DRAFT MALAYSIAN MTIB14TC3020R0 STANDARD … elaeis palm plywood_pc september...malaysian...

DRAFT

MALAYSIAN MTIB14TC3020R0

STANDARD STAGE : FOR PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20)

DATE : 7 SEPTEMBER 2015 – 6 NOVEMBER 2015

Elaeis palm plywood - Specification

ICS: 79.060.10 Descriptors: Elaies palm, plywood, specification

© Copyright 2015

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

MTIB14TC3020R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved i

CONTENTS

Page Committee representation .................................................................................................... iii Foreword .............................................................................................................................. iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................... v 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 Normative references ............................................................................................. 1 3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................. 2 4 Materials .......................................................................................................... ...... 3 5 Manufacturing of panels ................................................................................... ...... 3 6 Dimensions and tolerances .............................................................................. ...... 4 7 General requirements ………………............................................................. ..... 4 8 Bonding quality …………….................................................................................... 6 9 Formaldehyde emission ………..….................................................................. ..... 6 10 Supplementary properties ….................................................................................. 7 11 Conformance ......................................................................................................... 7 12 Marking, identification and documentation ............................................................. 8 Table 1 Allowable tolerances ……………………………………………………………….. 4 Table 2 Surface appearance classification of Elaeis palm veneer ……………………… 4 Table 3 Pre-treatment requirements ………………………………………………………... 6 Table 4 Glue line requirements ………………………………………………………………. 6 Table 5 Formaldehyde emission …………………………………………………………….. 7 Table A1 Veneer quality ………………………………………………………………………… 9 Table B1 Species/thickness of plies ………………………………………………………….. 10 Table C1 Ply characteristic …………………………………………………………………….. 11

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ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

CONTENTS (continued)

Page

Table C2 Manufacturing characteristic limits in end-product……………………………… 11 Table D1 Standards for testing supplementary properties ……………………………….. 12 Annex A Veneer quality ..……………………………………………………………………. 9 Annex B Panel lay-up (construction) .....................................……………...................... 10 Annex C Ply grading ………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Annex D Supplementary properties …………………………………………………………. 12 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

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© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved iii

Committee representation The Industry Standards Committee on Timber, Timber Products and Timber Structures, under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia Forest Research Institute Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Institution of Engineers Malaysia Jabatan Kerajaan Tempatan Malaysian Furniture Promotion Council Malaysian Panel-Products Manufacturer’s Association Malaysian Public Works Department Malaysian Timber Council Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat) Malaysian Wood Industries Association Malaysian Wood Moulding and Joinery Council Malaysian Wood Preserving Association Sabah Timber Industries Association Sarawak Timber Association Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation Timber Exporters Association of Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Teknologi MARA The Technical Committee on Wood-based Panels which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations: Besgrade Products Sdn Bhd Dongwha Fibreboard Fiber and Biocomposite Development Centre Forest Research Institute Malaysia Hevea Board Berhad Jowat Malaysia Sdn Bhd Malaysian Timber Council Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat) Mieco Manufacturing Sdn Bhd Robin Resources (M) Sdn Bhd Perceptive Profile Sdn Bhd Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation Malaysian Panels Products Manufacturer’s Association Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Teknologi MARA The Working Group on Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Plywood which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Central Kedah Plywood Factory Sdn Bhd

Fibre and Biocompiste Development Centre Forest Research Institute Malaysia Gerbang Masyhur Papan Lapis Sdn Bhd Malaysian Palm Oil Board Malaysian Panel Products Manufacturer’s Association Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat) Nippon Palm Corporation Sdn Bhd OPT Panel Sdn Bhd Plus Intervest Sdn Bhd Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Teknologi MARA

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iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

FOREWORD This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Oil palm Trunk (OPT) under the authority of the Timber, Timber Products and Timber Structures Industry Standards Committee. Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

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© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved v

INTRODUCTION The Elaeis Palm material input covered under this Malaysian Standard refers specifically to the Genus Elaeis, Species Elaeis guineensis. This material input is basically a palm species native to west and southwest Africa. Today it is extensively cultivated in other tropical countries including Malaysia for the production of edible oil. As a plantation crop, the Elaeis palm is being harvested for the purpose of replanting based on a cycle of 25 years. These logs are made available for the wood-based industries in Malaysia on a sustainable basis. Other than veneer and plywood, Elaeis palm logs are being used for commercial production of composite panels, lumber, pulp and pellet.

