Electrical eqipment and cables for the offshore industry The team players. Phone +47 51 82 78 00 [email protected]www.ahlsell.no We help our customers create a solid value chain. A chain of strong links and elements. Melvær&Lien The Idea Entrepreneur Photo: Tom Haga Drilling in new dimensions ConocoPhillips are ready for a new leap incorporating 3D Visualisation into their Norwegian Onshore Drilling Operations Centre. Page 12 - 13 - FOCUS ON THE OIL AND GAS MARKET EDITION NO 2 • 2005 Deepwater Update Exclusive update on latest: - Latest subsea technology - Deepwater Discoveries - Deepwater Projects Page 2 - 11 New hands join for Shtokman The pressure of high politics rises in the Russian Shtokman project. The new heavyweight Russo-German energy collaboration brings forward new visions forming Shtokman field´s evolution. Page 22 - 25 Резюме на русском языке на стр. 27 - 32 Photo: Hitec Products
Transcript
Electrical eqipment and cables for the offshore industry The team players.
New hands join for ShtokmanThe pressure of high politics rises in the Russian Shtokman project. The new heavyweight Russo-German energy collaboration brings forward new visions forming Shtokman field s evolution.
Page 22 - 25
Резюме на русском языке
на стр. 27 - 32
Phot
o: H
itec
Prod
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The first ever attempt at processing took place on BP’s ZakumfieldinAbuDhabi.Today,30yearslater,subseaprocessingisstillatechnologycomingtoafieldnearyouratherthananestablishedreality.However,withincreasinglymatureresourcesandagrow-ingneedfortechnicalsolutionsatgreatwaterdepthsintheglobalpetroleumbasins,2005mayjustmarkthewatershedandbeayeartoberememberedforsubseaprocessing.
The breakthroughThe ultimate breakthrough for subsea processing has beenannouncedmanytimesbefore. The lasttimewas in2001whenNorskHydro installedoneof theworld's firstsubseaseparators,TrollPilot. Inspiteofoperationalexperiencewiththisunit,thetechnologyisstillwaitingfornewfielddevelopments. “IthinkthattheindustryhadmixedexperienceswithTrollPilot.It demonstrated that the technology was feasible and promising,but also revealed further challenges. After Troll Pilot in a periodwithloweroilprices,notmuchhashappenedwithrespecttofur-therdevelopmentofthistechnology.Theoilcompanieshavepri-oritizeddevelopmentofothertechniquesespeciallywithindrillingandwelltechnology,Nowthepictureisaltered. Today’soilpricesmeanthatthecompaniesareonceagainwillingtotakeonhigherriskstoincreasetherecoveryfromthefields.Subseaprocessingis
oneofthetoolsthatNorwegiancompaniescanusetocompensatefor the drop in production level. The time is definitely right forsubseaprocessing,” saysPrincipalEngineerKalmar Ildstad in theNorwegianPetroleumDirectorate Thetimeisdefinitelyrightforsubseaprocessing,"saysPrincipalEngineerKalmarIldstadintheNorwegianPetroleumDirectorate.
The water problemHowcansubseaprocessingbethecureforthechallengesfacingtheoilcompaniesontheNorwegianShelf?Thekeywordhereiswater.
High water production is typical for many mature oil fields,including on the Norwegian Shelf. The water must be broughttothesurfacewiththeoil,eitherwiththeaidofthenaturalres-ervoir pressure or through well pumping. This is followed by acomplicatedpurificationprocessbeforethewaterisdischargedorpossiblyreinjectedintothereservoir. "The water in the production stream introduces a numberof problems, including corrosion in the pipe systems, hydrateformation and increased pressure drop that can lead to lowerproduction.Thewatertakesupmuchofthecapacity,bothinthepipelinesandintheprocessunitatthefieldcenter,alsocompli-
In the wake of Troll PilotThirty years of development towards subsea processing - and the oil industry is still waiting for the great watershed in technological development. Has the time finally come for building next generation of subsea processing installations?
subsea development:
the
ultim
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aTHE BREAKTHROUGH: the troll Pilot project by norsk hydro was considered the breakthrough for subsea processing. Four years later, the norwegians ready for the next generation of subsea installations.(Photo norsk hydro)
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catingthephasinginofsatellitefieldssituatedfarfrom existing facilities," says Principal EngineerErik Abrahamsen in the Norwegian PetroleumDirectorate.
Separation and compressionThis is where subsea separation enters the pic-ture. With a separator installed on the seabed,thewatercanbeseparatedoutandreinjectedintothereservoirbeforethelong,costlyjourneytothesurface.Thisallowsforefficientdevelopmentofnewoil resources fromsurroundingdiscoveries,andalsoprovidestheopportunityformorepro-ductionfromexistingsubseafieldswithincreas-ingwaterproductionandlowerabilitytodeliver.Thismeansmoreoilandmoremoney intheoilcompanies'pockets. Subseaseparationwillalsomakeiteasiertousesubsea pumping and compression of the liquidandgasstreamsfromtheseparator. The move towards subsea compression of gasaddresses important challenges associated withpetroleum activities in the northern areas. Thetechnologycouldbeacost-effective solution forall gas fields located far away from infrastruc-ture. "Subsea compression is interesting for anysubseadevelopedgasfieldsituatedfarawayfromtheprocessingfacilities.Todaythistechnologyisrelevantforseveralfieldsandfielddevelopmentssuch as Åsgard, Ormen Lange and Snøhvit. Italsogivesinterestingperspectivesforseveraldis-coverieswhichare intheearlyplanningphase.”saysIldstad
The Norwegian operatorsTodayStatoilandHydrooperatemorethan90%ofallsubseainstallationsontheNorwegianShelf.Thebenefitofcopingwithcapacityconstraintsinthe transport system and pressure drop is greatenoughinitself,andexplainsinpartthewilling-nesstotakeriskstobreakboundariesonthesea-bed.FlatterproductioncurvesontheNorwegian
Shelfarealsoforcingthecompaniesoutintotheglobal competition for futureoil reserves. HereStatoilandHydroareforcedtotaketheirplaceintheranksofmedium-sizedoilcompanies. Technological development of advanced pro-duction solutions is Statoil's and Hydro's mostimportant tool for securing larger and moreimportantassignmentsabroad.
Northern areas, Gulf of MexicoBothStatoilandHydroarepromotingthesubseatechnologyusedonSnøhvitandOrmenLangeinordertogainaccesstothegiganticShtokmangasfieldontheRussiansideoftheBarentsSea. In the Gulf of Mexico, growing water pro-duction is challenging the phase-in options fornew and smaller discoveries in deep water. Atthe same time, exploration activity is movingfurther out into the Gulf, often into ultra-deepareaswherethewaterismorethan3000metersdeep. Thisplacesnewdemandsontherangeofmultiphase transport. If thewater isdealtwithrightatthewellheads,manyproblemsareeasiertoovercome.West AfricaIn West Africa, the focus is gradually movingfromdevelopmentofthevastfieldstoextendingfieldlifetime. Duetothedeepwater,theopera-torsfacechallengeslinkedtoflowratesfromthewell. Moreover, floatingproductionandstorageunits dominate in this region, and these unitshavecapacityconstraintsbothas regardspowersupply and processing. Subsea processing cansave the FPSOs from using precious energy onprocessing,pumpingandreinjectionofwater. The high oil prices have spurred deep waterplayers likeBP,ExxonMobilandTotal to imple-mentsubseatechnologyprogramsaimedatdeepwater.TotalisapartnerontheTordisfield,andmaythusbeabletoutilizeoperationalexperiencefromthisfieldinotherpetroleumareas.
neXt generation: the next generation of subsea compression units are strongly considered for fields like ormen lange and snøhvit. (Photo norsk hydro)
Other processing projects on the Norwegian Shelf
Gas compressionOrmen Lange:Op: norsk hydro
Goal: subsea compression pilot on ormen lange by 2011-2012.
Status: technology maturing and qualification of critical components.
Contract: Vetco gray, aker kværner subsea studies on power intake.
Sleipner B:Op: statoil
Goal: installation of unmanned compression platform in 2008. gathering operating experience that is relevant for a subsea installation.
Status: technology qualification.
Contract: supplier to be decided in the summer of 2006.
Åsgard subsea compression:Goal: installation of subsea compression unit at Åsgard in 2010.
Status: setting up project.
Contract: Progress unknown.
Progress: if successful, it may be relevant for statoil-operated fields such as snøhvit, mikkel, midgard, tyrihans.
Injection of raw SeawaterTyrihans:Op: statoil
Project status: Pdo July 2005 with injection of raw seawater in base case.
Investments: nok 13 billion
Production: 2009 to kristin.
Contracts: not awarded. statoil will send out inquiries for tender for subsea system.
Goal: injection of raw seawater (pumping 14,000 cubic metres per day) from the seabed.
Subsea separationCamilla/Belinda, Astero:Op: norsk hydro
Status: Pdo postponed due to new find in the astero well in may 2005. subsea separation is considered as an alternative for field development.
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Focus on the oil & gas market
Subsea Separation:1970 BP trial in Zakum Field, abu dhabi1987 texacos subsea separatpr/slug catcher installed for tie in for higlander tartan platform north sea1989 British offshore engineering technology separator trial in argyll field north sea.2000 norsk hydros troll Pilot for separation and water injection in the troll c Field.2001 Petrobras operational test offshore Brazil on marimba-field of a gas-liquid separator known as Vasps, vertical annular separation and pumping system.2006 Petrobras testing of new Vasp-concept on Jubarte Field in corporation with aBB and Fmc.
