CHILI CACAO INSECTICIDE

A Research Presented to the Facultyof Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban

Lucban, Quezon

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Subject Research II

AIRAH MAE L. ALSOL and DRINA B. PAGLINAWAN

January 2013

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Humans, specifically farmers had attained important benefits from

many uses of insecticides. This insecticide helped some farmers in

increasing their yield crops but they were also concerned on the risks that

deal with it. To most farmer commercial insecticide were the most effective

readily available pest controls. What they don’t realize that this cause them

added expenses.

Insecticides are substances or mixture of some of substances intended

for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insect. An insecticide

maybe a chemical, biological agent, antimicrobial disinfectant or device

used against any insect. Insects belong to the pest kingdom including plant

pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodesand microbes

that destroy property, spread disease or are vectors for disease or cause

nuisance.

2

Background of the Study

Agriculture was one of the best source of income for the Filipinos,

especially to the farmers. They were the one who supply people’s needs. As

they were doing their job they encountered problems. One of their problems

was how could they prevent insects to attack and destroy their plants.

Insects are everywhere. They have been found in the air, every part of

land and water, and at home. They are commonly regarded as pests include

those that where parasitic, damage structures, transmit diseases and those

that destroy agricultural goods.

When farmers see the insects in their field their tendency is to swat

them, since they never allow these insects to manifest in their field. Once

some had been damaged, they would force to use the harmful and dangerous

insecticides available at the market which found to be killing the insects or

pests. Despite the large amount of effort focused at controlling insects,

human attempts to kill insects with insecticides can back fire. If used

carelessly the poison can kill all kinds of organisms in the area.

With these lines, the researchers thought of a formulated insecticide

out of natural resources, that is affordable, environmental friendly and

effective insecticide beneficial to people specifically farmers.

3

Statement of the Problem

This study was entitled “Chili Cacao Insecticide” that aimed to

produce affordable and effective insecticide.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What particular insects can be killed by the Chili Cacao Insecticide?

2. Is Chili Cacao insecticide acceptable in terms of:

a. texture

b. color

c. fragrance

3. Is Chili Cacao Insecticide economical compared to commercial

insecticide?

4

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

1. There are no particular insects that can be killed by the Chili Cacao

Insecticide.

2. It is not acceptable in terms of texture, color and fragrance.

3. Chili Cacao insecticide is not economical compared to commercial

insecticide.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the researchers because they can prove to

themselves that they can do an experiment that can attain good products and

result

This study brings bits of information to all farmers who will prefer to

use Chili Cacao Insecticide in controlling insects and pest. This insecticide

was environmental friendly and free from chemicals. It is a cheaper and

safer product that helps in preventing diseases.

This study is also significant to some students who aspire to do their

own alternative insecticide and make this study a pattern to learn the basics

of making insecticides.

5

Scope and Limitations

This study targets to produce insecticides from chili pepper and madre

cacao extract.

This is limited only to use chili pepper and madre cacao as insecticide.

Its limitation is in the effectiveness and acceptability of insecticide in terms

of appearance.

Time Frame

This study started August 2012 and ended January 2013.

CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

Madre Cacao

Gliricidia sepium, often simply referred to as Gliricidia (common

names: Mata Ratón; Cacao de nance, Cachanance, it is commonly known as

"Madreado" in Honduras; Kakawate in the Philippines; Madre

Cacao or Madre de Cacao in the Philippines and Guatemala; and Madero

negro in Nicaragua), is a medium size leguminous tree belonging to the

family Fabaceae. It is considered as the second most important multi-

purpose legume tree, surpassed only by Leucaena leucocephala.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliricidia_sepium)

Name "gliricidia" derives from the Lain 'glis' (dormouse)

and caedere (to kill). The Spanish name "mata-raton" refers to the tree's

rodenticial properties.

As the tree pods hang-dry in the sun, they curl and explode, making a

popping cracking sound. A cluster of trees with their pods snapping and

popping and falling to the ground, in unison, make a fascinating afternoon of

nature's concoction of sound.

7

The tree is common in the southern Tagalog areas, shedding leaves

around December and flowering February and March. In some areas, the

blooming of its pink flowers is so profuse to deserve a comparison with the

cherry blossoms.

(http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kakawati.html)

Chili Pepper

Chili pepper (also chile pepper or chilli pepper, from Nahuatl chilli) is

the fruit[1] of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade

family, Solanaceae. The term in British English and in Australia, New

Zealand, India,[2] Malaysia and other Asian countries is just chilli without

pepper.