MTIB14TC3020R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 1

Elaeis Palm Plywood – Specification

1. Scope

This Malaysian Standard establishes requirements for the specifications of plywood for general, furniture and structural use, in dry, tropical dry/humid and high humidity/exterior conditions. This standard includes requirements for the quality of veneer, glue-bond, lay-up (construction), dimensions and tolerances, conformance verification and marking. Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. MS 228, Plywood – Specification (2

nd Rev)

MS 471-2: 2003, Glossary of Terms Relating to Timber and Wood-based Panel Products, Part 2: Wood-Based Panels Products MS 1787-1: 2005, Wood-based Panels –Part 1: Determination of dimensions of Panels MS 1787-4:2005, Wood-based Panels – Part 4: Determination of moisture content MS 1787-5: 2005, Wood-based Panels – Part 5: Determination of density MS 1787-10:2005, Wood-based Panels – Part 10: Determination of modulus elasticity in bending and of bending strength MS 1787-14:2005, Wood-based Panels – Part 14: Determination of formaldehyde content by perforator method MS 1787-15: 2005, Wood-based Panels – Part 15: Determination of formaldehyde emission by desiccator method ISO 2074, Plywood – Vocabulary ISO 12466-1, Plywood -- Bonding quality -- Part 1: Test methods ISO 12466-2, Plywood – Bonding Quality – Part 2: Requirements ISO 16572, Timber Structures – Wood-based panels-Test methods for structural properties ISO 21887, Durability of wood and wood-based products -- Use classes MTIB-CB-PS-01: 05/2013, Plywood certification standard (Rev-6).

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2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

3. Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the terms and definitions given in MS 471, ISO 2074 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 dry conditions Conditions in which the plywood will attain an equilibrium moisture content not exceeding 12% except for only a few weeks per year (e.g. ambient temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 65%). NOTES: 1. Plywood suitable for used in these conditions, is considered as suitable for use in biological use class 1 of ISO 21887 2 This plywood, under these conditions, is appropriate for dry internal applications excluding any extended direct exposure to water

3.2 Elaeis palm log Log that is obtained from a matured palm stem harvested during replanting activities usually after a 25-year rotation. 3.3 Elaeis palm plywood Plywood made from at least 60% Elaeis palm veneers in the total thickness of veneers in the panel lay-up. 3.4 Elaeis palm veneer A thin sheet of uniform thickness obtained from Elaeis palm log by either slicing, rotary cutting, semi rotary-cutting or sawing. NOTE. Generally, Elaeis palm veneers are produced from outer and inner section of Elaeis palm trunk. The outer section is usually denser, lower in moisture content and higher fibre content. Inner section is high in parenchyma and higher in moisture content.

3.5 high-humidity/exterior conditions Conditions leading to higher equilibrium moisture content than in tropical dry/humid conditions (≥18%) or prolonged exposure to weather. NOTE. Plywood suitable for used in these conditions, is considered as suitable for use in biological use class 1, class 2 and class 3 of ISO 21887.

3.6 tropical-dry/humid conditions Conditions in which the plywood will attain an equilibrium moisture content not exceeding 18% except for only a few weeks per year (e.g. ambient temperature of 30°C and relative humidity of 85%).

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NOTES: 1. Plywood suitable for used in these conditions, is considered as suitable for use in biological use class 1 and class 2 of ISO 21887

2. This plywood, under these conditions, is appropriate for protected external applications (e.g. behind cladding or under roof coverings), but is also capable of resisting weather exposure for short periods (e.g. when exposed during the construction). It is also suitable for interior situations where the service moisture condition is raised above humidity of dry conditions.

3.7 structural uses Load-bearing application for which reliable estimated load and/or engineering design values (characteristic values) are required.

4. Materials 4.1 Veneer

The following requirements apply at the time of pressing. 4.1.1 Elaeis palm veneer

Maximum thickness is 6.0 mm. The quality (grade) of veneer shall be controlled in accordance with the characteristics as defined in Table A1, Annex A. The edge joints (parallel to grain) are permitted, glued or unglued. End joints shall be joined, scarfed or equivalent, and glued. 4.1.2 Wood veneer In addition to Elaeis palm veneers, the use of any wood species and other lignocellulosic materials is permitted. The wood veneer shall have a maximum thickness of 6.0 mm and the quality (grade) in accordance with the characteristics as defined in MS 228. Edge joints parallel to the grain are permitted, glued or unglued. End joints shall be joined, scarfed or equivalent, and glued. 4.1.3 Adhesives The adhesive in combination with the veneer used, shall be capable of providing a bond for the performance to meet the requirements of the bond type as specified in Clause 8.

