DREDGING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION:
REGULATIONS, PROBLEMS AND BESTPRACTICE
16-17 October 2012
PIOMBINO
SEDIMENT IN THE PORT OF PIOMBINO:FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE AND POSSIBLE
NEW APPLICATIONS
Dott. Ing. Sandra Muccetti
Dott.ssa Roberta Macii
TerritorialTerritorialpositionposition
Piombino has been included in the sites of national interest (SIPiombino has been included in the sites of national interest (SIN) underN) underarticle 1, clause 4 of the law 426/98, and the boundaries of thearticle 1, clause 4 of the law 426/98, and the boundaries of the area werearea weredefined in the Ministerial Decree of 10 January 2000, with laterdefined in the Ministerial Decree of 10 January 2000, with latermodifications to enlarge these in the Ministerial Decree of 07 Amodifications to enlarge these in the Ministerial Decree of 07 April 2006,pril 2006,as published in theas published in the GazzettaGazzetta UfficialeUfficiale nn°°147 of the 26 June 2006147 of the 26 June 2006
Boundaries of the Piombino SIN
The SIN of Piombinois made up of:
A land area of 930ha
A sea area of2,015 ha
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES WITHININDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES WITHINTHE PIOMBINO SINTHE PIOMBINO SIN
CHARACTERISATION OF THE MARINE AREASCHARACTERISATION OF THE MARINE AREAS
The Chiusa area
The large basin
The small basin
The port area andthe dock evolution
The area next tothe Marinai
d’Italia wharf
Chemical values forChemical values forintervention, it should beintervention, it should beremembered, means theremembered, means theconcentration in the sedimentsconcentration in the sedimentsof the chemical substancesof the chemical substanceslisted in the following Tablelisted in the following Tablewhich, if exceeded, may set inwhich, if exceeded, may set inmotion an interventionmotion an interventionprocedure. This is evaluated onprocedure. This is evaluated ona casea case--toto--case basis,case basis,considering the quality andconsidering the quality andquantity of the sediments thatquantity of the sediments thatare not in conformity and theare not in conformity and thelegitimate use of the area inlegitimate use of the area inquestion (such interventionquestion (such interventionvalues are proposed by ICRAMvalues are proposed by ICRAMto the Ministry for theto the Ministry for theEnvironment and the Care ofEnvironment and the Care ofWater and the Seas under theWater and the Seas under theprotocol nprotocol n°° 2604/06 of 212604/06 of 21March 2006).March 2006).
MARINE INTERVENTION LEVELS FOR THE PIOMBINO SIN
NUMBER
SAMPLE
STATION
PARAMETER INTERVENTION
VALUES
Metals mg/kg s.s.
7440-38-2 Arsenic 42
7440-43-9 PP Cadmium 1
7440-47-3 Chrome 1.75
7439-97-6 PP Mercury 1.7
7440-02-0 P Nickel 90
7439-92-1 P Lead 95
Copper 95
Zinc 200
Organo-metals pg/kg s.s.
Organo-stannic compounds 70 (Sn)
Aromatic polycyclicals pg/kg s.s.
PP Total IPA 4,000
50-32-8 PP Benzo(a)pyrene 760
120-12-7 P Anthracene 245
206-44-0 P Fluoranthene 1,500
91-20-3 P Naphthalene 390
Pesticides pg/kg s.s.
309-00-2 Aldrin 5
319-84-6 PP Alpha hexachlorocycloesane 1
319-85-7 PP Beta hexachlorocycloesane 1
58-89-9 PP Gamma lindan hexachlorocycloesane 1
DDT 5
DDD 5
DDE 5
60-57-1 Dieldrin 5
Dioxins pg/kg
Sommat. PCDD, PCDF and PCB dioxins and similar 30 x 10³
133-63-63 PCB pg/kg
total PCB 190
PRELIMINARY RECLAMATION PROJECT FORTHE SEABED OF THE PORT AREA INCLUDED
IN THE PIOMBINO SIN (ISPRA 2008)
GIVEN THE RESULTS OF THE RECLAMATIONGIVEN THE RESULTS OF THE RECLAMATIONPROJECT, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TOPROJECT, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO
REMOVE/DREDGE THE FOLLOWING QUANTITIESREMOVE/DREDGE THE FOLLOWING QUANTITIESOF MATERIALOF MATERIAL
LAYERIntervention values
ICRAM <Conc< Col. BTable 1 attachment 5
title V part IVlegislative decree
152/06[m³]
Table 1 attachment 5title V part IV
legislative decree152/06
< Conc < attachment Dpart IV legislative
decree 152/06[m³]
< Conc < attachment Dpart IV legislative
decree 152/06[m³]
0-50 cm 18,284 205,668 5,834
50-100 cm 78,295 146,811 1,655
100-150cm 86,865 130,016 1,655
150-200 cm 104,849 84,105 -
200-250 cm 55,415 18,014 -
250-300 cm 48,866 16,905 -
TOTAL down to 3 metres392,574 601,519 9,144
1,003,237
TheThe ““definitive reclamation projectdefinitive reclamation project”” for the seabed in front of thefor the seabed in front of the MarinaiMarinai dd’’ItaliaItaliawharf, approved by the Ministry of the Environment and Territoriwharf, approved by the Ministry of the Environment and Territorial Protection onal Protection on28 September 2004.28 September 2004.The reclamation intervention has been carried out by way of theThe reclamation intervention has been carried out by way of the mechanical removalmechanical removalof the contaminated sediments and their succeeding removal to anof the contaminated sediments and their succeeding removal to an infill basin. Ininfill basin. Indetail, the reclamation operations involved the removal of a totdetail, the reclamation operations involved the removal of a total quantity of 93,000al quantity of 93,000mm³³ of marine sediments.of marine sediments.