Chili peppers originated in the Americas. After the Columbian

Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used in

both food and medicine.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper)

Chil-i, Br. Esp. chili (tfili) pl. chil-ies, Br, esp. chil-ies n. Capsicum

frutescens, fam Solanaceae, a garden pepper grown from Chile to the middle

of North America. [Span. Chile, Mex. chilli]

(The New Lexicon Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English

Language)

8

Insecticide

An insecticide is any pesticide used to kill, deter, or control insects.

For example, a farmer may use insecticides on crops, while a retailer may

use insecticides in a back storeroom.

Insecticides are pesticides, so it may seem unlikely that anyone in the

organic industry uses insecticides, but that's not true. The organic industry

uses its fair share of pesticides, they're simply not always the same ones used

by conventional farmers or businesses. If an insecticide is on the allowed

portion. The National List than it may be used within the organic industry.

(http://organic.about.com/od/organicdefinitionsij/g/Insecticide.html)

Insect

In-sect (insekt) n. a member of the class Insecta, phylum Anthropoda,

with external and jointed legs. The body is divided in three sections: the

head thorax and abdomen. Most have wings and three pairs of thoracic legs.

Respiration is by tracheae. The head is generally well defined and bears one

pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts and one pair of eyes. The largest

group of all living creatures, insects are mainly adapted to life on land but

some live in an aquatic or semiaquatic environment. More than 1,000,000

species are known || any creature (the spider, tick, mite etc.) resembling an

insect [fr. L. (animal) insectum, a notched animal]

(The New Lexicon Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English

Language)

9

Review of Related Studies

According to Andrea Tapparo (2011)at the University of Padua in

Italy and colleagues , neonicotinoid insecticides are used to coat crops such

as corn and oilseed rape, and are one of several groups of chemicals

identified as suspects in the disappearance of honey bees - a phenomenon

referred to as colony collapse disorder. One theory is that the insecticides are

passed to the bees in pollen. 

Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, now show that

it is possible for bees to pick up a lethal dose of insecticide by grazing on

sap produced by crop plants and present on leaf tops.1 Building on earlier

work in 2009,2 the researchers show that concentrations of neonicotinoids

present in drops collected from the leaves of corn plants are high enough to

kill bees within a few minutes. 

(A Tapparo et al, J. Environ. Monit., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/ c1em10085h)

Household Insecticide' is invented by Gonzalo Catan Jr., executive

president of Mapecon. It was first exhibited at the 27th International

Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva where more than 1,000 inventions from

44 countries were displayed. An international judging panel confers awards

to outstanding inventions. Catan won the silver medal in the sanitation-

ventilation-heating category for his water-based insecticide that makes use

of 21 useful microorganisms, among other materials, to kill household pests.

10

This award shows that Filipino inventors can stand among other

inventors in the world," Catan said of the recognition given to him.

Last year during the Philippines' National Science and Technology

Week, the Department of Science and Technology awarded Catan's

invention first prize in the invention commercialization category.

The insecticide is made up of mapermethrin as the active ingredient,

with activated carbon and botanical extract. Catan said the product had

practical applications in public health programs like dengue control.

Unlike most commercially-available insecticides, 'Household

Insecticide' can kill wrigglers, which are the actual target of the government

dengue control and prevention programs. The insecticide can also control the

fly maggot population in dumps and sand flies in tourist spots like beaches.

Catan said the product had been proven to be very effective against ants and

cockroaches.

It can also be sprayed directly at pet dogs to kill fleas and ticks

without the need to be rinsed off.

A 120 cc concentrate bottle costs P220 (US$5.35) and is good for

several applications. The sprayer is filled with water, to which 10 cc of the

insecticide concentrate is added.Catan, however, is not content to rest

on his laurels. He holds 38 patents on other inventions, including a unique

green charcoal which makes use of beneficial microorganisms to absorb

odor and smoke.

( www.mapecon.com, 21 Sept 2007 )

11

Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of the study, the researchers defined the

following terms operatively:

Chili - pod with strong flavor: a narrow red or green hot-tasting pod

produced by various types of capsicum pepper plant. Use: flavoring sauces

and relishes.

Chromatography - analytic technique to discover chemical components:

a method of finding out which components a gaseous or liquid mixture

contains that involves passing it through or over something that absorbs the

different components at different rates

Insect - an air-breathing invertebrate animal arthropod with a body that has

well-defined segments, including a head, thorax, abdomen, two antennae,

three pairs of legs, and usually two sets of wings.