5. Manufacturing of panels

The process of lay-up (construction) shall be controlled and recorded according to Table B, Annex B. Characteristics defining quality of plies shall be defined according to Table C1, Annex C. The grain direction of each ply shall be at 90° to at least one adjacent ply.

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The characteristic of the end products shall be controlled; these characteristics shall be defined according to Table C2, Annex C.

6. Dimension and tolerances

Unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer, dimension of plywood are determined in conditions given in MS 1787: Part 1 tolerances applied in the conditions are given in Table 1. Width, length and thickness shall be specified in mm.

Table 1. Allowable tolerances

Dimension in millimeters

Maximum deviation between the mean thickness of a panel and its nominal

thickness

Maximum thickness tolerance within one panel

Nominal thickness

Unsanded Sanded Nominal thickness

Unsanded Sanded

≤ 4

+ 0.8 - (0.3 + 3% of

t)

+ 0.2 - 0.4

≤ 12 0.8 0.4

> 4 + 0.2 - (0.4 + 3% of

t)

> 12 1.0 0.6

t is the nominal thickness

7. General requirements 7.1 Classification by surface appearance Typically, Elaeis palm plywood is made with Elaeis palm core-veneer with hardwood surface veneer. Classification by surface appearance shall be done in accordance with MS 228. When Elaeis palm veneer is used as surface veneer, classification by surface appearance shall be done in accordance with Table 2.

Table 2. Surface appearance classification of Elaeis palm veneer

Categories of characteristics

Appearance class

E I II III IV

7.1.1

Splits

Open

Practically

absent

Permitted if less than:

Permitted,

but see Note

1/10 1/5 1/3

Of panel length up to an individual width of:

3 mm 5 mm 20 mm

And up to a number of:

3/m 3/m 3/m

Of panel width

If properly filled If unrepaired

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7.2 Mechanical characteristics 7.2.1 General If required, bending strength and/ or stiffness shall be determined on small test pieces in accordance with MS 1787: Part 10. Bending strength and/or stiffness values determined according to MS 1787:Part 10 are not suitable for the determination of characteristic values or design properties for structural use unless a correlation between these values and values determined according to 7.2.2 has been established. 7.2.2 Structural application Characteristic values used for the determination of design properties and capacities shall be determined in accordance with ISO 16572.

7.3 Physical properties Where applicable, moisture content and density shall be determined according to MS 1787 Part 4 and Part 5 respectively.

or unlimited if all filled

Closed Permitted

7.1.2 Abnormalities due to insects, marine borers and parasitic plants

Not permitted

Not permitted Marks of parasitic plants not permitted. Insects and

marine borer holes permitted up to a:

Permitted, but see

Note

Diameter of 3 mm

vertically to the plane of the panel up to a number

of 10/m2

Width of 15 mm and

length of 60 mm up to a number of

3/m2

7.1.3 Pin holes Not permitted

1.5mm or less in diameter but shall not be

clustered; Max 4 per sheet

Permitted if occasional

and isolated

Permitted if not

excessive

Permitted, but see

Note

7.1.4 Inbark/bark pocket Not permitted Permitted up to a width of : Permitted, but see

Note 5 mm if properly

filled

25 mm

7.1.5 Irregularities in the structure of the Elaeis palm a

Practically absent

Permitted (natural appearance-tiger grain)

Permitted

If very slight If slight

7.1.6 Discoloration which is not Elaeis palm -destroying

Permitted if low contrast Permitted

7.1.7 Fungal decay which is Elaeis palm -destroying

Not permitted

7.1.8 Other characteristics Practically absent

To be considered under the category which they most closely resemble.

NOTE. Characteristics inherent to Elaeis palm are permitted provided that they do not impair the serviceability of the panel. a Irregularities: Some older Elaeis palm tend to develop a darker coloration and dark stripes at the lower section of the tree which is a

valued feature.