Subsea Multiphase booster Pumps1993 agip in Prezioso field italy. (nuovo Pignone/sasp twin screw pump)1994 shell draugen field norway (Framo helioaxial hydraulic pump)1997 statoil lufeng field china (Framo helioaxial hydraulic pump)2000 exxonmobil in topacio field, equatooial guinea (Framo helioaxial hydraulic pump)2000 Petrobras marlim Field Brazil ( twin screw pump in Westinghouse electric motor)2004 eni in Balmoral field north sea, (aker kværner subsea, multibooster twin screw pump)
2004 BP schiehallion north sea (Framo subsea multiphase boosting pump) 2005 Petrobras on the marlim field test of a deepwater multiphase prototype pump , called sBms-500.
1970
-200
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Highlights of subsea processing
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Operating goals:
Lost circulation, reduction by 30%Back remaining problems, reduction by 20%Kick situations, reduction by 20%
R T D y n a m i c M o d e l i n g w i t h 3 D v i s u a l i z a t i o n ; e - d r i l l i n g
Advanced Real Time dynamic modeling ofdrilling merged with 3D visualization into a"virtual wellbore" creates a step-change indrilling process control. The most advancedDrilling Models facilitate RT forward looking,drilling optimization and prevention of costly problems.
www.first-interactive.comwww.hitecproducts.no
www.marhyd.comwww.sintef.no
Thissummermarksan importantmile-stone for seabed separation as StatoilwithFMCKongsberggoessubseasepa-ration to improve recovery from theTordis field in the Tampen area. ThefirstsubseaseparationstationsinceTrollPilotcouldbesettostartproductionasearlyas2007.
Heritage from Troll PilotPicking up the innovation baton afterTroll Pilot proved difficult in a climatewith a general industry decline and oilpricesoflessthan20dollarsabarrel. “Troll pilot was a huge step forwardin technology and an extremely impor-tant contribution to gain the neededexperience. It was a door-opener thatmade the suppliers believe this was thenext generation of subsea development.
Troll Pilot gave impetus to the subse-quent maturing of the technology,” saysEricUlland,Statoil’sprojectmanager inSICOR(Subseaincreasedrecovery). In the wake of Troll Pilot, Statoilworkedoncasestudiestodocumenttheupside potential of subsea processing.At the same time, Demo 2000 arrivedon the scene,with subseaprocessingasoneofitsmainfocusareas.ThesewereimportantcontributingfactorswhichledStatoil to prepare for the next techno-logical step. During the period 2002– 2004, more than NOK 100 millionwas invested in the Norne TechnologyProject,whereoneofthegoalswas lift-ingthethreemajorsubseasystemsuppli-ersinNorway,enablingthemtosupplyafull-scaleseparationfacilityattheNorneseabed.
The FPSO issueThe Falk, Svale and Stær discoveriesaround2000brought theFPSOissuetotheStatoilcamp. “TheAchillesheeloftheFPSOsisthetransportcapacitythroughtheswivel,aswellasthenumberofnewrisersthatcanbehungoffundertheFPSO.Simplyput,this limits the tie-in possibilities to theunit.IfonewantedtodrillmorearoundNorne, new subsea solutions had to befound,”saysUlland. The solution was to provide powersupply fromtheFPSOtotheseabed,aswellastodeveloptechnologyforsubseaseparation and injection of either pro-duced water or untreated seawater onthe seabed. Both of the systems werequalified in 2004 through the Nornetechnologyproject,whichwasshutdown
Troll Pilot brought Norwegian suppliers and operators to the forefront of subsea processing developments. Now the sector is ready for the first commercial subsea processing project. It goes by the name of Tordis IOR.
tordis ior, subsea project:
Constructing a better underworld
Eric Ulland and Statoil chose FMC
as running partners to build the Tordis
seperator unit. (Photo Eskil Eriksen)
the
next
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TORDIS IOR: A New separation station and pumps is due to recover 19 million barrels of additional oil from October 2007. (Photo: FMC Technologies and Statoil)
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afterseveraldryholes.Nevertheless,theresultsformthebackboneinthedevelopment of solutions for boththeTordisandTyrihansprojects.
TordisToday,oilproducedfromtheTordismanifold in the Tampen area istransported in two pipelines toGullfaksCforprocessing.Capacityconstraints in the transport systemisoneofthebottlenecksforincreas-ing oil production from Tordis.The fact is that Statoil thinks thatanother 3 million cubic meters ofoil could be extracted in increasedproduction from Tordis if this bot-tleneckwasremoved. TheproblemisnotjustthattheTordiswellstreamisunabletomeetthepressurefromGullfaks C. A drop in pressure intheTordiswellsresultsinlargevol-umesofwaterthatwillbeproducedalongwithmoreoil andsand. Thetransport pipelines to Gullfaks Cdo not have the capacity to handlethisflow.
Subsea boosting and separationAcombinationofsubseaseparationand pumping is an attractive solu-tion to this challenge. In the sum-mer of 2006, Statoil will take theopportunity to install a tie-inpointonthepipelinesbetweentheTordisfield and the Gullfaks platform.Thisworkwilltakeplaceinconnec-tionwithaplannedshutdownontheGullfaksfield.Theseparatorstationthatistoseparateanddump20,000cubicmetersofwaterfromthewell-stream down to the groundwater
formationUtsirawillbeputinplacethefollowingyear.Thenewsepara-tor station will have a productionpressureofaslowas30-35barfromtheTordiswellscomparedwithover100bartoday. After the water is dumped, mul-tiphase pumps will boost the well-stream to meet the pressure onGullfaks.
Risk and safety“TheTordisprojectwillachievegoodeconomy simply by removing thewaterandboostingtheoil,butsepara-tionisanattractivetechnologywhenitcomestomakingcapacityavailableforphasinginnewdiscoveries. Tordishasanupsidethroughsubseaseparationincombinationwithfuturewell maintenance measures. Thesewill generate even more productionthrough exploiting the whole poten-tialofsubseaseparation,”saysUlland.Statoilstillrunstheriskthatthesepa-ratorstationwillnotwork.Butsincetheseparatorisjustaby-pass,currentproductionfromTordiscanbemain-tainedinanyevent.
Critical componentsTroll Pilot demonstrated that thegreatest technological challengeassociated with subsea processingis electrical components and tie-intechnology.Statoilanditssuppliersstill have some way to go on this,accordingtoUlland. “The hitch is getting couplingsthataregoodenoughtoresistwaterpenetrationovertime.Ithasprovendifficult to keep this environment
Bottleneck blues: Statoils Tampen area is gradually maturing leading to capacity constraints in the transport system. A combination of subsea processing and multiphase boosting is the winning technology overcoming bottlenecks in the transport system. (Photo: Statoil)
Constructing a better underworld
totally free from penetration.The slightest contaminationcan lead to short-circuiting orearthfaults.” “What operational challengescomewiththeTordisseparator?”“We know that sand with thewellstream will be an opera-
tionalchallenge.Thismakesusdependent on a robust systemtohandlethesand.Thepumpsmust also be capable of han-dlingsomesand,butthesystemisdesignedtodumpsandwiththe produced water down intotheUtsiraformation.”
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Focus on the oil & gas market
AMERICAS: The Gulf of MexicoThe deep water season 2005 openedwiththefirstproductionbyBP,thefirstoftwomajordeepwaterdevelopmentsintheGulfofMexico,MadDog.Sincethen,a number of discoveries have expandedthe field’s connection possibilities andlifetime.Theoperatordrilledasuccess-fulappraisalwellingreenCanyon,block825, and is ready for a new explorationwell in thePumaprospectwestofMadDog. BP has also made a discovery intheStonesprospectinawildcatwellinultradeepwaterintheWalkerRidgearea.Thediscoveryisoneofseveraldiscover-iesexhibitingthesametrendasUnocal’sSt. Malo discovery southwest, and BHP
Billiton’sCascadeandChinookdiscover-iesnortheast. Inaddition, several, inde-pendentshavemadediscoveriesthatcanbe connected to existing infrastructurehubs, such as the Independence Hub,theBoomvangHubandtheMarcoPoloplatform. Australian outfit BHP Billitons hasapproved the Neptune project withinvestments of NOK 5-6 billion. Thefield, located in the Atwater Valley, isto be developed with a TLP (TensionLeg Platform) development connectedto seven subsea wells. The first oil willflow in 2007. The next BHP-operatedproject in the series will be the Shenziproject in which Modec was awarded
FEED for a TLP solution. Projectapproval is expected in the course of2005. Meanwhile, the Chevron Texacoproject Blind Faith is approaching finalconceptselection.Thisdecisionmaybetakenduringthesummer, followedbyaFEEDphase.
BrazilInBrazil,Petrobrascontinuestouncoverthe secrets of block 500 in the Santosbasin.Well3-RJS-621isanappraisalwellshowing significantamountsof lightoilin an area where one major gas discov-ery has already been made. Petrobrascontinues to assess the reserves in thearea,indicatingfirstgasproductionfrom
Deepwater UpdateOilinfo read the temperature of the latest developments in the global deepwater arena. Read about the oil companies’ successful discoveries worldwide in �005, and the latest deepwater projects.
The global deepwater arena:
succ
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parts of the discovery as early asin 2008. In the Campos basin theBrazilianoperator isabout toenterinto the pre-engineering phase atP-55 FPSO. Aker Kværner is saidtohavesubmittedthe lowestFEEDcontracttenderfortheunit.Possiblefirst oil from can be expected in2008/2009.TheMarlimEastprojecthasalsobeenapprovedthisyearwithdevelopmentbasedonanFPUunit,P-53.KeppelFels secured themaincontract this spring for re-buildingthehull.MarlimSouthprojectcon-tinuesinthedesignphasewithfirstpossibleproductionin2008,accord-ingtoPetrobras.