There are more than a million species of insects including flies, crickets,

bees, beetles, and gnats.

Insecticide - insect poison: a chemical substance used to kill insects

Madre Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) -  is a medium-sized tree and can grow

to from 10 to 12 meters high. The bark is smooth and its color can range

from a whitish gray to deep red-brown. It has composite leaves that can be

30 cm long. Each leaf is composed of leaflets that are about 2 to 7 cm long

and 1 to 3 cm wide.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in securing the data

needed for this research study. It also presents the progression or operation

that justified in this experimental study, the way on how the researcher

convey and regulate the study due to its application on the subject.

This includes the Locale of the Study, Research Design, Sources of

Data, Application and Time Frame.

Locale of the Study

This study was performed in one of the researchers’ residence at

Armando Racelis Avenue.

Research Design

The experimental method was used to make an insecticide out of

Madre cacao leaves and chili pepper. The researcher used the extracts as a

raw material in making the experiment. The researcher tested its

effectiveness in killing the insects.

13

After the experiment was done, the researchers try the finished

products to some various kinds of insects to test the effectiveness of the said

product.

To test the acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide in terms of color,

texture and fragrance the researchers made a self-made questionnaire.

Materials

- 4 tbsp. Madre cacao

- 25 pcs chili pepper

- 500 ml. water

- Casserole

- Spray

- Alcohol

- Detergent Powder

14

Treatment and General Procedure

For Chili Pepper:

1. Use 25 pieces of pepper in on boiling water.

2. Add the detergent powder.

3. Boil for 20 minutes

.

4. Prepare the broth. You can perform the procedures simultaneously.

For Madre Cacao

1. Cut the Madre cacao leaves and stems into pieces and put it in an

casserole.

2. Add 10 ml. of water.

3. Boil it for 20 minutes.

4. Set aside the extract from the Madre cacao.

15

Sources of Data

Proceeding compartment and experimentation of this study, the

researchers used internet in order to get more information, read books and

some magazines to get related data and information.

Statistical Treatment

In this study, weighted arithmetic mean was used to determine the

acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide.

Formula:

WM = 5f+4f+3f+2f+1f

N

Where:

WM = weighted mean

f = number of responses

N = number of respondents

To determine the description analysis of the gathered data the

following range scale was used.

SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTIVE

ANALYSIS

5 4.5-5.0 Very Most Acceptable

4 3.5-4.4 Strongly Acceptable

3 2.5-3.4 Acceptable

2 1.5-2.4 Unacceptable

1 1.0-1.4 Strongly Unacceptable

16

Time Frame

This study started August 2012 and ended January 2013.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The tables below reveal data on the results of the experiment that have

been made. They were presented analyzed and interpreted by the

researchers.

Table 1

Response of Insect to Chili Cacao

Insect Response

After Spraying After 1 minute After 2 minutes

Ants They are starting

to get weaker.

They are

anesthetized.

The ants died.

After Spraying After 2 minute After 5 minutes

Tick They are getting

weaker.

They are

paralyzed.

The ticks died.

Table I has shown the result of the experiment that has been done by

the researchers. Ants were sprayed by Chili Cacao Insecticide. The ants were

anesthetized after 1 minute and were already dead after 2 minutes. For the

ticks, they paralyzed for 2 minutes and died after 5 minutes.

18

Table 2

Acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide

CharacteristicsScale

WM Remarks5 4 3 2 1

1. Texture 2 13 3 2 0 3.75 Most Acceptable

2. Color 4 10 3 2 0 3.55 Acceptable3. Fragrance 0 1 8 10 1 2.45 Unacceptable

Based from the table shown above, Chili Cacao Insecticide is

acceptable in terms of texture and color which garnered 3.75 and 3.55 value,

but in terms of fragrance, it gained an acceptable response with an average

weighted mean of 2.45.

Table 3

Econominity of Chili Cacao Insecticide

Chili Cacao Insecticide Commercial

Chili Pepper ₱10.00

Madre Cacao ₱0.00

Detergent powder ₱6.00

Total cost ₱16.00

Amount produced – 500 mL

Cost ₱500.00

Amount produced -1 Liter

The insecticide costs ₱16.00 that was found to be economical.

EVALUATION SHEET

Name: ___________________________________________ Age: _____

Section:__________________________________________ Sex:_____

The researchers want to determine the acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide

Direction: Put a check ( ) on your corresponding answer. Only one (1) answer is allowed per question.