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8. Bonding quality Bonding quality shall be established by testing in accordance with the requirements of ISO 12466-1 and classified in accordance with ISO 12466-2. In addition to the testing and classification according to Clause 7.1, the maximum size of permitted characteristics (Annex A) should take into account any adverse effects those characteristics may have on bonding quality and bond durability. 8.1 Pre-treatment Requirements Pre-treatment requirements for bonding classes 1, 2 and 3 i.e. in dry, tropical dry/humid and high humidity/exterior conditions respectively, are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Pre-treatment requirements

Bonding class

Condition

Pre-treatment

Basic Additional

24 h Cold soak

VP 6 h BDB 72 h Boil

Steam

1 Dry

- - - -

2 Tropical-dry / Humid

3 High Humid/Exterior

-

NOTE: VP vacuum pressure; BDB Boiling, drying and boiling

8.2 Bond Integrity For all three classes, each glue line tested shall satisfy two criteria: the mean shear strength and the average apparent cohesive wood failure, as combined in Table 4.

Table 4. Glue line requirements

Mean shear strength, т (MPa) Average apparent cohesive wood failure (%)

т< 0.2 Fail 0.2 ≤ т <0.4 ≥ 80

0.4 ≤ т < 0.6 ≥ 60

0.6 ≤ т ≤ 1.0 ≥ 40

т > 1.0 Not required

9. Formaldehyde emission Formaldehyde emission can be determined by either desiccator or perforator method. At least 95 % of the mean values of the individual panels shall be below the upper specification limit, appropriate to the selected formaldehyde emission category stated in Table 5.

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Table. 5 Formaldehyde emission

Property Test method Requirement

Formaldehyde potential Option 1: Dessicator value

- F**** - F*** - F** - F*

Option 2: Perforator value

- Class E1 - Class E2

MS 1787: Part 15 MS 1787: Part 14

Average Max 0.3 mg/l 0.4 mg/l 0.5 mg/l 0.7 mg/l 1.5 mg/l 2.1 mg/l 5.0 mg/l 7.0 mg/l ≤8mg/100 g >8 mg/100 g to 30 mg/100 g

NOTE. The perforator value may vary with moisture content of the plywood. Plywood conditioned to constant mass at 20 ºC and 65 % relative humidity has a moisture content of about 6.5 %. When the perforator value of plywood is measured on test piece which have not been conditioned, such as during production, then the test result needs to be adjusted be an appropriate factor determined by the tester. Details of the deviation shall be included in the test report.

10. Supplementary properties For certain applications, information on some supplementary properties can be required. Some of these supplementary properties and corresponding test methods are listed in Table D1. If there is no ISO standard available the method used shall be fully described in the test report.

11. Conformance

Plywood conforming to this standard, shall be manufactured under a quality system which: a) includes in-plant production and quality control procedures; b) includes internal and external auditing of the in-plant procedures; and c) is consistent with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17065 or MTIB-CB-PS-01: 05/2013. NOTE. External auditor shall be an independent and recognized accredited body.

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12. Marking, identification and documentation The marking and the accompanying information shall be placed on the product itself, on a label attached to it, on its packaging, or in the accompanying commercial documents. In so far as these data have not been given by other marking rules, panels, or possibly packages, which comply with this standard, shall be marked to provide the following information:

a) the reference of this standard; b) the name (or logo) or code of the manufacturer; c) the bonding class;

d) species or species group;

e) grade; f) the nominal dimensions in millimetres;

and optionally:

g) reference to the other quality system(s), where applicable;

h) the quality label and the certification body, if any;

i) the batch number, or the production week and year;

j) supplementary properties (e.g. the formaldehyde release).

NOTES: 1) Further documents, if requested, will be provided by the manufacturer. 2) In case of cut-size panels, where the first purchaser is the user of the product and where he agrees that marking (other than on the package) is unnecessary, the marking of such individual panels in the package need not be undertaken.

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Annex A (normative)

Veneer quality

Table A1 provides a standard list of some characteristics to be identified in determining each veneer quality suitable for the range of products to be manufactured. For each different quality (grade) of veneer, a separate table is required. The maximum allowable limits shall be determined between buyer and seller.

Table A1. Veneer quality

NOTE. Other characteristics may be required and added if necessary.

Veneer quality: Qi a

Characteristics Specified max.limit

1 Grain, irregularities (e.g. rough, sloped, torn grain)

2 Splits (tapering to a point)

3 Bark,

4 Borer holes

5 Fungal decay

6 Wane

7 Stain/Discoloration

8 Sum of characteristics measured across piece

a A separate table is required for each different quality

(grade) of veneer.