WEST AFRICA: AngolaBP and ExxonMobil continue theirexploration successes in block 31with one discovery each, in theCeres-1 and Palas-1 wells, respec-tively.Pre-FEEDforafielddevelop-ment in the north-eastern part ofblock 31 is ongoing parallel withfurther exploration activities. BP isnowaimingforanew,floatingfielddevelopmentfortheblock.
Nigeria2005maybecometheyearinwhichNigeria’s deepwater projects reachan important turning point. Shell’sBonga project may become thecountry’s second deepwater devel-opment in production, followingEni’sdeepwaterdebutwiththeAboproject in 2003. Due to the lackof infrastructure in Nigeria, Shellhas postponed the Bonga produc-tion for more than two years. Nowthecompanyspokespersonsexpectsfirstoilby2005.
In May, Total approved its firstdeepwater development in Nigeria,Akpo. Thefield is tobedevelopedwithanFPSOconnectedto22pro-ductionwellsand22waterandgasinjectionwells.Mostmaincontractshavebeenawardedandfirstoilistoflowin2008.
Chevron Texaco reports that thecompany will invest NOK 16 bil-lion in theAbgamiproject in2005.In February, the company awardedthe EPIC contract for the FPSOfortheprojecttotheSouth-KoreanDaewoo Shipping and MaritimeEngineering.
As regards exploration, Nigerianauthorities are considering appli-cations from oil companies for 61onshore and deepwater blocks ina new licensing round. Signing ofcontractsisexpected31Augustthisyear.
MauritaniaThe Woodsides Chinguetti fieldopensMauritiania’sfirstoilproduc-tion.WithSmedvigbeeingrecentlyincluded among the Norwegiansuppliers, the field is set to enterproduction in 2006. Woodside stillcontinues evaluation of the Tiofproject, which is triple the size ofthe Chinguetti, after the successfulappraisalwellTiof6inFeburarythisyear.Regardinggas,DanaPetroleumis looking for operators for a pos-sible LNG solution on its Pelicanproject.
ASIA PACIFIC: IndiaIn India the state-owned oil com-pany ONGC, India's Oil & NaturalGas Corporation, is finally seeinglight at the end of the tunnel fol-lowing an expensive and fairly drydrilling campaign in the KrishnaGodavaribasin.
Severallargegasdiscoveriesinshal-low waters this year may lead togreater interest in the country'sfifth licensing round, which is setto be carried out in the course ofthe year. The licensing round willalso includedeepwaterareas in theKrishnaGodavaribasin.
MalaysiaMurphy Oil showered its supplierswith contracts in January. MalaysiaInternational Shipping CorporationwontheFPSOcontract.Atthesametime,MurphycontinuesexplorationactivityintheKikeharea.Twonewoil discoveries have been recordedin the Kikeh block K in 2005. Botharepossiblesubseatiebacks.
310305 BP Block 31, Ceres-15,844 barrels per daythrough 44/64 Choke
Pre-feed together withExploration. Feed by end2005
Sixth discovery in block.Possible first oil 2010
1 633 metres
150205 ExxonMobil Block 31 Palas-15,330 barrels of oilper day, through a5/8- choke
Fifth oil found in block
Fourth discovery in block
270105 Murphy Oil Azurite Marine 1Over 100 millionsbarrels of oil
Further Appr./Expl. 2005 1510 metres
• Congo
Deepwater Victories
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Focus on the oil & gas market
There is no doubt in the oil industry that the futureopportunitieswithine-operationsorintegratedopera-tionsmeanhigherrecovery,lowerproductioncostsand
asaferworkingenvironment.FiguresfromtheNorwegianOilIndustry Association show that e-operations can contributetoa10%riseinproduction,anda30%declineinoperationalcosts. This is provided that the industry uses and developstechnologyforthisobjective.
"The technology has been available for a long time, but theoil industry has proven to be rather conservative in its use ofnewopportunities,"saysMikeHerbert,ConocoPhillipsOnshoreDrillingCentreAdvisor.Norwayiscurrentlyfrontingthetechno-logicaldevelopmentinthedirectionofe-operationsorintegratedoperations,believesHerbert.Hisownemployerwasamongthefirstoilcompaniestoestablishaland-baseddrillingcentrewithrealtimeaccesstodatafromdrillingintheNorthSea.
Other disciplines are examplesNowtheoperatorissupportingseveralprojectsthataretofindnewandbettermethodsforusingtheinfrastructureanddatafromthedrillingcentre.Withthedrillingcentres,theamountofinformationtolandhasrisen.Thechallengeliesinapplyingtheinformationeffectivelyininterdisciplinarycooperation.
"Therearebetterwaysofpresenting information. In the sub-surfaceworld,theyhavetakenthestepfromlinesonpapertoavisualimageofthegeologyorthereservoir.
Visualisation has become a powerful tool to help other disci-plinesunderstandageologicalproblem.Thisiswherewehavetobringinthedrillingtechnology,"saysHerbert.
“Therearebetterwaysofpresenting information. In thesub-surfaceworld,theyhavetakenthestepfromlinesonpapertoavisualimageofthegeologyorthereservoir.Visualisationhasbecomeapowerfultooltohelpotherdisciplinesunderstandageologicalproblem.Thisiswhatwehavetobringinthedrillingtechnology,”saysHerbert.
Technological leapThis is the technological leap which a group of suppliers- consisting of SINTEF, Hitec Products Drilling, MaritimeHydraulics and First Interactive - want to take, with supportfrom ConocoPhillips and Petromaks. The collaboration drawsonyearsofresearchandexperienceinthefieldofdrillingtech-nology, integrated operations and 3D-visualisation. This col-laborationshall leadtoadeliveryofa3DvisualisationpackagetoConocoPhillips’onshoredrillingcentre.ThefirstequipmentdeliveryisstartingasearlyasintheQ12006.
Realtime visualisationHere, the new unit will combine data in the drilling centrewith3Dvisualisationof thedrillingoperation.Thatway, thedrillingoperatorandthesupportingteamonshorecanobtaina visual image, in realtime, of the entire drilling operation-enablingthemtofocusonthedownwholetarget,theequip-
mik
e he
rber
t
Drilling in new dimensions3D technology has already gained a foothold in several disciplines within the oil industry. Now, ConocoPhillips is to take the final leap into realtime 3D visualisation of drilling operations.
SCREENS:
the drilling operator
can monitor equipment, wells
and reservoirs in realtime
while drilling.
3D
Mike Herbert, ConocoPhillips
Onshore Drilling Centre Advisor.
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Dinlokale-norskelogistikk-partner..
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mentinthedrillstringandthebit,wellconditions,themudcolumnandconditionsoutsideofthewellandthereservoir.CombinatedwithSINTEF’sadvancedmathematicalrealtimemodelsduringdrilling,thenewtechnologyshouldalsobeabletolookforwardinthedrillingproc-ess.Thisopensnewsimulationpossibilities. In combination with SINTEF's advanced mathematical realtimemodelsduringdrilling,thenewtechnologyshouldalsobeabletolookforward in the drilling process. This opens possibilities for simula-tion.
SimulationThe wishing wells on the Norwegian Shelf are history. The wellsextendforgreaterdistances,havemorebranches,andhavechallengingreservoirs, with difficult pressure and temperature conditions. ThismakeswellproblemsandriskdevelopmentintheeventofkickstooneofthemajorchallengesonNCS.
Cost-cutting and integrationTheproblemsinthewellscurrentlyamounttoannualcostsinthebil-lions(inNorwegiancurrency)fortheoilcompanies.Theobjectiveofthecurrentprojectistoreducethiscostby30%.ForaglobalenergygroupsuchasConocoPhillips,theinvestmentine-operationsispartofalargergoal.“Themostimportantthingisthatthischangesthewaywework. Ifwesucceed,wecanbecomemoreeffective,andcutcosts.Ifwecanlearntocommunicateeffectivelyacrossdisciplinesandnationalbound-ariesindecision-makingprocesses,westandtogainevenmore,”Herbertadds.
3Doilinfo
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Focus on the oil & gas market
“We are well beyond primary school of well construction on theNorwegianshelf,andabouttograduatetohighschool.” ThisishowOddbjørnKopperstad,BakerHughes’managerformarketandtechnol-ogyScandinavia,sumsupthestateofthepetroleumindustryontheNorwegianshelf.
Based on the current situation, for a service company like Baker OilTools,wehavedefinedatechnologystrategyasoutlinedbelowstatesKopperstad:
Baker Strategy-Weallownocompromisesregardingtotalquality!Thisimpliesthatmoreresourcesmustbespentduringtheplanningandexecutionofawelloperation,andmorerigidequipmentqualificationprocessesarerequired. The “Zero incident philosophy” is extended beyond peopleandenvironmenttoalsoincludetechnicalperformance. -Wellsolutionswhereanextendedpartofthereservoirisdrainedperwell.Thecompletionequipmenthasbecomemoreadvanced,andhigherdemandsareputonoperationalperformanceandlifecycleeconomics.
Expanding Technology -Operatorsseeknewsolutionsinwellconstruction.Theindustryhasgreatexpectationstotheemergingexpandablepipetechnology.Thistechnology could cause a paradigm shift in well construction. Theobviousbenefitsarequickerandmoreeffectivewellconstruction,andtheopportunitytodeploylighter,moreeffectiveandadaptivedrillingfacilitiesandvessels.BakerOilToolshavesignedatechnologydevelop-mentagreementwithStatoiltosolvethedownholechallenges.Averyexitinganddemandingproject,saysKopperstad.