Photograph of the small basinPhotograph of the small basin
The priority objective of the monitoring plan to evaluate the effects ofactivities connected with dredging in the water space in front of theMarinai d’Italia wharf in the port of Piombino was
to environmentally safeguard the areas involved in activities of dredging,transport and storage in infill basins of the sediments arising from thereclamation. This was to be brought about through checking certainenvironmental parameters which could have been influenced by reclamationactivities (re-suspension of sediments, turbidity, mobilisation ofcontaminants) and their interaction with the biota.
Monitoring was carried out not only during the activities outlined above, butalso during the periods before and after, in order to verify any possiblevariation in the conditions of the environmental parameters involved, and toverify that the conditions existent prior to beginning dredging wererestored at the close of such operations.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURINGRECLAMATION/DREDGING ACTIVITIES
The chosen monitoring system to evaluate the effects that activities ofexcavation, transport and backfilling into the basins might have had on thesurrounding marine environment was articulated as:
- monitoring the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics ofthe water column;
- determining the bio-accumulation and analysing bio-markers in bivalvemolluscs transplanted to the areas under investigation (Mussel Watch);
- analysis of outflow waters from the basin;
- analysis of waters collected in pietzometers installed around the edge ofthe basin;
- analysis of surface sediments close to the backfill basins.
The monitoring plan: investigative fields
The monitoring programmeThe monitoring programme -- sampling sites.sampling sites.
In order to carry out the monitoring as mentioned above, on theIn order to carry out the monitoring as mentioned above, on the basisbasis
of existing knowledge of the marine area under investigation, aof existing knowledge of the marine area under investigation, a systemsystemof fixedof fixed sampling sitessampling sites was set up within the area involved in such awas set up within the area involved in such away as to permit the following typologically different areas:way as to permit the following typologically different areas:
-- area to be dredged (port),area to be dredged (port),
-- area of stocking and the stretch of sea in front of the basinarea of stocking and the stretch of sea in front of the basin(basin),(basin),
-- control area on the external side of thecontrol area on the external side of the MoloMolo BatteriaBatteria breakwaterbreakwater(white).(white).
