16
Workshop on ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY- ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN 5/13/2016 Podgorica, Montenegro 21-22 April 2016
Workshop on
ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY-
ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF
TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION
IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN
5/13/2016 Podgorica, Montenegro
21-22 April 2016
Sources
National International
• Ministries with relation to the nexus
components (plans, strategies, official
reports and communications)
• Statistical offices
• Electricity utilities and Transmission
System Operators
• Governmental Energy and
environmental Agencies
• Hydrological institutes.
Key observations from the ‘opinion based questionnaire’ :
• High degree of agreement in the point of views in general.
• Level of coordination between sectors in the national level and the transboundary level is not adequate.
• The economy in the basin is heavily dependant on single sector.
• The awareness of the local population about the environmental issues is a point on which there is
disagreement.
• Water shortage is an important issue in the basin and it affecting different activities (Agriculture, Industry
and Domestic)
• Water quality is affecting population’s health and need to be improved.
• It is not clear (or agreed upon) if the energy policies and strategies can secure energy future. However,
there is a great agreement on the importance of electricity trade between riparian countries for energy
security.
43%
7% 14%
36%
G.3 AREA OF EXPERTISE
a. Waterb. Food and land-usec. Environment and ecosystemsd. Energy
43%
36%
21%
G.2 Geographical perspective that you represent
BA ME RS
23%
69%
8%
G.1 Type of organization
a. Privateb. Administration (national)c. Administrator (local)d. Civil societye. NGOf. Academia
0
3
3
1
1
2
8
7
6
7
8
0
0
1
2
3
2
5
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
W1. Water availability has been an issue in the basin.
W2. There have been municipal water shortages.
W2. There have been industrial water shortages.
W3. There have been agricultural water shortages.
W4. Water shortages are expected in the future.
W5. Operation of reservoirs, hydro-power and water diversions havelimited the availability for downstream water uses.
Water Management
a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree
3
1
7
5
1
1
0
2
3
7
4
3
2
5
6
5
7
4
0
3
1
4
4
4
4
1
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
W9. Water quality issues have impacted local health.
W10. Water quality will worsen in the future.
W11. Wastewater treatment needs to be improved.
W12. Industrial activities in the region (e.g. mineral industry) affect water quality.
W13. Water quality has deteriorated.
W14. This (W11) has impacted the ecology of the basin’s water bodies
W15. There have been serious water quality incidents in the past (such as chemical,microbial or pathogen pollution of drinking water).
W16. Water availability has been impacted strongly with changing weather patterns.
W17. Extreme climate events (floods & droughts) have impacted the region.
Water Quality
a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree
0
1
2
2
1
0
0
7
5
2
6
6
3
3
3
4
2
2
3
3
4
0
0
4
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
L1. Most food consumed in the basin area is produced locally.
L2. Agricultural practices (and animal husbandry) should be intensified.
L3. Local agricultural production (and animal husbandry) will diminish.
L4. Land degradation is occurring in the basin area.
L5. Low water availability has affected crop yield.
L6. Agricultural land will be extended.
L7. Protected areas are limiting economic activities.
Food and Land Use
a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
8
6
4
8
3
5
3
2
3
5
1
4
4
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
L8. Extreme natural events have damaged crops and livestock.
L9. Frequency and duration of droughts have increased over the past 10.
L10. Crop yield is highly vulnerable and volatile in the basin area.
L11. Irrigation expansion in the basin will increase agricultureproduction.
L12. Agricultural goods produced in the basin are exported to otherregions and/or countries.
L13. There have been unaffordable high food prices in the basin area (inthe last 10 years).
L14. Agricultural production negatively affects water quality.
Food and Land Use
a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree
0
0
0
1
0
2
5
6
8
3
3
2
3
5
3
5
8
2
3
0
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
E1. There is enough energy to reliably serve all needs in the basin.
E2. Energy demand will increase significantly in the basin area.
E3. Current energy efficiency levels are low (production, transmission oruse)
E4. There are clear procedures for taking environmental and socialconcerns into account when applying for the approval of an energy…
E5. Policies and strategies exist that will help the basin to have a secureenergy future.
E6. The authorities are giving too much attention to the energy sector, atthe expense of other sectors.
Energy
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
1
2
1
0
1
7
7
5
8
6
1
3
5
3
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
E7. Hydropower reservoirs are operated to gain multiple benefitsoutside of the energy sector, like flood control and navigation.
E8. Operation of hydropower along the basin has impacted the flowregime of the river and downstream activities.
E9. Projects of cross-countrieshydropower facilities exist for the region.
E10. Electricity trade between riparian countries in the basin is essentialfor energy security.
E11. There are plans to expand Renewable energy deployment in theregion.
Energy
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
2
1
2
1
3
5
4
5
5
1
2
1
0
3
2
3
0
0
1
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
E12. How would you best describe past incidents regarding energyshortages in the basin? (in the last 10 years)
E13. How significant is the impact of energy-related activities on the waterquality of the basin?
E14. How significant is the impact of energy-related activities on theavailability of water (quantity and timing)?
E15. How significant is the impact of climate change on crucial energyinfrastructure in the future?
Energy
Insignificant Local and moderate Local but severe Widespread but moderate Widespread and severe
0
2
2
0
0
4
5
7
9
5
5
4
2
1
5
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
V1. Environmental performance of activities in the basin is satisfactory.
V2. The environment should receive more attention from the authorities.
V3. Human activities are putting significant pressure on the localecosystems.
V4. Human activities are exacerbating the frequency of natural disasters.
V5. Sufficient measures have been taken to prevent natural disasters.
Environment
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
3
7
6
7
9
9
7
1
4
2
4
4
1
1
3
3
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
V6. Sufficient measures have been taken to address the issue of ecosystemdegradation.
V7. There are important habitats in the basin which require special protection.
V8. Severe natural disasters frequently affect the basin.
V9. Biodiversity loss is evident in the basin.
V10. Landscape changes over the past decade have been occurring in anenvironmentally detrimental manner.
V11. Climate change might present a/is a known threat to ecosystem services inthe region.
V12. Eco-tourism is expected to contribute positively for the preservation ofenvironmental quality in the basin.
V13. Eco-tourism is/has the potential to be economically significant in the basin.
Environment
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
7
5
5
4
7
5
6
6
8
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
O1. There is adequate coordination across sectors at the nationallevel.
O2. There is adequate coordination across sectors at thetransboundary level.
O3. Benefits from natural resources are equitably shared (acrosssectors/across countries).
O4. One sector’s objectives usually have a priority in political decision.
O5. Currently, there are no major socioeconomic challenges faced bythe local population.
Basin Overview
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
0
1
0
0
0
3
3
5
4
8
6
6
8
4
5
0
5
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
O6. The basin seems to be heading towards a secure socioeconomicfuture.
O7. Climate change is an important part of national policy agenda.
O8. Local population is aware of environmental issues.
O9. Local population have the means to influence major decisionsinfluencing the basin.
O10. The economy in the basin is heavily dependent on one singlesector.
O11. Population migration from the basin to cities has significant effecton the basin economy.
Basin Overview
Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree
Workshop on
ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY-
ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF
TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION
IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN
5/13/2016 Podgorica, Montenegro
21-22 April 2016