Total Solutions and IT-Suppliesoftotalsolutionsaremorefrequentlyrequested.Morethanever the importance of total, integrated thinking and cooperationbetweenoperatorandcontractorwillbeemphasized.Asatotalsup-plierBakerHughesisfocusedonitsabilitytodelivercompletesolutionsinwellconstruction,includingplanning,drillingandcompletion. -EffectiveuseofITimprovesaccesstocrucialexpertiseindecisionmakingprocessesduringoffshoreoperations.Theindustryisheadedtowards a future where onshore operation centers become a centralpartoftheoperation,wherealltechnicalinformationisreadilyavail-abletoapanelofexperts.
max
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Mature approach to NCS
With the easiest accessible petroleum reserves already produced, there are new challenges ahead for service companies on the Norwegian shelf. Oddbjørn Kopperstad of Baker Oil Tools outlines the future challenges on NCS.
Gullfaks . (Photo: Statoil)
Brandt in NorwayOffers full range of solids control
Oddbjørn Kopperstad, Baker Hughes’ manager for market and techno-
logy Scandinavia
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Drilling
Afirmhandshake,afriendlysmile.Two flashingblueeyesandRolfLeknes is already climbing the
stairs to his office with patient steps.Attentive,patient,butefficient. The longdarkness, strikesandwinterstormshadtogivewaytoashiningwhitelight for the Norwegian supplier indus-try.SummernowformsasultrycapoverWeatherford Norge, and in the heat oftheopenofficesyoucanfeelthetensionofpent-upenergy.Oilpricesarehittingrecordhighs.
Rarely has there been more activity ontheNorwegianShelf,andcapacityinthemarket ispushed to thebreakingpoint.Obviously, the Director of Weatherfordhas a smile in place in this situation.However,foramanwhoeasilybecomesimpassioned about the framework con-ditionsforthesupplier industry, today’soilpricesarenotsynonymouswithpros-perityforthesupplierindustry.
But what about the grand speeches?“Idon’tidentifywiththegrandspeechesmade by the oil companies, or state-ments like “We want our suppliers toearn money.” These points disappearsomewherealongthewaydownthroughthe organization,” says Leknes, leaningover his desk with a growing pile ofgraphs showing development of steelprices.Heexplains: “Because of increased prices for rawmaterials, thereareonlymarginalearn-
ingsinoldercontracts.Whentheesca-lation clauses in the contracts do notcovertheactualincrease,andthereisnopossibility of discussing an adjustmentwiththeoilcompanies,thereisreallynopoint to all these fine speeches. Highoilpricesdonotautomaticallymeanbigprofitsforus,”saysLeknes.
Strong opinionsRolf Leknes has always been commit-ted and determined, whether in hisjob as director in Weatherford, reel-ing in salmon at his country house inVindafjord,layingatilefloorinhisbath-roomathome,orspeakingoutonbehalfofthesupplierindustry. “Yes, I have plenty of opinions abouttheindustry,butIdon’tbelieveinwhin-ing. Youdon’thaveanyrightto justgoon talking about things if you don’t getinvolved and try to make an impact.ThatiswhyIgotinvolvedinOLF.
Style, steel and salmonRolf Leknes is enthusiastic by nature, whether reeling in salmon from the river near his country house, or when taking a hit from high steel prices.
rolf
lekn
es
in the aBscence oF Business: Whenever unoccupied by contract relations and the increase in steel prices, rolf leknes goes fishing. or work a little more. (Photo rolf leknes)
Rolf Leknes, CEO of Weatherford Norge .
(Photo Weatherford).
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Oilinfo Portrait
It is my duty to work towards achangeintheframeworkconditionsand contract terms for the supplierindustry.Wemustfightagainstcon-tractualrelationshipsthatarebecom-ingincreasinglycynical,”hesays.
“Is there a general trend towards cynicism in the industry?”“No, not when it comes to safety. Here I feel that the industry is show-ing a true commitment to under-line that human beings are the most important factors, regardless of busi-ness interests,” says Leknes.“I have first-hand knowledge of the safety issue. I cannot condone any-thing that endangers anyone. I have made this clear from my very first day on the job: Here in Weatherford we will not do anything that endangers our employees or others.
From shipping to OffshoreThere was much to indicate thatRolfLekneswouldendupintheoilindustry, but there were also sig-nificant events that pulled in otherdirections. Leknes was born inHaugesundin1962,atownfoundedonshippingandintoafamilywherecareers usually were orientedtowardsthesea.Therefore,itcameas no surprise that Leknes chose amaritime education in his home-townin1978.ThiswasagoldenageinNorwegianoilhistory,andmanypeople with Leknes’ backgroundwouldfindtheirprofessionalhomesinthatindustry.Butjusttwoshortyearslatercamethedarkestchapterinouroilhistory.
The one who never came backMarch 1980: Leknes is once againforced to accept that there are nofamily members on the boat fromStavanger.Theflowofinformationfrom the oil company Phillips andthepoliceisconfusing.Sometimes,liketoday,thereisarayofhopewhenthefamilyistoldthatthebrotherison his way home on the boat fromStavanger. At other times, there isonlydespair. A few weeks earlier, the brotheroffered to work a shift offshorefor his buddy. After two hours ofsafety training, it was straight outto the North Sea to the rig namedAlexander Kielland. His brotherwasfounddeadtendayslater.
The oil industry, neverthelessNevertheless, in 1982 Leknesis facing his first trip offshore to
the ”Simbad Saxon” drilling rig,as a field inspector for the SmithInternational company, Drilco. Awoman named Mari, who is nowLeknes’ wife, brought him fromthe fjords of northern Rogaland tothe open landscape of Jæren in thesouth. TheDrilco jobwas the firstand best offer he had close to hisnew home. However, memories ofthepaststillgivehimthechills,andon board the rig a six-man cabinand a common bucket under thebedtourinateiniswhatwaswaitingoffshore.
“And you did it anyway. Why?”“Obviously,Ithoughtalotaboutmyparentsandwhathadhappened.Afamily with a lot of mariners knewthat such things could happen inthe oil industry, just like anywhereelse.Atthesametime,Ihadchosena profession I did not want to giveup.The fishermanThe following years, Leknes hasconstantly been on the look-outfor greater and bigger challengesin the oil industry, first in Drilcothen in Az International Norge,Salvesen Completion Systems, KLOilToolsandIndependentOiltools.In1994,LeknesgavehimselfovertoWeatherford, which had bought uptheactivitiesofallthecompanieshehad been involved in. Since then,he worked his way up through theranksuntil,landinginthedirector’schairin2001.
“What do you do to take your mind off the oil industry?”“More work. I have always likedworkingwithmyhands,andIhavean endless supply of projects athome. Another method of findingpeaceofmindissalmon-fishing.
“If you had to choose a different industry, what would you pick?”“It would have to be a fish farmer,inthehigh-techendoftheindustrywhere there are challenges to besolved.
When can we expect to see Rolf Leknes as a fish farmer?”“On days when I’ve had enough ofthis,”hesays,withhishandhoveringabove the rapidly growing graphschartingsteelprices.
MARITIME SYSTEMS ASMEKANISK/ELEKTROTEKNISK ENTREPRENØR
We have been operatingas an engineering andcontracting company for theoil and gas industry on theNorwegian Shelf since 1995,manufacturing and installingequipment and systems for anumber of companies.
Maritime Systems is a contractor andimportant supplier of turn key systemsContractingElectro technical installationsControl and safety systemsHVACMechanical turn key project
SystemsFluid Management SystemsWell Service/Pumping Equip.Data Acqusition SystemsExplosion proof systems
oilinfo
oilinfo news - edititon no 2 - 2005 1�
Focus on the oil & gas market
The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) expected20-25 exploration wells in the course of 2005, while theMinistry for Petroleum and Energy had the most opti-mistic estimate, with 30-40 initiated exploration wells.Halfwaythroughtheyear,thestatusissixinitiatedexplo-rationwells.
Breaking the enchantmentAlthoughtheconditionsarerightforexplorationactivitiesreachinganewrecord lowin2005, theNorwegianShelfmayalreadyhavemade twonewdiscoveries that canbeentered into the score. Shell has made the greatest gasdiscoveryontheNorwegianShelfsince1997intheOnyxwellintheNorwegianSea.Thediscoverymaybeaslargeas60billionSm3ofrecoverablegas.
"Hopefully we have broken the enchantment that hasbeen resting on the Norwegian Sea the last few years,"says Exploration Director Christian Bukovics of Shell toOilinfo.HehopesthediscoverycanbecomethebasisforanewcentreoffielddevelopmentintheNorwegianSea.
The future of the Norwegian SeaToday, Statoil and Hydro are each occupied with theirownhigh-risk,deep-waterprospectintheNorwegianSea.Hydro's Stetind is working towards a gas prospect, butafterStatoil'soildiscoveryindeepwaters,Ellida,northofOrmen Lange, the operator is prepared to handle comewhatmay.Tulipanisbeingdrilledinblock6302/6westoftheOrmenLangefieldat1250metres'seadepth.
There are several interesting wells in the immediatefuture. Total E&P Norges' Hans prospect in licence 323is themostpromising.Thedrillingwill takeplace intheblock next to the Onyx well - where the temperature is,toputitmildly,high.Statoilistodrilltwohigh-riskwellsinMidnattsollicence282andEdvardalicence322inthedeepwaterareasoftheNorwegianSea.