The monitoring plan:The monitoring plan:placement of the sampling sitesplacement of the sampling sites
control areacontrol areaon the outer sideon the outer side
of the Molo Batteriaof the Molo Batteriabreakwaterbreakwater ““WhiteWhite
area da dragarearea da dragare““PortoPorto””
Infill areaInfill area““BasinBasin””
DEFINITIVE RECLAMATION PROJECT OF THE AREA KNOWNDEFINITIVE RECLAMATION PROJECT OF THE AREA KNOWNASAS ““CHIUSACHIUSA”” WITHIN THE PIOMBINOWITHIN THE PIOMBINO SINSIN AND THE FIRSTAND THE FIRST
PHASE OF INTERVENTIONPHASE OF INTERVENTION
THETHE ‘‘PHASE I OF THE RECLAMATION OF THE CHIUSAPHASE I OF THE RECLAMATION OF THE CHIUSA’’INVOLVED 95,000 mINVOLVED 95,000 m³³ OF MARINE SEDIMENTSOF MARINE SEDIMENTS
CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST WHARFAGE ANDCONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST WHARFAGE ANDTHE DREDGING IN FRONT OF ITTHE DREDGING IN FRONT OF IT
(Phase I of the activation of the Port Regulatory Plan(Phase I of the activation of the Port Regulatory Planfor Piombino)for Piombino)
TABLES SHOWING THE DREDGING PLANTABLES SHOWING THE DREDGING PLANFOR WHARFAGE PHASE IFOR WHARFAGE PHASE I
QUANTITIES OF MARINE SEDIMENTS TO BE DREDGEDQUANTITIES OF MARINE SEDIMENTS TO BE DREDGEDDURING WORKS RELATED TO WHARFAGE PHASE IDURING WORKS RELATED TO WHARFAGE PHASE I
Total volumes to be dredged (including tolerances andconnections
Contamination level Volume (m³)
Green (not dangerous) 2.272,20
Yellow (not dangerous) 7.202,71
Red (not dangerous) 46.455,83
Violet (dangerous) 14.593,80
TOTAL 70.524,54
SEDIMENT VOLUMES INVOLVED IN DREDGING ACTIVITIES INSEDIMENT VOLUMES INVOLVED IN DREDGING ACTIVITIES INTHE PORT AREATHE PORT AREA IN FRONT OFIN FRONT OF THE WORKS FROM THE SECONDTHE WORKS FROM THE SECOND
VARIANT OF THE PORT REGULATORY PLAN FOR PIOMBINOVARIANT OF THE PORT REGULATORY PLAN FOR PIOMBINO
A CALCULATION OF THE VOLUME OF SEDIMENT TO BE DREDGEDA CALCULATION OF THE VOLUME OF SEDIMENT TO BE DREDGEDINFILL BASINS OF THE PORT OF PIOMBINOINFILL BASINS OF THE PORT OF PIOMBINO
3D visualisation of the depth trends in excavation
Visualisation of the depth of excavation
Volumes of sediment to be removed by type and qualityVolumes of sediment to be removed by type and quality
Level(cm)
Conc. elaboratedIntervention
values
Interventionvalues
conc. elaboratedCol. B
Table 1 attachment5 title V part IV
legislative decree152/06
[m³]
Col. B table 1attachment 5 title
V part IVlegislative decree
152/06< Conc. elab. <attachment D
legislative decree152/06, part IV
titles I & II[m³]
Conc. elab.attachment D
legislative decree152/06, part IV
titles I & II[m³]
0-50 0 828 46,164 0
50-100 0 1,654 44,931 0
100-150 0 1,612 44,611 58
150-200 53 3,413 42,400 0
200-250 53 33,719 11,069 0
250-300 53 30,391 11,448 0
300-350 53 33,272 7,140 0
350-400 53 30,008 4,698 0
400-450 10,742 19,171 0 0
450-500 3,928 19,249 2,633 0
500-550 4,158 15,226 0 0
550-600 11,347 5,486 0 0
600-650 8,869 4,871 2,006 0
650-700 4,356 6,995 3,283 0
700-750 2,839 8,836 1,851 0
750-800 3,887 8,009 540 0
800-850 2,187 8,444 0 0
850-900 336 8,174 0 0
900-950 1,016 3,645 1,289 0
950-1,000 2,113 3,068 0 0
Total volume ofsediment involved
in dredgingactivities
56,045 244,071 226,264 58
526,438
INFILL BASINS IN THEINFILL BASINS IN THEPORT OF PIOMBINOPORT OF PIOMBINO
Photograph of thePhotograph of thelarge basinlarge basin
THE PORT OF PIOMBINOTHE PORT OF PIOMBINO
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
CURRENTCURRENTSITUATIONSITUATION
FUTURE LAYOUTFUTURE LAYOUT
• Development of wharfage, depth, area
• Railway and SS398 highway arriving into the port
• Completion of the Tyrrhenian motorway and the Grosseto Fano highway
AERIAL VIEW OF THE PORTAERIAL VIEW OF THE PORT
CHARACTERISATIONS UNDERWAY OR TOCHARACTERISATIONS UNDERWAY OR TOBE CARRIED OUTBE CARRIED OUT
•• New Port Regulatory Plan (PRP) for the port of Piombino, 2008:New Port Regulatory Plan (PRP) for the port of Piombino, 2008:
•• All the solutions to critical points have come together in the nAll the solutions to critical points have come together in the new PRP alongew PRP alongwith proposals for port developments followingwith proposals for port developments following
•• AN INTEGRATED AND SYNERGISTIC VISIONAN INTEGRATED AND SYNERGISTIC VISION OF PORT INFRASTRUCTUREOF PORT INFRASTRUCTUREAND ENVIRONMENTAL RECLAMATION INTERVENTIONS GIVING RISE TOAND ENVIRONMENTAL RECLAMATION INTERVENTIONS GIVING RISE TOSTRONGSTRONG PROJECT COORDINATIONPROJECT COORDINATION
