create a new international economic order.”

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The focus of “TCDC ”• It was conceived as a diverse and wide-ranging

collaboration; when it was confirmed that the TCDC was a “ multidimensional process” and that its extension could be “bilateral or multilateral” and, ‘its nature, subregional, regional or interregional”.

• It was defined as “a process through which two or more countries work together to achieve the development of individual or collective capacity with a cooperative exchange of knowledge, abilities, resources and technologies.”

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Principles of TCDC

• Solidarity• Respect for sovereignty • National ownership “demand driven”• Independence/No intervention/no

conditionality• Equity/Mutual Benefit/Partner Relations• Complementary cooperation North-South

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The end of the Cold War: A multi-polar and globalized world

• An evolution of the concept takes place: from TCDC to South-South Cooperation

• High level conferences and debates about the inclusion of other guiding principles of South-South Cooperation take place.

• South-South Cooperation is renewed and strongly incorporated in the cooperation agenda for development at global, regional and national levels.

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From TCDC to South-South Cooperation UN General Assembly Decision, 2003

“South-South Cooperation has evolved to take a different form, for instance it has become an exchange of knowledge, experiences, innovation, economic, financial and commercial cooperation, political partnerships and associations of different nature.”

Special Unit for SSC-UNDP

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From a bilateral relationship among governments to a relation with and

among diverse actors

• The SSC bilateral traditional focus: Government to Government.

• Participation of other actors: Local governments, civil society, academia, enterprises. Multiple ways and arrangements for collaboration and cooperation emerge.

• Role of traditional donors, multilateral agencies and international development banks (triangular cooperation)

• SSC in regional and inter-regional integration and association mechanisms (ASA, ASPA)

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SSC in the Global Agenda

• High level conferences about SSC: The South Summits (Marrakesh, 2003 y Doha, 2005)

• UN General Assembly, 2004 established 19 December as World SSC Day.

• SSC in Development Cooperation Forums in the UN (ECOSOC 2008 and 2010)

• III High Level Forum about Aid Efficiency (CAD-OECD 2008, Accra Action Program)

• I High Level Event SSC, Bogota 2010 (CAD/OECD and SSC Working Group)

• XVIII Ibero-American Summit, El Salvador 2008 Ibero American Program of SSC

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SSC is installed in the International Agenda of Cooperation for Development

• Main donor countries incorporate SSC in their Agendas (Japan, Spain, EU, UK, Germany) and Multilateral Banks.

• It is incorporated in the G-20 agenda, IV Aid Efficiency Forum (Bussan, Korea 2011)

• SSC is made explicit in foreign policy and national cooperation development policies

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Multiple forms, mechanisms and funding

for SSC

Incorporation of other principles:The debate on applying the efficiency agenda to SSC

• More emphasis on ownership (“demand driven”)• Its alignment with development priorities• Harmonization and more integration with other forms

of cooperation (North-South)• More transparency and accountability.• Towards a focus centralized in the development of

capacities, knowledge networks, building partnerships (sustainability)

• More emphasis on documenting experiences, systematizing lessons learned and registering funding flows for SSC

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High Level Committee for SSCGoverning Body subsidiary of GA

(Resolution 64/222, Nairobi Doc. 2009)

Calls Member States and UN System:• To take concrete measures to mainstream South-

South and triangular cooperation. • Increasing allocation of resources promoting SSC at

National, Subregional, Regional, Inter-Regional • Support initiatives for information and data collection,

coordination, dissemination and evaluation of SSC• Conduct research to identify areas where SSC will

have the greatest impact

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Platforms about SSC

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With various purposes: marketing, exchange of knowledge and experiences; inventory of projects, estimates of financing flows

SSC in Health• Long history and a lot of experience in the Region:

Collaborative work in C&T and control of infectious disease (malaria, yellow fever, Chagas Disease).

• The response from PAHO is integrated: The TCC Program (Technical cooperation among countries). More than 300 projects approved.

• Budgetary policy supporting sub regional integration processes (2007)

• Cooperation in networks intensifies (Pharmaceutical Regulation, Drug Resistance, Milk Banks Network, Observatory of HR, Virtual Campus)

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SSC Challenges• Optimize resource use: Better knowledge of capacities

and needs.• Search for authentic regional consensus for defining

SSC and facilitate its quantification and comparability among countries.

• Move from specific technical cooperation actions to projects that have a bigger and broader impact. With a focus on capacity building, knowledge and innovation networks, and scaling up solutions that work.

• Sustainability: Move from activities based on specific projects to focusing on agreements and work plans in “partnerships”

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SSC in Health moves forward in this direction and shares these challenges

• We need to better recognize countries’ capacities and needs, adapt y apply solutions that work.

• Registering and systematizing experiences and lessons learned is a priority task

• The TCC mechanism is a facilitator or “broker” and does not substitute the efforts of the countries who are the actors in the process.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p696Tul4gBc

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