Blows in the Barents SeaIn the Barents Sea, the oil industry has had some nastyblowsin2005.Hydroencounteredasignificant,butnon-recoverableoildiscoveryintheObelixwell.Furthereast,StatoilcameupdryinitsGuovcawell.DuringitsdrillingcampaignintheBarentsSea,thedrillingrig"EirikRaude"caused three accidental discharges, including 1600 litresofhydraulicoil.Notonlydidthiscreatedelaysinthedrill-
ingprogrammeontheNorwegianShelf,italsocostdearlyintermsoftrustintheoilcompanies'promisesofzerodischargesandemissions.Nevertheless, Statoil returns to the Barents Sea with Eirik Raudeafter [drilling] the Tulipan well in the Norwegian Sea. The Uranusisthenextitemontheschedule.EirikRaudeisalsotobeusedinanappraisalwellontheGoliatfieldoffHammerfest.Theobjectiveistoprovesufficientresourcesforafielddevelopment.
The most optimistic estimates for exploration activities in �005 suggested as many as �0 exploration wells in the course of the year. As at �� June �005 only six exploration wells have been initiated on the Norwegian Shelf. Meanwhile, Shell's Onyx discovery is the largest gas discovery on the Norwegian Shelf since Ormen Lange.
Exploration year full of contrasts
chris
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Exploration Director Christian
Bukovics of Shell
LATE LIFE: upgrades of statfjord installations are the biggest government sanction in 2005. (Photo statoil)
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NCS Update
We're on top of our projects
Performance. Norwegian energy and aluminium supplier Hydro takes pride in deliveringlarge-scale projects on time and onbudget.
We delivered our latest oil field development, the USD 2.5 billionGrane field, three weeks ahead ofschedule and USD 160 million below budget. We're doing it again on our 10 billion dollar Ormen Langegas field development, scheduled tocome on stream in 2007.
Now Hydro wants to help develop the USD 30 billion Shtokman field in the Barents Sea. On time and onbudget.
To learn more about Hydro's bid for participation in the Shtokman offshore field development project in Russia, please visit:www.hydro.com/shtokman
Technology. Performance. Society.
Progress of a different naturewww.hydro.com/shtokman
Before 2005 really got started, theMinistry for Petroleum and Energyexpected to approve projects for morethan NOK 25 billion. The Norwegianauthoritieshavefoundthemselvesbusierthanexpected.Overthecourseof2005,projectsforNOK34.1billionhavebeenapproved by Norwegian authorities.This includes Hydro's Vilje and FramØst,Statoil'sSkinfaks/Rimfaks,StatfjordSenfase and Volve, and Paladin's EnochandBlane.ThetotalinvestmentsontheNorwegian Shelf will pass the NOK 90billionmark.
At the boundaryThe boundary fields Enoch and Blanehave taken 25 years to get to the fielddevelopmentstage.Thisispartlybecausethe field extends over the boundaryline between Norway and the UnitedKingdom. In July, the fields approachedtheirmostimportantmilestoneyet,whenboth British and Norwegian authoritiesapprovedtheprojects.Itwastheordealby fire of the demarcation agreement.Both British and Norwegian authoritiespassed with flying colours. Blane cannow be developed with three subseawellsconnectedtoBP'sUlaplatform34
kilometres away. Enoch's subsea well isto be phased in to Marathons Brae ontheBritishShelf,19.4kmaway.
Statoil SenfaseStatoil's Statfjord Senfase project is thelargest project the Norwegian authori-ties have involved themselves in thisyear. The project includes investmentsof NOK 16 billion, including the layingofa23-kilometrenew32"gaspipefromStatfjord to the FLAGS system in theBritish sector. The Statfjord installationis to undergo modification in order tohandle a new drainage strategy with itsmain emphasis on gas. The Norwegiansuppliers Aker Kværner, Vetco AibelandSmedvighaveobtainedtheproject'smain contracts at an overall value ofNOK3.1billion.
Future projectsThe future on the Norwegian Shelfbelongs to BP. By 2010 the companywill invest NOK 23.2 in the Norwegianprojects Skarv and Valhall redevelop-ment. The Skarv licence has finallyreachedanagreementonthegasexportsolutionfromthefieldintheNorwegianSea.Thatmeansthatthegaswillbesent
viaÅsgardTransporttothegasterminalatKårstø.ItalsomeansthatBPisaimingfor a FEED phase in the project. AkerKværner,KBR,ABBLummusGlobalandFluor are said to be in good positionstowin thecompetition for theproject'sattractive FEED contract. The award isto take place in the fourth quarter of2005.AtValhall,theFEEDphasestartedwhen a constellation consisting of theNorwegian company Fabricom and theWoodgroup companies Mustang andJP Kenny won the FEED contract. Thepower supply to the BP platform willcome from land,viaanewpowercablefromListatothefield.Here,NexanswontheFEEDcontract,whichincludesbothelectricityandfibre-opticcables.
54 kilometres east of Valhall lies theTrymdiscovery.Here,theoperatorShellissaidtobe in theconcludingstagesofnegotiations with a Danish subsea con-sortium on phasing in the field to theHarald platform, five kilometers awayon the Danish Shelf. The developmentincludesasubseawellwithanexpectedinvestment estimate of NOK 600-700million.
enoc
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ane
Rushing for new NCS projects
Happy: Paladin's Project Manager at
Enoch and Blane has managed to guide the boundary projects to
approval after a 25-year stand-off.
(Photo: Eskil Eriksen)
The Norwegian Shelf is heading for a new investment record in �005, and the new projects are more dynamic than ever. Read about the latest updates on the current and future projects on the Norwegian Shelf.
A face lift: statfjord senfase is to be upgraded to handle gas production worth nok 16 billion.
oilinfo news - edititon no 2 - 2005
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NCS Update
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Expand Your Completion OptionsExpand Your Completion Options
During the opening of the HannoverTrade Fair on 11 April, the GermanChancellor Gerhard Schröder and theRussian President Vladimir Putin wereable to announce an important break-through in the countries' collaborationonenergypolicy.Thecountries'respec-tive gas companies - German BASF, asubsidiary of Wintershall, and RussianGazprom - have been given the go-ahead to develop a project to estab-lishasubseadirectconnectionbetweenthe German gas market and Russia'senormous gas field in Western Siberia.The MOU between the parties estab-lishes that the parties shall collaborateonbuildingtheNorthernEuropeanGasPipeline(NEGP),whichistobelaidfromVyborgnearSt.Petersburg,viatheBalticSea,toGermany.
"Shtokman postponed"Russia expert and researcher Jakub M.Gozimirski at the Norwegian InstituteofInternationalAffairsbelievesthattheweight of such an agreement may beenoughtofurtherpostponeShtokman.
"The Shtokman development entails ahuge investment, and requires a sub-
stantialtechnologicalleap.TheRussiansare more likely to develop their gasresources in Western Siberia beforeShtokman. This is an area in which theRussians have years of experience, andless investment is required,"GozimirskitellsOilinfoNews.
He believes the Yukos case has under-mined the international willingness toinvest in Russia on the scale requiredbyShtokman.ShtokmanisalsocoveredbyanewSubsoilLawthataffects fieldsof strategic importance to the nation.Production licences in such fields willhavelimitsonforeignactivity,andwillbeentirelyatthemercyofRussianauthori-ties,Gozimirskistates."Allthiscreatesuncertaintyformajoroff-shoreinvestmentsinRussia,"Gozimirskisays.
Russian onshore projectsMoreover,theNEPGagreementisaboutmorethanplanningapipeline.3500kmnorth-east of Moscow lies the town ofNovy Urengoy on top of Russia's larg-est gas field. From this area, as muchas 44% of Gazprom's gas productionflows, in an extreme, Arctic climate.
German capital has already muscled inon projects in this area. At the end of2004 Wintershall and Gazprom set upthe jointventurecompanyAchimgaz inorder toutilise thedeeper structures inthegiganticUrengoyfield.Thisspring'sagreement makes for joint exploitationof yet another Western Siberian field,Yushno Russkoye. These are projectsthat requiresignificantly smaller invest-ments,andthataremuchsimplertech-nologically, compared with Shtokman.ThisisthegastheNEPGistotransportdirectlytoGermany,beginningin2010.
The German perspectiveFromaGermanpointof view, this sortof connection also matters in terms ofsecurity policy. The country currentlyimports80%ofitsgasrequirement,andenergy consumption is rising. Duringthe cold war, the North Sea was key tosatisfying the German energy hunger,thus limiting the country's dependenceonSovietgas.Today,theNorthSeahasbecome an energy province with fallingproduction curves and the world is nolonger bipolar. Germany can thereforelook east for more gas. The Russianreserves alone suffice to meet German
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New hands join for ShtokmanThe pressure of high politics on divvying up the partnership in the Russian Shtokman project continues to rise. The emergence of a heavyweight Russo-German energy collaboration has brought forward new forces and visions that are now shaping the Shtokman field's evolution.
ENERGY AND HIGH POLITICS: President of the russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and the german chancellor gerhard schröder attend the signing of new agreements between the two nations' energy companies this april. Wintershall director Jürgen hambrecht and gazprom's alexey miller (left), bring new perspectives into the shtokman development.
