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Drills & Drilling
Drills & Drilling
The Pillar Drill can be used to drill wood, metal, and plastic. As a general rule the larger the hole you are trying to drill the slower the drill should rotate.
When using this (or any other machine) it is important to read the safety notice on the wall to make sure you understand how to use the machine safely.
When using the Pillar Drill you must
Wear GogglesTie any long hair backTuck in any loose clothing
The Pillar Drill
The Pillar Drill
On / Off Switch
Drill Chuck
Chuck Guard
Chuck Key
Machine Vice
Depth Stop
Pulleys
The Pillar Drill
To change the speed on the pillar drill you have to move the drive belt up or down the pulleys. This works in much the same as bicycle gears.
Low Speed Pulley
High Speed Pulley
Cordless Drill
Keyless Chuck
On / Off switch
Forward / Reverse Switch
Battery Pack
The Cordless Drill can be fitted with a drill bit (1mm to 10mm) for drilling small holes, a Countersink bit for countersinking holes or a Screwdriver bit for driving in screws.
Screwdriver Bit
Adjustable Clutch
Drill Bits1) Twist Drills
(Used for drilling wood, metal and plastic)
2) Reduced Shank Twist Drill
(As above but reduced shank allows larger drill bits to be fitted in a chuck)
3) Dowel bit
(Used to drill clean holes in wood for dowel joints)
4) Spade Bit
(Used for drilling large holes in wood)
5) Masonry Bit
(Used to drill holes in concrete)
6) Forstner Bit
(Used to drill clean flat bottomed holes in wood. Available in a wide range of sizes 6 – 50mm)
Twist Drills are available in a wide range of sizes. In the school workshop they range from 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, ……….12.5, 13mm
They are used to drill wood, metal and plastic.
Twist Drills
Drilling Metals
When using a twist drill to drill metal you must always secure the work piece in a vice. For large pieces of metal you can use a Machine Vice and for smaller pieces a Hand Vice
Machine Vice
Hand Vice
Remember when drilling large holes always set the drill to a slow speed. If the holes are bigger than 10mm it is generally safer to drill a Pilot Hole first.
(A pilot hole is a smaller hole, say 5mm, that will act as a guide for the larger drill)
When using a twist drill to drill plastic you should always try to secure the work piece in a vice.
Machine Vice
Remember when drilling Acrylic don’t try to drill too fast or the brittle plastic could shatter.
Make sure you tighten the vice properly or the work piece may come loose
(This is true for drilling all materials)
Drilling Plastic
Drilling Wood
For drilling smaller pieces of wood you should use a machine vice
Machine Vice
When drilling larger pieces of wood it is safe to hold the wood securely with your hand
Flat Bits
Flat bits are available in a wide range of sizes.
Flat bits are used for drilling holes in wood only. The main advantage flat bits have over other types of drill are.
1) They are easy to sharpen
2)They cost less.
Forstner Bits
As shown below Forstner bits are available in a wide range of sizes.
1) Forstner Bits produce a very smooth cut that requires little finishing.
2) Forstner Bits produce a flat bottomed hole.
Forstner bits are used for drilling holes in wood only. The main advantages of this type of drill bit are.
Plug Cutters
Plug
Cutters
In the workshop we have 3 sizes of plug cutter.
6mm, 9mm, & 12mm.
These can be used to cut small wooden plugs as shown.
Using a Plug Cutter
1) Using a pillar Drill and Machine Vice carefully drill a plug about 10mm deep
2) Use a screwdriver to break the plug loose.
3) Use the appropriate Forstner bit to drill a hole in to work piece that is to be plugged.
4) Glue the plug in place
5) When the glue is dry use a flush cut saw to trim the excess plug
6) Sand Smooth
Flush Cut Saw
Hole SawsHole saws can be used to cut hole in thin sheet material. (Wood, Metal and Plastic) This tool is traditionally used by Plumbers to drill holes in water tanks etc. (When drilling metal oil must be used to help keep the blade cool and the work piece must be clamped to the table)
Hole Saw Scrap
As you can see from the shape of the scrap wood the hole saw can also be used to make wheels.
Counter Sink BitThe Countersink Bit is used to countersink holes for countersunk screws
The Countersink bit can be used in a hand drill, pillar drill or Cordless drill Countersink Bit
Hand Drill
The Hand Drill can be used to drill small holes (up to 8mm)
And is useful for holding a countersink bit
Countersink Bit How to screw two pieces of wood together
1) Drill a pilot hole2) Counterbore
the top piece
3) Countersink the top piece
4) Drive in a screw
Hand Drill Pozi Drive Screwdrivers
Carpenters Brace & Bit
Brace
Auger Bit
Ratchet
The Carpenters Brace can be used to drill large diameter holes through wood. Auger Bits are available in a wide range of Lengths and Diameters
Chuck
Carpenters Brace & Bit
Handle
Ratchet
The ratchet mechanism allows you to drill a hole where the sweep of the handle is otherwise restricted (in a corner or beside a wall)
Carpenters Brace & Bit
The Carpenters Brace is used as shown in the picture on the left.
One of the main problems with this type of drill is the damage that can occur to your work piece when the Auger bit exits the wood.
Damage
Carpenters
Brace & Bit
This can be overcome in two ways
1) By drilling in from both sides
2) By putting a piece of scrap wood behind the work piece
Scrap Wood
Auger Bits
Expansive Bit
Maximum Setting
Minimum Setting
The Auger Bit has a square taper shank. This can only be fitted into a Carpenters Brace.
Another type of drill bit that can be very useful is an Expansive Bit. This type of bit has an adjustable cutter that can drill a wide range of different sized holes.
Masonry Bits
Masonry drills are used to drill holes in concrete. They are generally made from toughened steel with a Tungsten tip.
The picture above shows a powerful hammer drill suitable for drilling large holes in concrete.
4kg SDS Hammer Drill
Tungsten Tip
The End