LENGTH OFLENGTH OFWHARFAGEWHARFAGE
PORT AREAPORT AREA(INCLUDING ROAD(INCLUDING ROAD
NETWORKNETWORK
CURRENT SITUATIONCURRENT SITUATION 2.300 mtl2.300 mtl 125.000 m125.000 m²²
VARIANT II TO THEVARIANT II TO THEPRPPRP
3400 mtl3400 mtl 325.000 m325.000 m²²
NEW PRP 2008NEW PRP 2008 5750 mtl5750 mtl 1.090.000 m1.090.000 m²²
NEW LAYOUTNEW LAYOUT –– PORT REGULATORY PLAN FORPORT REGULATORY PLAN FORTHE PORT OF PIOMBINOTHE PORT OF PIOMBINO
New volume: 7.000.000 m³
Dredging: 3.900.000 m³
MARINE SEDIMENTS
DREDGINGDREDGING →→ discretional activitydiscretional activity RECLAMATION→ an activity that isbinding both on an and on quomodo
can/must Legitimateright/interest ofthe collective group
An activity of guarantee forpublic interest in thefunctionality of the portstructure
A necessary activity qualified interms of obligation laid down by
law and covered by a form ofcompensatory protection
WHERE THEY ARE
•• -- in the Environmental Codein the Environmental Code
article 185article 185 ““Exclusion from the field of applicationExclusion from the field of application””
clause 4:clause 4: Saving those obligations deriving from specific CommunitySaving those obligations deriving from specific Communitystandards, the following are excluded from the field of applicatstandards, the following are excluded from the field of application ofion ofthis Fourth Part of the present decree: those sediments moved withis Fourth Part of the present decree: those sediments moved withinthinsurface waters for the management of such waters and watercoursesurface waters for the management of such waters and watercourses,s,or for the prevention of flooding, or for a reduction in the effor for the prevention of flooding, or for a reduction in the effects ofects offlooding or of drought or of soil reinstatement, if it is provenflooding or of drought or of soil reinstatement, if it is proven that thethat thesediments are not dangerous as under the decision 2000/532/CE ofsediments are not dangerous as under the decision 2000/532/CE of thetheCommission of the 3 May 2000, together with subsequentCommission of the 3 May 2000, together with subsequentmodifications.modifications.
•• -- Law nLaw n°°. 84/94 article 5. 84/94 article 5 bisbis
as modifiedas modified MOBILITY
-- --National Reclamation ProgrammeNational Reclamation Programme-
WHAT THEY AREWHAT THEY ARE
From a subjective point of viewFrom a subjective point of view
Law n. 84/94, article 5Law n. 84/94, article 5 bisbis
Materials coming from dredging activities within port andMaterials coming from dredging activities within port andmarinemarine--coastal areas situated within sites of national interestcoastal areas situated within sites of national interestor for greater precisionor for greater precision each singleeach single granulometricgranulometric partpartobtained by physical meansobtained by physical means……..
-
•• Law nLaw n°° 84/94, article 584/94, article 5
•• clause 11clause 11 terter: m: materials comingaterials comingfrom dredging activities, whichfrom dredging activities, whichpresent physical, chemical andpresent physical, chemical andmicrobiological characteristicsmicrobiological characteristicsanalogous to the natural seabedanalogous to the natural seabedwith regard to the site of origin,with regard to the site of origin,and suitable with regard to theand suitable with regard to thesite of destination, as long assite of destination, as long asthey show no positive results inthey show no positive results inecoeco--toxicology testing.toxicology testing.
•• Law nLaw n°° 84/94, article 584/94, article 5 bisbis
•• clause 2, letter a)clause 2, letter a):: wheneverwheneverthey present, either at origin orthey present, either at origin orfollowing treatment with thefollowing treatment with thesole scope of removal pollutants,sole scope of removal pollutants,excluding processes aimed atexcluding processes aimed atthe immobilisation of the samethe immobilisation of the samepollutants, physical, chemical andpollutants, physical, chemical andmicrobiological characteristicsmicrobiological characteristicsto the natural seabed withto the natural seabed withregard to the site of origin, andregard to the site of origin, andsuitable with regard to the sitesuitable with regard to the siteof destination, and show noof destination, and show nopositive results in ecopositive results in eco--toxicologytoxicologytesting.testing.