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Oilinfo Russia
energyrequirementsfor500yearstocome.The Russian perspectiveInaRussiancontext,NEPGmakesitpossibletoestablishdirectcon-nections to one of the nation'sprincipal gas markets. Gas fromWestern Siberia currently flows5000 km through the Transneft-controlledpipelinenetworktotheGerman-Polish border. The pipe-lines are not only Russia's great-est bottleneck for increased gastransport. The old pipelines alsopass through transit countriessuch as the Ukraine, the Balticcountries and Poland beforereaching energy-hungry Europe.In a geo-political perspective, anew, independent pipeline willincrease Europe's dependence onRussia,andinvigoratetheRussianeconomy.Inthelightoftheuncer-tainty surrounding NATO's rolein current power politics and theFranco-German resistance to theIraq war, this allows the Kremlin
toexploitthegapbetweenEuropeandtheUSA.
Germany and ShtokmanNEPG also plays an importantrole in relation to the Shtokmangas.Foralongtime,theRussianshavegiventounderstandthattheShtokmangasshall,fromanearlyphase, be developed as an LNGexport solution to the Americanmarket. With the emergence of aRusso-Germanaxis,strongforcesare working towards an exportsolution with pipelines fromShtokman to the subsea NEP inthe Baltic sea. Such a solution isbeing considered for Phase 2 ofthe Shtokman development, andmayprolongtheNEP'slifetime.
Pipe solutionDuring the spring, negotiationsbetweenRussiaandGermansarealleged to have established thatGermanywillnotacceptanown-ership structure in the projectthat builds on an LNG solution
totheUSAexclusively.Gazprom'sdelays in making a decision onpartnership in the project is saidto be one of the consequences ofthis development. The Shtokmannegotiationsare thereforesubjectto the influences of two energy
dialogues: a dialogue about LNGbetweentheUSAandRussia,anda dialogue about pipes betweenRussia and Germany. The forcesofhighpoliticshaveindeedbegunto shape the Shtokman develop-ment.
West siBeria: a large portion of gazproms gas production comes from its West siberian fields. in this arctic climate the russians are seasoned petroleum extractors. (Photo Wintershall).
Urengoy field, West Siberia. Photo: Wintershall
TEKNISK DATA CNC BENK / SAG
Okuma Space Turn LB 400/M
• Dreiekapasitet• Lengde 830 MM• Dia 420 M.M.• Lisensiert av SPM for produksjon av
alle typer Wing Union somFig 100, 200, 206, 602, 1002,1003, 1502, 2002 og 2202
Sage kapasitet
• Aksling 610 M.M.• Firkant 740 M.M.
Sveis og Sveiseprosedyrefor sveising av
• X-over, Tee, bend og andre spesialprodukter
• Produksjon av DNV 2.7.1 Rammer• Brennebord kapasitet 2x1,5 Meter
Engineering
• Tegning Inventor Versjon 10• Beregning SEM Versjon 5
Fluid Control ProductionVarabergveien 4N-4050 Sola
There is every reason why Norway should benefit from the Russo-German pipe dialogue as well as the Russo-American LNG dialogue in the Shtokman game, says Johan Petter Barlindhaug.
He is currently keeping busy reporting on the conse-quences of alternative export opportunities for gas inthe Barents Sea. Three export possibilities have beenidentified.1. A Norwegian LNG strategy: LNG transport solution
fromtheSnøhvitfieldtotheUSA.Itisassumedthattheextendeddevelopment,includinganewconstruc-tion stage, will be in place by 2012. Future reserveseastintheBarentsSeaandinthedisputedareasmaybecoveredbyanewLNGinstallationintheVarangerfjord.
3. Russo-Norwegian export strategy: connecting futuregas reserves on the Russian Shelf to the EuropeanmarketviaaNorwegianexportsolution.
-Pipes are an alternativeTendaysafterthepressconferenceinHannoverandthesealingoftheRusso-Germanaxis,transportingBarentsgasbypipealsobecameanalternativeforNorway.ThatwaswhenStatoilcameupwithanewexportvisionfortheBarentsSea: linkingEuropetofuturegasresourcesin the Western Barents Sea, via the Langeled pipelineandÅsgardtransport.Onemonthlater,theNorwegianMinister for Petroleum and Energy, Thorhild Widvey,usedtheStatoilmapsinordertolaunchthatsamevisionatthe13thEuropeangasconference.
Germany and NorwayOilinfo has learned that Germany has approached theNorwegian authorities on how Norway can meet theGermans' increased energy requirements in the future.TheNorwegianSeaand theBarentsSeaare thekey tofuture gas resources. Studies are progressing apace inordertoanalysethepossibilitiesofhookingupBarentsgastoGermanyandEurope.
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Oilinfo Russia
Johan Petter Barlindhaug is
stressing Norwegian export solutions when developing
petroleum resources in the Barents.
(Photo Eskil Eriksen)
Breaking new ground• Facility Operation• Duty Holder capabilities
Norse Oilfield Services a.s offers the following services:
• Recutting / repair of drill pipe, drill collars, subs, and other downhole equipment.
• Machining services of X-overs, flanges, hubs, Weco unions, risers etc.
• Rental of all types of Chiksan equipment
• Service and maintenance of various mechanical equipment
В нефтяной промышленности ни у кого нет сомнения в том, чтобудущие возможности в области применения компьютерногоуправления работами или интегрированных операций означаютувеличение добычи, снижение производственных затрат и болеебезопасныеусловиятруда.Цифры,предоставленныеНациональнойорганизациейнефтянойпромышленности,показывают,чтопере-ходнаэлектронноеуправлениеможетсодействовать10%увеличе-ниюобъемовдобычи,одновременноеобеспечивая30%снижениеэксплуатационныхрасходов.Условиемдляэтогодолжнобытьто,чтопромышленностьбудетиспользоватьиразвиватьтехнологиюдлясвоихцелей.
-«Технологияимеласьвнашемраспоряженииужедавно,нонефтя-наяпромышленностьпроявиладовольноконсервативныйподходкиспользованиюновыхвозможностей»,-говоритМайкХерберт,консультантЦентраназемногобуренияКонокоФиллипс.Норвегиянаходитсясейчасвавангардеразвитиятехнологийэлектронногоуправления или интегрированных операций», - считает Херберт.Аегособственныйработодательпервымсоздалназемныйцентрконтролябуровыхопераций,располагавшийдоступомвреальномвремени к данным, поступающим с буровых работ в Северномморе.
ПримердругихдисциплинСейчас оператор поддерживает несколько проектов, которыедолжнынайтиновыеиболеесовершенныеметодыиспользованияинфраструктуры и данных Центра управления буровыми рабо-тами.“Идеальныймиртам,гдеэффектот,например,геоуправленияилиизменения буровых параметров по конечной добыче может бытьлегкоподсчитан.Намнужнососредоточитьсянавлияниинавсецепочкустоимостиинапроцесс»,-сказалон.
Технологическийскачок«Созвездие»компаний-поставщиков,состоящееизSINTEF,HitecProducts Drilling, Maritime Hydraulics и First Interaktive, хочетсделать именно такой технологический скачок при поддержке
КонокоФиллипс и Петромакс. Сотрудничество основывается намноголетних исследованиях и опыте в области технологий буре-ния,интегрированныхоперацийитрехмерныхизображений.Этасовместная работа приведет в дальнейшем к поставкам пакетавизуальных средств 3D для наземного Центра управления буро-выми операциями КонокоФиллипс. Первые поставки оборудова-нияначнутсяужевпервомквартале2006г.
ВизуализацияврежимереальноговремениЗдесьноваяединицабудетсочетатьданные,полученныевбуровомцентре, с трехмерным изображением буровых операций. Такимобразом, оператор буровых работ и аппарат поддержки в назем-номцентреполучатвизуальнуюкартинувсейбуровойоперациивреальномвремени,независимооттого,требуетсялиуделитьосо-боевниманиетакимвопросам,кактраекториястволаскважины,скважинноеоборудование,буровоедолото, условиявнутрисква-жины,столббуровогораствораилиусловиявокругскважиныивпласте.ВсочетаниисразработаннымиSintefпередовымиматема-тическимимоделями,работающимиврежимереальноговремени,новаятехнологиясможеттакжепрогнозироватьпроцессбурения.Этооткрываетвозможностидлямоделирования.СнижениезатратиинтеграцияБорьбасвозникающимивскважинахпроблемамитребуетсегодняот нефтяных компаний ежегодных затрат на многие миллиардыкрон. Задача данного проекта заключается в том, чтобы снизитьэти затраты на 30 %. Для такого мирового энергетического кон-церна, каким является КонокоФиллипс, ставка на электронноеуправление операциями открывает еще более широкие перспек-тивы.-Самоеважноеэтото,чтоменяютсянашиметодыработы.Еслимыдобьемсяуспеха,тосможемстатьболееэффективными,переведембольшелюдейнаработувназемныхусловияхиснизимзатраты.Еслимысможемнаучитьсяэффективномувзаимодействиюмеждудисциплинамиистранамивпроцессепринятиярешений,мысмо-жемполучитьещебольшуювыгоду»,-говоритХерберт.
mik
e he
rber
tТрехмерная картина бурения в режиме реального времениТехнология 3D уже прочно закрепилась во многих областях нефтяного производства. Теперь и КонокоФиллипс займется, наконец, трехмерным изображением буровых операций в режиме реального времени.
Mike Herbert, ConocoPhillips
Onshore Drilling Centre Advisor.
ДО И ПОСЛЕ: Центр управления буровыми
операциями КонокоФиллипс в Норвегии после установки в нем оборудования для 3D
визуализации буровых операций в режиме реального времени.