LEGEND:

5- Very Most Acceptable 2- Unacceptable

4- Strongly Acceptable 1- Strongly Unacceptable

3- Neutral

Acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide

5 4 3 2 11. Texture2. Color3. Fragrance

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Dictionary

The New Lexicon Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English

Language

B. Internet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliricidia_sepium

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kakawati.html

http://organic.about.com/od/organicdefinitionsij/g/Insecticide.html

A Tapparo et al, J. Environ. Monit., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/

c1em10085h

www.mapecon.com, 21 Sept 2007 

C. Unpublished Thesis

“Tunyoron Insecticide”

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Research II,

this research entitled “Chili Cacao Insecticide” was prepared and submitted

by Airah Mae L. Alsol and Drina B. Paglinawan, who are hereby

recommended for oral examination.

_________________________

Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz

Research Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment if the requirements for the subject

Research II by oral Examination Committee.

______________________ ___________

______________________ ___________

Acceptance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

Research II.

_______________________

Mr. Elmer C. Ravina

Principal II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to give gratitude to the following that help,

support and guide them to do this researchers proposal to be successful.

To Mr. Elmer C. Ravina, a secondary principal of DepEd Paaralang

Sekundarya ng Lucban that support the researchers and all the students that

approved to finish this proposal.

To Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz, adviser and teacher of Research II that

help and guide the researchers in making this proposal to be more

successful.

To the researchers’ family, relatives and parents that help them to

their financial needs and support and guide them all the way to the success

of this research proposal.

To the mutual friends of the researchers that help them to finish this

study on the way to the top of success.

And most of all the Almighty God for giving the researchers the guts

and self- confidence they had to the success of their research proposal.

AMLA and DBP

DEDICATION

This research proposal is dedicated with all love by the researchers to their

Parents and family to their sisters and brothers, to their wonderful friends

And also to their classmates. To their class adviser and teacher

in Research II and most of all to Almighty God for

the presence of mind and self-confidence

given to them for the success of this

Research Proposal.

AMLA and DBP

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations of the researchers for their research study entitled “Chili

Cacao Insecticide”.

This study focused mainly on formulating an insecticide out of chili

pepper and madre cacao and its acceptability.

Summary

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Chili Pepper and

Madre Cacao in killing insects. The extract of Chili Pepper and Madre

Cacao served as the natural insecticide intended to kill insects. The

preparation of needed materials and using it as an insecticide applied to ants

and ticks were done on January 4, 2013.

The experimental method was applied by the researchers. The

researchers gathered information about the Chili pepper and Madre cacao.

The two materials was a set of boiling within 30 minutes. Then the mixture

was cooled and became ready to use.

The researcher applied the Chili Cacao insecticide to ants and ticks to

test its effectiveness. The insects positively responded to the Chili Cacao

Insecticide after 1 hour of application.

20

The acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide was tested in terms of

color, texture and fragrance through a self-made questionnaire. Using the

weighted –average mean the texture was found to be most acceptable, the

color was acceptable and the fragrance was unacceptable.

Findings

From the conducted study, the researchers found out that:

1. It was found out that insecticide can be produced from Chili pepper

and Madre cacao and can be applied to ants and ticks.

2. For the level of acceptability in terms of color, the Chili Cacao

Insecticide was found acceptable with a weighted mean 3.55, in terms

of fragrance it was found unacceptable with a weighted mean 2.45,

and in terms of texture, it was found strongly acceptable with the

weighted mean of 3.75.

3. The Chili Cacao Insecticide can be used as a substitute to the

commercial insecticides and it is economical.

21

Conclusion

Based on the results obtained in this study, the following conclusions

were drawn:

1. The mixed extract of Chili pepper and Madre Cacao can produce

insecticide that can kill insects like ants and ticks.

2. The insecticide from Chili pepper and Madre Cacao was strongly

acceptable in terms of texture and unacceptable in terms of fragrance.

3. The insecticide was found out to be economical and can be as a

substitute to a commercial insecticide.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions the following

recommendations were formulated:

1. Another study should be conducted to test its effectiveness to other

insects and pest that destroy crops.

2. Further experimentations related to the improvement of the insecticide

from Chili pepper and Madre cacao extract should be done to improve

the quality of the insecticide.

3. Improvement of the shelf-life of the product should also be

undertaken.