sea coastalland
beachnourishment
sea coastalland
beachnourishment
capping
•• Law nLaw n°° 84/94 article 584/94 article 5
•• clause 11clause 11 quaterquater:: materialsmaterialscoming from dredging andcoming from dredging andreclamation activities, if they arereclamation activities, if they arenot dangerous either at origin ornot dangerous either at origin orfollowing treatment aimedfollowing treatment aimedexclusively at the removal ofexclusively at the removal ofpollutants, excluding thereforepollutants, excluding thereforethose processes aimed at thethose processes aimed at theimmobilisation of the sameimmobilisation of the samepollutants, such as those ofpollutants, such as those ofsolidification/stabilisationsolidification/stabilisation
•• Law nLaw n°° 84/94 article 584/94 article 5 bisbis
•• clause 2, letter c):clause 2, letter c): wheneverwheneverthey result not dangerous atthey result not dangerous atorigin or following treatmentorigin or following treatmentaimed solely at the removal ofaimed solely at the removal ofpollutants, excluding thereforepollutants, excluding thereforethose processes aimed at thethose processes aimed at theimmobilisation of the sameimmobilisation of the samepollutants, such aspollutants, such assolidification/stabilisationsolidification/stabilisation
=
BASINS
Ministerial decree 7/11/2008, article 2 clause 3
Dredged materials that show, also following treatment aimed exclusivelyat the removal of pollutants, contamination levels above those laid downin table 1, attachment 5, part IV, title V of the legislative decree152/06, but below those foreseen in attachment D part IV of thelegislative decree 152/06, may be backfilled in containing structures
MANAGEMENT HYPOTHESESMANAGEMENT HYPOTHESESREMOVALREMOVAL
From the water circuitFrom the water circuit
toto ““authorisation for useauthorisation for use””
THE BASINSTHE BASINSFrom containers as a complement of the reclamation interventionFrom containers as a complement of the reclamation intervention
to port worksto port works
NATURENATURE
•• A list of the projects attached to the Presidential Decree of 12A list of the projects attached to the Presidential Decree of 12/4/96 entitled/4/96 entitled ““Act ofAct ofreference and coordination for the activation of article 40, clareference and coordination for the activation of article 40, clause 1 of the law nuse 1 of the law n°° 146 of146 of22/02/94 concerning dispositions regarding evaluations of enviro22/02/94 concerning dispositions regarding evaluations of environmental impactnmental impact”” RecoveryRecoveryof soil from the seaof soil from the sea
•• Definition article 5, Environmental CodeDefinition article 5, Environmental Code -- environmental impactenvironmental impact: the qualitative and/or: the qualitative and/orquantitative alteration of the environment, direct or indirect,quantitative alteration of the environment, direct or indirect, short or long term, permanentshort or long term, permanentor temporary, single or cumulative, positive or negative, enviroor temporary, single or cumulative, positive or negative, environment being understood as anment being understood as asystem of relations betweensystem of relations between anthropicanthropic, naturalist,, naturalist, chemicochemico--physical, climatic, landscape,physical, climatic, landscape,architectonic, cultural, agricultural and economic factors, comiarchitectonic, cultural, agricultural and economic factors, coming about as a consequenceng about as a consequence ofofthe activation on the territory of plans or programmes or projecthe activation on the territory of plans or programmes or projects in the various phases ofts in the various phases oftheir realisation, management and divestment, as well as possibltheir realisation, management and divestment, as well as possible malfunctions;e malfunctions;
•• Definition article 2, Ministerial Decree 471/99Definition article 2, Ministerial Decree 471/99 -- Environmental clean up:Environmental clean up: interventions forinterventions forenvironmental and landscape requalification, making up a componeenvironmental and landscape requalification, making up a component of the reclamationnt of the reclamationinterventions in the cases where such are requested, that allowinterventions in the cases where such are requested, that allow the recovery on the site ofthe recovery on the site ofan effective and definitive usability for its proposed usage, inan effective and definitive usability for its proposed usage, in conformity with theconformity with the VALIDVALIDplanning instruments, ensuring preservation of the quality of thplanning instruments, ensuring preservation of the quality of the environmental matrices.e environmental matrices.
•• Definition article 240, Environmental CodeDefinition article 240, Environmental Code -- Clean up and environmental clean up:Clean up and environmental clean up:interventions for environmental and landscape requalification, ainterventions for environmental and landscape requalification, also making up a complementlso making up a complementto reclamation interventions and those made to ensure permanentto reclamation interventions and those made to ensure permanent safety, that allow thesafety, that allow therecovery on the site of an effective and definitive usability forecovery on the site of an effective and definitive usability for its proposed usage inr its proposed usage inconformity with planning instrumentsconformity with planning instruments
FUNCTIONS
PROGRAMMING
Environmentalrequalification
Port infrastructureworks
Effectiveness,efficiency and
economicmanagement for the
P.A.