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Первая в истории попытка такой перера-ботки была сделана Бритиш Петролеумна месторождении Закум в Абу-Даби.Сегодня,30летспустя,подводнаяперера-боткапо-прежнемуостаетсятехнологией,являющейся скорее предметом разгово-ров, чем состоявшейся реальностью. Нопри все большей развитости ресурсов ипри возрастающей потребности в тех-нических решениях для глубоководныхрайонов мировых нефтегазовых бассей-нов,2005годможетстать«водоразделом»изнаменательнойдатойвобластиподвод-ной переработки. Частично это связанои со степенью разработанности норвежс-когошельфа.
Проблема водыКактак?Ключевоесловоздесь-вода.Высокий уровень добычи воды типичендля многих уже сильно разработанныхместорождений, включая и норвежскийшельф.Водадолжнабытьвместеснефтьювыведенанаповерхность,либоприпомощиестественного давления пласта, либо принасосной эксплуатации скважины, и всеэто только для того, чтобы пройти слож-
ныйпроцессочисткипередтем,какопятьбыть сброшенной в море или закачаннойобратновпласт.
- «Вода во флюиде создает целый рядпроблем,средикоторыхкоррозиятрубоп-роводных систем, образование гидратови высокий перепад давления, что можетпривести к снижению уровня добычи.Водазабираетмногомощности,каквтру-бопроводе, так и на перерабатывающихустановках центра разработки месторож-дения,осложняятакжеподключениесате-литных месторождений, расположенныхна большом удалении от существующихустановок»,-рассказываетглавныйинже-нерНорвежскогоНефтяногоДиректоратаЭрикАбрахамсен.
Подводная сепарацияИменнотутивыступаетнапереднийпланподводнаясепарация. Благодаря установленному на дне морясепаратору,водаможетотделятьсяизака-чиваться обратно в пласт еще до началадолгого и дорогостоящего подъема наповерхность.
Этооткрываетвозможностидляэффек-тивной разработки новых обнаруженныхнефтяных запасов с прилегающих мес-торождений и может дать повышеннуюдобычу с уже разрабатываемых подвод-ных месторождений, где объем добыва-емой воды все увеличивается, а дебитскважин снижается. Это означает такжеувеличениедобычинефтиибольшеденегвкарманахнефтяныхкомпаний.
Разработкавнаправлениииспользованияподводного компримирования газа отра-жаетважныетребования,предъявляемыек нефтегазовому производству в север-ныхрайонах.Технологияможетоказатьсярентабельнымрешениемдлявсехгазовыхместорождений, находящихся далеко отсложившейсяинфраструктуры.
-«Подводное компримирование пред-ставляет интерес для каждого газовогоместорождения, имеющего значительноудаленные запасы. Сегодня примене-ние этой технологии является актуаль-нойтемойдлятакихместорождений,какОсгард, Ормен Ланге, Снёвит, а также
К новому технологическому рорыву на дне моря
Eric Ulland, Statoil’s project
manager in SICOR
( Subsea increased recovery).
Уже 30 лет идет развитие технологий подводной переработки, а нефтяная промышленность по-прежнему ждет большого скачка в их разработке. Пришло ли, наконец, время для строительства добывающих комплексов нового поколения, оснащенных подводным перерабатывающим оборудованием?
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месторождений, находящихся настадииразработки:ГьёаиКамилла/Белинда»,-говоритИльдстад.
Норвежские операторыСтатойл и Гидро являются опера-торамисвыше90%всехподводныхустановок на норвежском шельфе.Выигрыш от того, что мы спра-вимсясограничениямимощности,накладываемыми транспортнойсистемой и перепадами давления,достаточновеликсампосебеичас-тично объясняет готовность идтинарисквпреодоленииновыхбарь-еров, связанных с работой на днеморя. Падающие кривые добычина норвежском шельфе такжепобуждают компании и к участиюв мировом соперничестве за буду-щие запасы нефти. Здесь Статойли Гидро оказываются на уровненефтяных компаний среднего раз-мера. Разработка технологий про-грессивныхметодовдобычислужатдля Статойл и Гидро одним изглавных средств для того, чтобыобеспечить себе большие и важ-ные заказы за рубежом, включая иШтокмановскийпроектвРоссии.
Ормен ЛангеОператор: Норск ГидроЦель: Пилотный проект подвод-ного компримирования на м. Ормен Ланге к 2011-2012 г.г.Совершенствование технологии и квали-фицирование критических компонентов.Контракт: Ветко Грей, исследования Акер Квэрнер Сабси по электроснабжению
Слейпнер B:Оператор: СтатойлЦель: установка полностью автомати-зированной компрессорной платформы в 2008 г. Собрать опыт, имеющий значение для подводной установки.Статус: квалифицирование технологии. Контракт: Вопрос о поставщике будет решен летом 2006 г.
Подводное компримирование на месторождении ОсгардЦель: Установка оборудования для подводного компримирова-ния на м. Осгард в 2010 г.
Статус: разработка проектаКонтракт: сроки подписания неизвестныПоследующая работа: в случае успеха, для тех месторождений, где Статойл является оператором, как, например, Снёвит, Миккель, Мидгард, Тюриханс.
НАГНЕТАНИЕ НЕОБРАБОТАННОЙ МОРСКОЙ ВОДЫТюрихансОператор: СтатойлСтатус проекта: ПРЭ (План разработки и эксплуатации месторождения, который должен быть одобрен норвежскими властями) был отправлен в июле 2005 г. За основу был взят принцип закачива-ния необработанной морской воды. Инвестиции: 12,8 млрд. кронДобыча: 2009 на м. КристинКонтракты: не выделены. Статойл сотруд-ничает с Фрамо и Квэрнер Ойлфилд Продактс по нагнетательным насосам.
Цель: Нагнетание необработанной морской воды (закачивание 14 000 куб.м. в день) со дна моря.
ПОДВОДНАЯ СЕПАРАЦИЯ:
ТордисОператор: СтатойлСтатус: Решение о продолже-нии работ принято в июле 2005 г. Против упрощенного ПРЭ Контракты: Контракт с ФМСи Конгсберг по подводным станциям сепарации.Инвестиции: 1,5 млрд. крон.Добыча: повысить добычу с место-рождения с 49 до 55% с установкой оборудования для сепарации под водой.
Камилла/Белинда, АстероОператор: Норск ГидроСтатус: ПРЭ отложен в связи с новым обнаружением в скважине Астеро в мае 2005 г. Подводная сепарация рассматривается как альтернатива для разработки месторождения.
RIGGED FOR THE FUTURE
OFFSHORE & MARINE WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1986 WITH THE PURPOSE TO DELIVER SERVICES TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY. THE IDEA WAS TO DEVELOP AND DELIVER FUTURE ORIENTED EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NORWEGIAN COMPETENCE. OUR ESTABLISHMENT IS LOCATED IN SANDNES, ON THE SOUTH WEST COAST OF NORWAY, WHERE WE HAVE BOTH DESIGN AND PRODUCTION FACILITIES. TO LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR PRODUCT RANGE AND SERCIVES PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE WWW.O-M.NO .
Проекты переработки на норвежском шельфеКОМПРИМИРОВАНИЕ ГАЗА
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На проходившем 11 апреля откры-тии Ганноверской Торговой ЯрмаркиФедеральный Канцлер ГерманииГерхард Шрёдер и Президент РоссииВладимир Путин смогли заявить оважном прорыве в области энергети-ческого сотрудничества между двумястранами. Соответствующим пред-приятиям этих государств, а именнонемецкому BASF, дочернему пред-приятию Wintershall, и российскомуГазпрому, был дан зеленый свет дляразработки проекта, позволяющегоустановить прямое подводное сооб-щение между немецким рынком газаиогромнымироссийскимиместорож-дениямивЗападнойСибири.Вподпи-санном партнерами Меморандуме овзаимопониманиибылоясноуказано,что партнеры будут сотрудничать встроительстве СевероевропейскогоГазопровода (СЕГП), который будетпроложен от Выборга, находящегосяпоблизости от Санкт-Петербурга,черезБалтийскоеморе,вГерманию.
- Штокман отложенЯкуб М. Гозимирски, занимаю-щийся исследованиями по России вНорвежском институте международ-нойполитики,считает,чтовесомостьтакого договора достаточна для того,чтобы Штокмановский проект былотодвинутнаболеепозднийсрок. -«РазработкаШтокмановскогомес-торождения предполагает огромныеинвестиции и требует сама по себезначительных технологических уси-лий. Есть вероятность того, что рус-ские начнут разрабатывать газовыересурсыЗападнойСибиридотого,какприступят к Штокмановскому. Здесьу них накоплен длительный опыт, даи инвестиций потребуется меньше»,- сказал Гозимирски корреспондентуOilinfoNews. По его мнению, дело Юкоса осла-биложеланиеиностранныхкомпанийинвестировать в российские проектытакого размера, как Штокмановское.Штокмановское охватывается также
и Законом о недрах, в той его части,которая касается месторождений,имеющих стратегическое значениедля государства. «Разрешения надобычу с подобных месторожденийбудут накладывать ограничивающиерамки на деятельность иностранныхкомпаний, и остаются полностью намилости российских властей», - счи-таетГозимирски. Гозимирскиутверждает,что«всеэтосоздает неуверенность для большихинвестицийвразработкуроссийскогошельфа».
Немецкая перспективаДля немецкой перспективы сотруд-ничествосРоссиейноситинамекнаобеспечение государственной безо-пасности. На сегодня страна покры-вает80%своейпотребностивгазезасчет импорта, при растущем потреб-лении. Во времена холодной войныСеверное море было ключом к уто-лению «газовой» жажды Германии,
ener
gy p
olic
y
Штокман и большая политикаБольшая политика оказывает все большее давление на раздел партнерства по российскому проекту Штокмановского месторождения. Дальнейшее развитие тесного германско-российского сотрудничества в области энергетики вывело на передний план новые силы и идеи, накладывающие свой отпечаток на разработку Штокмановского месторождения.