PERSONAL DATA

NAME : Airah Mae L. Alsol

BIRTHDAY : February 13, 1996

BIRTHPLACE : Lucban, Quezon

CIVIL STATUS : Single

PARENTS : Allan A. Alsol

Marissa L. Alsol

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2003-2009 Elementary Education

Paaralang Elementarya ng Lucban

Lucban, Quezon

2009-2013 Secondary Education

Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban

Lucban, Quezon

AirahmaealsolAirah Mae L. Alsol

PERSONAL DATA

NAME : Drina B. Paglinawan

BIRTHDAY : June 17, 1996

BIRTHPLACE : Lucban, Quezon

CIVIL STATUS : Single

PARENTS : Edwin O. Paglinawan

Ma. Rachel B. Paglinawan

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2003-2009 Elementary Education

Paaralang Elementarya ng Lucban

Lucban, Quezon

2009-2013 Secondary Education

Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban

Lucban, Quezon

Drinabpaglinawan

Drina B. Paglinawan

ABSTRACT

Humans are facing their greatest problem about insects that can be

found in their home, community or in the fields. Some insecticide may be

expensive and poor people cannot afford it. If proven possible, farmers can

have an alternative source of insecticide in case they cannot afford an

insecticide with a high price.

This study aimed to produce insecticide from Chili pepper and Madre

Cacao and test its effectiveness and determine the acceptability level in

terms of texture, color and fragrance. Specifically, this study sought to

answer the following questions:

1. What particular insects can be killed by the Chili Cacao

Insecticide?

2. Is Chili Cacao insecticide acceptable in terms of:

a. texture

b. color

c. fragrance

3. Is Chili Cacao Insecticide economical compared to commercial

insecticide?

Title : Chili Cacao Insecticide

Researchers : Airah Mae L. Alsol

Drina B. Paglinawan

Adviser : Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz

School : Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban

Address : Brgy. Aliliw Lucban, Quezon

viii

Based on the statement of the problem, the following

hypotheses were drawn.

1. There are no particular insects that can be killed by the Chili

Cacao Insecticide.

2. It is not acceptable in terms of texture, color and fragrance.

3. Chili Cacao insecticide is not economical compared to commercial

insecticide.

After conducting the experiments, the following findings were

revealed. It was found out that insecticide can be produced from Chili

pepper and Madre Cacao, and was effective in killing insects like ants and

ticks. The color of the Chili Cacao was found to be acceptable with the

weighted mean of 3.55. Its fragrance was found unacceptable with a

weighted mean 2.45, its texture was strongly acceptable with the weighted

mean 3.75.

Based on the findings, conclusions the researchers recommended that

another study were formulated:

Another study should be conducted to test it to other insects and pests

that destroy crops and may also include pests. Further experimentations

related to the improvement of the insecticide from Chili Pepper and Madre

Cacao extract should be done to improve the quality of the insecticide and

improve the half-life of the product.

Table of Contents

I. TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………...i

II. APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………..…ii

III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………..iii

IV. DEDICATION…………………………………………………iv

V. TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………….v-vi

VI. ABSTRACT……………………………………………….vii-viii

CHAPTER

I. Introduction……………………………………………………….1

Background of the Study…………………………………….………..…2

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………...3

Hypotheses………………………………………………….....………....4

Significance of the Study………………………………………………...4

Scope and Limitation…………………………………….……................5

Time Frame……………………………………………………………....5

II. Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature…………………………………………………..…6-8

Related studies……………………………………………………….9-10

Definition of Terms………………………………………………..…...11

III. Methodology

Locale of the Study……………………………………………….…....12

Research Design………………………………………………….…12-13

Materials………………………………………………………….…….13

Treatment and General Procedures……………………………………..14

Sources of Data…………………………………………………….…...15

vi

Statistical treatment………………………………………………….15

Time Frame………………………………………………………….16

IV. Presentation, Analysis and interpretation of Data

Table 1…………………………………………………………….…….17

Table 2…………………………………………………………….….....18

Table 3…………………………………………………………….…….18

V. Summary, Conclusions and Reccomendations

Summary…………………………………………………………….19-20

Findings………………………………………………………….…......20

Conclusions………………………………………………………..…....21

Reccomendations……………………………………………..……..….21

EVALUATION SHEET……………..………………….……….….22

APPENDICES………………………..……………………….....23-24

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………..……………………………….25

PERSONAL DATA…………….....………….………………….26-27

23

APPENDICES

Madre CacaoChili Pepper

Boil the Madre Cacao and Chili Pepper in 15 minutes.

Add the detergent powder.

24

Final Product: “Chili Cacao Insecticide”

Ants when sprayed by the researchers insecticide.