Drama in Elementary School by Tulay ustundag

7/22/2019 Drama in Elementary School by Tulay ustundag

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THE ADVANTAGES OF USINGDRAMA AS A METHOD OF

EDUCATION INELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

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1.0 Definition of Drama

Is the most significant model of learning and is a basic

activity for learning.

Children can learn to explore issues, events and

connections, by means of drama.

Children draw on their knowledge and experience of the

real world in order to create a make-believe world.



1.1 Importance of Drama

• It is a valuable form of communication.

• Provides opportunity to work together cooperatively in ashared life. Thus, children get the chance to expressthemselves more effectively in everyday situations.

• Encourages children to learn how to put themselves inother people’s shoes by understanding the characters.



1.2 Categories of Dramatic Forms

1) Play is unplanned.

- Children learn to get on with others and to find out howthey stand in relations to others.

- Children’s play is purposive and requires considerableeffort.

- Children will be able to express and communicate theirfeelings and understandings in their own ways.



2) Improvisation

- Is a form of dramatic play which has a regular shape.

- A form of representation and is acknowledged by the actorsto be clearly separated from life.

- In education, this form is called child drama or creativedrama.

- Dramatic improvisation followed by reflection giveschildren practice in reasoning and acknowledging.



2.0 Drama in Education



2. Drama in Education

• Education: process of helping people to find essentialmeanings in life, involves both teaching and learning.

• Education and drama are similar as they are closelylinked in the learning process and they deal withchildren.



• The new movement in education has introduced theconcept of child centred education combined withchildren’s play where both imagination and play areinherent parts of effective education.



2.1 Drama in Schools

• When children first enter school, most are faced withenvironment where learning is more cognitively andemotionally demanding.

• Drama models make the children more relax, able tointerpret their own feelings, learn working together ina conducive environment which permits them to solveproblems creatively.



2.1.1 Views of Drama in School

• Lynn McGregor: 2 groups of drama

1. Learning through drama:

• The exploration of issues and people through drama.

• It involves both teacher and child, resulting in discussion of theissues being involved.

• Can be used as a method to teach particular subjects, such ashistory or social studies.



2. Envisaging drama:

• An art form in its own right

• It places responsibility on children to work on stimuli

given by the teacher.

• Children have to produce ideas, decide amongthemselves how to put them together and then create ascene with its own characters.

• (Teacher= passive role)



• Dorothy Heathcote:

• All dramatic activities can be located on a continuum, from themost classic or highly stylized, to the most domestic or casual.

• A new dimension of experience in drama can be very quicklyreached by shifting from one place on this continuum toanother.



• The classic mode requires great concentration and control so itseems difficult as a way into drama.

• The domestic mode looks easier, it is casual and similar toeveryday human relationship.



2.1.2 Common Characteristics ofUsing Drama in Education

• Imagination and creativity

• Play

• The social aspects of drama

• Creative problem solving through drama

• Performance



2.1.2 Common Characteristics ofUsing Drama in Education

• Imagination and creativity

• Play

• The social aspects of drama

• Creative problem solving through drama

• Performance



Drama In ElementarySchoolDrama acts as an integrating force in curriculum and for teachers to drawon different subject areas.



2.2.1 MODELS FOR DRAMATICACTION:

• Exploratory

• Illustrative

• Expressive



EXPLORATORY MODEL

• Most common model in the classroom

• In fact, most ‘how to do it’ drama texts deals with thismodel which is the most widely known amongst

students.

• Teachers use this model to explore new experiences



ILLUSTRATIVE MODEL

• Students try to analyze their own inner meaning bymeans of illustrative model of drama which uses theirmental powers, body and voice.

• Allow students to use dramatic action forunderstanding personal relationships



EXPRESSIVE MODEL

• Used to communicate ideas.

• Has a socially practical



USING DRAMA AS A METHOD

USINGDRAMA

AS AMETHOD

Themeaningof drama

Purposes

of drama



MEANING

• Teaching should always be a reflective activity but it is oftendifficult to see in the classroom.

• Teacher’s traditional role is questioner. However, these

lessons contain more discussion than action. This methoddoes not develop the creativity of students so that they arenot given the maximum opportunity to express their ownideas.



MEANING

• It is the teacher working with the students within thedrama will build on the students’ ideas and makebridge for them between their own experience of the

world and the meaning of the drama, so that bothinsight and understanding arise from the activity.

• It is also through the teacher’s commitment andinvolvement in, the work, that drama will realize itsfull potential as a medium for learning.



PURPOSES

• Provides an opportunity to work togethercooperatively

• Extends both the range and quality of the child’s

language usage. It provides an opportunity for tryingout different models of discourse

• Useful way of ‘opening up’ problems, themes, andtopics that are of social concern.



3.0 Advantages of UsingDrama



ADVANTAGES OF USING DRAMA

Self actualizationPersonal/emotional

development



1. Self actualization

• Allows students to work together & shareresponsibility for the development of self actualization

• Helps students to engage in independent thinking

• Gives students an opportunity to examine their ownproblems with a new perspective



2. Personal/Emotionaldevelopment

• Helps individual to explore many aspects of the worldand also his own feelings and emotion

• Helps students discover that they know more than

they thought they knew

• Lead students to see the world more clearly

• Become the catalysts for the establishment of

interpersonal relationship



4.0 Current Situation inDrama



Turkey

• Different seminars and courses to introduce drama have beengiven by The Association for Contemporary Drama and at varioushigher education institutions in Turkey since 1980.

• Although each seminar was designed to address specific

disciplines, the series reached an impressive cross-section ofprofessions: pre-school, primary, special education and artteachers, Ministry of Education officials, child psychologists,children's theatre actors [29]. Some topics are stated as follows:

Creative Drama in School

The Vital Importance of Drama in Education

Play/Drama with Children-Play/Drama for Children

Training of Drama Leaders

New Ideas for the Experienced Drama Teacher



Ankara

• 80% of the private kindergartens have drama lessons,drama teachers and drama in the activity program relatedto different subjects.

• The Association for Contemporary Drama as a centralauthority for the training of new drama teachers and offersin-service training on request to kindergartens, elementaryand secondary schools.

• Ministry of Education organized a training program indrama for pre-service kindergarten teachers .

• University level - offer courses in creative drama on bothundergraduate and graduate levels through variousdepartments. Currently, some theses were written bygraduate students [30].



5.0 Recommendations



• join in in-service training to learn about usingdrama as a method in teaching

• administrative staff, such as directors,

inspectors and subject matter specialists,should be trained in the same drama courses.Teachers

• Organise seminars, workshops or

conferences on the advantagesand ways of using drama as amethod in elementary schools.

The Association for

Contemporary Drama,Universities and the

Ministry of Education.

• Should be made available forteachers so as to inform thosewho have some classical opinionson drama.

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Drama in Elementary School by Tulay ustundag

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