ЭНЕРГЕТИКА И БОЛЬШАЯ ПОЛИТИКА: Президент Российской Федерации Владимир Путин и Канцлер Германии Герхард Шрёдер присутствуют при подписании новых соглашений между энергетическими компаниями своих стран в апреле этого года. Руководитель Wintershall Юрген Хамбрехт и глава Газпрома Алексей Миллер (слева) вносят новые перспективы в разработку Штокмановского месторождения.
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ограничивая ее зависимостьот советского газа. СегодняСеверное море является энер-гетическойпровинциейспада-ющими кривыми добычи, итеперь уже в не биполярноммире немцы могут обратитьсяза большим количеством газана восток. Российские запасымогутоднипокрыватьэнергети-ческиепотребностиГерманиивтечение500лет.Российская перспективаДля российской перспективыСЕГП открывает возможностиустановления прямого сооб-щения с одним из важнейшихдля страны рынков газа. Газ изЗападной Сибири идет сегодняпо5000-кмсетитрубопроводов,контролируемой компаниейТранснефть, к немецко-поль-ской границе. С геополити-ческой точки зрения новыйнезависимый трубопровод уве-личит зависимость Европы отРоссии, одновременно расши-ряя российские возможностидля маневра. В свете сущест-вующей неуверенности в отно-шении роли НАТО при новомраспределениисилнамеждуна-роднойаренеигерманско-фран-цузского сопротивления войнев Ираке, Кремль получает воз-можность сыграть на расколемеждуЕвропойиСША.Германия и ШтокманСЕГП сыграет важную рольи для Штокмановского газа.Русскиеужедавнодаютпонять,что на ранней фазе газ соШтокмановского будет разра-батываться на основе решения,покоторомуСПГбудетэкспор-тироваться на американскийрынок. При образовании оси
российско-германского пар-тнерства влиятельные силыстали сейчас работать над тем,чтобы было принято решениеоб организации экспорта соШтокмановского по трубоп-роводу в подводный СЕГП вБалтийском море. Такой вари-антстанетактуальнымна2фазеобустройства Штокмановскогои сможет продлить жизненныйциклСЕПГ.
Решение для трубопроводаВ ходе проходивших веснойпереговоров с российской сто-роной Германия четко заявила,чтонесогласитсясоструктуройсобственностипроекта,котораяосновывается исключительнона варианте экспорта СПГ вСША.ОткладываниеГазпромомвыбора партнеров по проекту,видимо, является одним из
последствий такого развитиясобытий. Таким образом, пере-говоры по Штокмановскомуместорождению оказались подвоздействием двух крупныхэнергетических диалогов: диа-логоСПГмеждуСШАиРоссией
и между Россией и Германиейо трубопроводе. Сила большойполитикисталаужевсерьезока-зывать влияние на разработкуШтокмановского месторожде-ния.
- Выгоды для НорвегииНа лицо имеются условия для того, чтобы в игре за Штокмановское Норвегия воспользовалась германо-российским диалогом о трубопроводе и американо-российким диалогом о СПГ. Таково мнение Йохана Петтера Барлиндхауга.
- Для Норвегии очень важноиметь несколько вариантов раз-работки нефтегазовых ресурсов вБаренцевомморе.Тогданашиаль-тернативы будут всегда представ-лять интерес, в том числе и привыборе решения по разработкепроекта Штокмановского место-рождения.
Сегодня он активно работает надопределением последствий аль-тернативныхэкспортныхрешений
длягазавБаренцевомморе.Быливыделены три возможности дляэкспорта. 1) Норвежская стратегия дляСПГ: вариант транспортировкиСПГ с месторождений Снёвитв США, что предполагает вве-дение второй фазы к 2012 г.БудущиезапасыввосточнойчастиБаренцеваморяивоспариваемойзонесмогутобеспечиватьсяновымзаводом по производству СПГ вВарангерфьорд.
2) Норвежская стратегия длятрубопровода: соединитьбудущиенорвежскиересурсывБаренцевомморе с сетью трубопроводовСеверного моря через ветку, про-ложенную у норвежского побе-режья. 3)Стратегиянорвежско-россий-ского экспорта: соединить буду-щие запасы газа, имеющиеся нароссийскомшельфесевропейскимрынком, используя норвежскоеэкспортноерешение.
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Норвежский Нефтяной Директорат ожидалполучить 20-25 геологоразведочных скважин втечение 2005 г., в то время как Министерствонефти и энергетики выступало за более опти-мистическиепрогнозы:от30до40разведочныхскважин. Статус за первое полугодие – шестьначатыхразведочныхскважин.
Разрушение колдовских чарДажепритом,чтосложившиесяусловиямогутпривестиктому,чтообъемгеологоразведочныхработ достигнет рекордно низкой отметки в2005 г., Норвежский шельф может уже сейчасзанести два обнаруженных месторождения всписокгодовыхрезультатов.ВскважинеОниксв Норвежском море Шелл обнаружила самыебольшие запасы газа на норвежском шельфес 1997 г. Размер найденного месторожденияможет быть около 60 млрд. ст. куб.м. извлека-емогогаза.
-«Надеемся, что мы рассеяли чары, царившиенад Норвежским морем в последние годы»,- говорит директор по геологоразведке компа-нии Шелл Кристиан Букович корреспондентуОйлИнфо. Он надеется, что обнаруженноеместорождение может послужить началомобразования нового центра разработки место-рожденийвНорвежскомморе. К следующему году Шелл пробурит оконту-ривающуюскважинувблокеПрезидент.
Будущее в Норвежском мореСегодня, и Статойл, и Гидро заняты каждаясвоими перспективными месторождениямивысокого риска в глубоководных районахНорвежского моря. Гидро рассчитывает найтигазнаместорожденииСтетинд,апослеобнару-женияСтатойлглубоководногонефтяногомес-торождения Эллида к северу от Ормен Ланге,оператор готов уже почти ко всему. СкважинаТюльпанпробуриваетсявблоке6302/6кзападуот месторождения Ормен Ланге на глубину1250м. Вближайшеевремяпоявитсянесколькоинте-ресных скважин. Самые большие ожиданиясвязанысимеющимсяуТоталГРРвНорвегииперспективнымместорождениемХансвлицен-зии323.Бурениебудетпроводитьсявсоседнемблоке со скважиной Оникс, где температура,мягкосказать,высокая.Статойлбудетпробури-ватьдвескважинывысокогорискавлицензии282Миднаттсулилицензии322Эдварда,распо-ложенныхвглубоководныхзонахНорвежскогоморя.
Удар в Баренцевом мореВ Баренцевом море нефтяная промышлен-ностьполучилав2005гтяжелыеудары.Гидронатолкнулась на значительные, но неизвлекае-мые запасы нефти в скважине Обеликс. Далеена восток, пробуренная Статойл скважинаГуовка оказалась сухой. В ходе буровых работ
в Баренцевом море буровая установка «ЭрикРауде» стала причиной трех аварийных разли-вов нефти, включая 1600 литров гидравличес-когомасла.Этопривелонетолькокзадержкеввыполнениипрограммыбуровыхработнанор-вежском шельфе, но и к потере значительнойдоли доверия к обещаниям компаний о сведе-ниивыбросовдонуля.Темнеменее,послепро-буривания скважины Тюльпан в Норвежскомморе,Статойлвернетсявместес«ЭрикРауде»вБаренцевоморе.Послеэтоговменюбудетзна-читься перспективное месторождение Уранус.«Эрик Рауде» будет также задействована дляпробуривания оконтуривающей скважинына месторождении Голиаф, поблизости от г.Хаммерфест. Задачей ставиться найти доста-точнозапасовдляразработкиместорождения.
Наиболее оптимистичные прогнозы геологоразведочных работ указывали на строительство целых 40 разведочных скважин в течение 2005 г. На 27 июня 2005 г. на норвежском шельфе были начаты только 6 таких скважин. Одновременно, обнаруженное Шелл месторождение Оникс явилось самым большим газовым месторождением на норвежском шельфе после Ормен Ланге.
Насыщенный контрастами год геологоразведочных работ
chris
tian
Buko
vics
Exploration Director Christian
Bukovics of Shell
West Navigator – Harsh environment and field development drillshipSince the start-up of operations in February 2000, the ultra-deepwater drillship West Navigator has been in operations in some of the world’s most harsh environment areas like Greenland, the Norwegian Sea, Canada, the Atlanticmargin as well as in West-Africa.
West Navigator has been drilling in water depths up to 1920 meters andworked for major oil companies like BP, ConocoPhillips, Shell, ChevronTexaco,Woodside, Marathon, ExxonMobil, Amerada Hess and Statoil. In the time to come, West Navigator will be working for Woodside on the Chinguettideepwater field development in Mauritania and on Ormen Lange, the firstNorwegian deepwater field development.
West Navigator has been demonstrating substantial drilling efficiencyimprovement, representing between 20 and 50 percent time reductionscompared to traditional drilling operations.
Art Director Jean Jahren, [email protected] Telephone: +47 51 84 05 91 Mobile: +47 994 39 204
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30 ШтокманибольшаяполитикаБольшая политика оказывает все большее давление на раздел партнерства по российскому проекту Штокмановского месторождения. Дальнейшее развитие тесного германско-российского сотрудничества в области энергетики вывело на передний план новые силы и идеи, накладывающие свой отпечаток на разработку Штокмановского месторождения.
