Drill: Draw & name 3 isomers of C4H8O. (each isomer must contain a carbonyl

group)

CarboxylicAcids

Carboxylic Acids•Organic compounds with carboxyl groups

Carboxylic Acids

O

R-C R-COOH

OH

Common Acids

Formic Acid

O

H-C

OH

Methanoic Acid

Acetic Acid O

CH3-C

OHEthanoic acid

Propionic Acid O

CH3-CH2-C

OHPropanoic acid

Butyric Acid O

CH3CH2CH2C

OHButanoic acid

Fatty Acids•Continuous-chain

carboxylic acids isolated from fats

Caproic Acid O

CH3(CH2)4C

OHHexanoic acid

Caprylic Acid O

CH3(CH2)6C

OHOctanoic acid

Capric Acid O

CH3(CH2)8C

OHDecanoic acid

Lauric Acid O

CH3(CH2)10C

OH

Myristic Acid O

CH3(CH2)12C

OH

Palmetic Acid O

CH3(CH2)14C

OH

Stearic Acid O

CH3(CH2)16C

OH

Organic HW•Draw & name 5 isomers (containing a carboxyl group) of C6H12O2

Unsaturated F A

•Oleic acid

•Linoleic acid

•Linolenic Acid

Benzoic Acid O

C OH

Dicarboxylic Acids•Organic compounds

with two carboxyl groups

Oxalic Acid O O

C-C HO OH

Malonic Acid O O

C-CH2-C

HO OH

Succinic Acid O O

C(CH2)2C

HO OH

Glutaric Acid O O

C(CH2)3C

HO OH

Adipic Acid O O

C(CH2)4C

HO OH

Maleic Acid HC=CH

O=C C=O HO OH

OH O=C

HC=CH C=O

HO

Fumaric acid

Phthalic Acid

COOH

COOH

Name:

O HO O

O-P-O-C-C-C

O H H H

-2

Lactic Acid OH

H3C-CH-COOH

Pyruvic Acid

O

H3C-C-COOH

Tartaric Acid

HO-CH-COOH

HO-CH-COOH

Citric Acid H2C-COOH

HO-C-COOH

H2C-COOH

Salicylic Acid

COOH

OH

BP Properties•Alkanes < ketones

•ketones < aldehydes

•aldehydes < alcohols

•alcohols < acids

Fatty Acids•Long chain fatty acids have a polar

and a non-polar end

Name: O

C OH

Name: O

C OH

HO

Drill:•Draw & name 4

carboxyl group containing isomers

of C5H10O2:

Fatty Acid Salts•R-COOH + MOH

•R-COO- M+ + H2O

Fatty Acid Salts•R-COOH + MOH

•R-COO- M+ + H2O

Fatty Acid Salts•HCOOH + KOH

•HCOO- K+ + H2O

Fatty Acid Salts•HCOOH + KOH

•HCOO- K+ + H2O

Fatty Acid Salts•CH3-COOH + NaOH

•CH3-COO- Na+ + H2O

Soaps•Soaps are alkali metal salts of long chain fatty acids

•Yay cleanliness!

Soaps

O-

OHydrophobic end

Hydrophilic end

Explain Soaps, Micelles, & lipid layers

Making Carboxylic

Acids

Making Acids•Strong oxidation of a primary alcohol or an aldehyde

•Use KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7

Making Acids R-CH2-OH

O

R-C

H O

R-COH

oxidation

oxidation

Making Acids CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

O

CH3CH2-COH

K2Cr2O7

Making Acids

-CH2OH

O

-COH

K2Cr2O7

H2SO4