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Annex B (normative)

Panel lay-up (construction) Table B1 provides a format for defining the lay-up (construction) of a specified panel.

Table B1. Species/thickness of plies

Plya Thickness in mm

∥ or⊥ to Face ply Veneer identification

Species Veneer qualityb

(face) 1 ∥

2

3

-

-

-

-

-

nc

a Plies are numbered from face (1) to back (n) b Quality Qi as defined in Annex A and/or Annex C c n = total number of plies

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Annex C (normative)

Ply grading

Table C1 gives ply characteristics and Table C2 provides a standard list of minimum characteristics of the plies according to their location in the final product.

Table C1. Ply characteristics

Inner ply Outer ply Face other

Veneer quality index

Qi Qj

NOTE. Quality (grade),Qi Qj … are given in accordance with Annexes A and B

Table C2. Manufacturing characteristic limits in end-product

Category of defect or characteristic

Inner ply - basic Outer plies (face/back)

Face ply (if better than outer

min.)

Open Joints

Overlaps

Blisters/Delamination

Hollows/Imprints/Bumps

Roughness

Sand troughs

Short Veneer

Narrow Veneer

Edge Void

Edge Defect (sawing/sanding)

Repairs

Surface Finish

NOTE. Other characteristics may be required and added if necessary

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Annex D (informative)

Supplementary properties

Table D1. Standards for Testing Supplementary Properties

Properties Reference document

Physical properties — Moisture content — Density

MS 1787:Part 4 MS 1787:Part 5

Mechanical properties — Tension properties — Shear properties — Compression properties

ISO 16752 ISO 16752 ISO 16752

MTIB14TC3020R0


Bibliography [1] ISO 1096, Plywood – Classification [3] ISO 2026-2, Plywood – Classification by surface appearance – Part 2: Hardwood [4] ISO 2026-3, Plywood – Classification by surface appearance – Part 3 : Softwood

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

10

H001

R1

Acknowledgements Members of Technical Committee on Wood-based Panels Prof Dr Paridah Md Tahir (Chairman) Universiti Putra Malaysia

Ms Syafinaz Abd Rashad (Secretary) Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB) Mr Pek Woei Shyong Besgrade Products Sdn Bhd Ms Oo Lin Thai Dongwha Fibreboard Mr Kamaruddin Othman Fiber and Biocomposite Development Centre Dr Rahim Sudin/ Forest Research Institute Malaysia Dr Rafaedah Rusli Mr Suresh a/l Krishna Pillai Hevea Board Berhad Mr Haris Alpiah Jowat Malaysia Sdn Bhd Ms Lau Li Har Malaysian Timber Council Datuk Chua Hock Gee Malaysian Panel Products Manufacturer’s Association Mr Ng Soon Kiang Mieco Manufacturing Sdn bhd Mr Cheah Chong Yueh Perceptive Profile Sdn Bhd Dr Au Khuan Chuan Robin Resources (M) Sdn Bhd Mr Nicholas Andrew Lissem Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation Dr Adlin Sabrina Muhamad Roseley Universiti Putra Malaysia Prof Madya Dr Shaikh Abdul Karim Yamani bin Zakaria/

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Prof Madya Dr Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus Prof Dr Rokiah Hashim Universiti Sains Malaysia

Members of Working Group on Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Plywood Prof Dr Paridah Md Tahir (Chairman) Universiti Putra Malaysia

Ms Syafinaz Abd Rashad (Secretary) Malaysian Timber Industry Board Mr Teoh Tian Wen Central Kedah Plywood Factory Sdn Bhd Dr Loh Yueh Feng Fibre and Biocomposite Development Centre Mr Hashim Samsi Forest Research Institute Malaysia Mr Tey Man Er Gerbang Masyhur Papan Lapis Sdn Bhd Mr Choong Kian Kee Individual Expert Dr. Anis Mokhtar Malaysian Palm Oil Board Dato’ Chua Hock Gee Malaysian Panel Products Manufacturer’s Association Mr Kurikara Nippon Palm Corporation Sdn Bhd Mr Chuah Kheng Hua OPT Panel Sdn Bhd Prof Madya Dr. Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus Universiti Teknologi MARA

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