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8/3/2019 Drinking Water Quality DB Khadka
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Drinking Water Quality: Special
ocus ng o eve op ng oun ry
By Dambar B. Khadka
KaHo Sient Lieven, Gent
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Introduction
Earth contains about 70% of water; majority of
them is ocean water
water supports food security, people livelihood,
. By 2050, 9 billion population
By 2025 (IFPRI 2002)
House hold use increased by 50%
Irrigation use increased by only 4%
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Water Quality & Human Health
Water is one of the most fundamental needs
(Maslows principle of needs)
Safe drinking water and sanitation is critical to
,development
Drinking water quality status is worsen in
developing world
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Unsafe water and Health
Total 2.16 million people death per year by
diarrhoeal disease
1.8 million( 88 % ) of is due to water supply,
san a on an yg ene.
Diarrhoeal account to an estimated 4.1% of the
total global DALY
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Sources of water Pollution
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Drinking Water quality
Drinking water Quality
Physical Chemical Biological
TDS, DS, Appearance,
Taste, Clarity, Odour
Inorganic and organic
chemical
Radioactivity
Bacteria, Parasites,
worms
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Major water Quality problems
Biological quality
Microbial or viral Diarrhoea,
Ascaris, Dracunculis, Hookworm
Schistosomiasis worms
rac oma etc....
Chemicals Arsenossis
Flurosis
Lead poisoning etc....
Source: WHO , 2011
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Diarrhoeal death status in world
Diarrhoea is commonly taken as water quality and
safety indicator
Source: WHO Data Base 2004
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Water Quality difference
Developed Vs Underdeveloped world
884 Million (13 %) people in the world used unimproved drinking
water sources
87% of world population used improved drinking Water sources
.
Figure: Regional distribution of unimproved sources in 2008 ( JMP
2010)
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Water quality difference; Trend
Developed Vs Underdeveloped world
Figure: Trend of getting improved sources in 1990-2008
( WHO Database 2011)
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Urban Vs Rural;
Trend % accessibility of improved
water
Gap is still existing between the rural and urban area of
the developing world
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Sanitation difference
Developed Vs Underdeveloped world
Figure: regional distribution of 2.6 billion people
not using improved sanitation facilities in 2008 (
JMP 2010)
Figure: Trend of getting improved
sources in 1990-2008 ( WHO
Database 2011)
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Trend on use of Types water sources
Improved waterOther Improved
waterUnimproved water
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Water Quality &Technological Issues
Piped Distribution system
Inadequate disinfection
Inadequate pressure head or back sophonage
intermittent water su lleakage in water
Ageing and incomplete infrastructure
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Water Quality &Technological Issues
Unimproved other improved drinking watersources
Unavailability of drinking water sources
unplanned household and industrial waste
incorrect selection of water sources
Poor sanitation and Hygiene, Transportation
Poverty
Lack of point of use sustainable Technology
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MDG Goal and Target Achievement
25
30
water
Projected 9%
40
45
50
itation
Projected 36 %
MDG Target 23%
World within Track
for Improved water
sources
World off track
for sanitation
0
5
10
15
20
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
%
Populationw
ithoutImproveddrinking
sources
Year
MDG Target 12 %
672
million
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1990 2000 2010%Population
withoutImprovedsan
Year
1
Billion
1.67
Billion
Source: JMP 2010
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Discussion
Diarrhoeal risk is more higher concerning to sub-Saharan andsouth Asia along with sanitation facilities
Sanitation is out of Track to meet MDG target
MDG goal and Projection Vs Rapid Population Growth (Chinaand India alone with major improved water and sanitation)
Poor maintenance and infrastructure
Lack of knowledge, awareness
Community Centralization of drinking water
Improper discharge of the industrial waste and disposal
Same dwelling line and pipe distribution line
Politics and beurocratic situations & burdens
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Discussion
Chemical quality of drinking water should not beignored ( in some cases > WHO Guideline value)
Arsenic :
in tube well and dug well water in 20 district ofTerai region in Nepal (Thakur
et al. 2010)
.800,000 people, from 312 villages consumed arsenic contaminated water
and minimum 175,000 people have arsenic skin lesions (Das et al. 1996)
In Bangladesh and China have also been reported (Smith & Smith 2004).
Chemical quality along with arsenic content found in tube well, bore whole
and river water in some region of the Ghana (Rossiter et al. 2010)
Fluoride :
India and china are the worst affected countries in the world (Ayoob & Gupta
2007)
High concentration in Rift Valley of Ethopia (Kloos & Haimanot 2002).
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Conclusions and recommendations
Access to drinking water from improved sources
Sanitation facilities are week in developing country ( Out ofTrack To meet MDG Target)
Post contamination in treated water supply is Important toconsidered: data is emerging
Some a arming regions or c emica contaminant
Additionally existence burden for quality water supply are
Improper management
political issues and Beurocratic system
Lack in adoption of the Good practices, maintenance andmanagement of drinking water production and supply
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Conclusion and Recommendation
Problem observed in the distribution system is also important particularly
in the piped water supply area in developing countries. But the data is not
sufficiently available for the distribution system. A complete data set is
needed on this aspects to set future policy and strategies.
In other hand chemical contamination in some particular area have to be
, technology for those particular area is also equally important
A multi barrier approach to sector operation and management to ensure
improved quality supplied.
Commitment of government, Strengthen policy and development of
strategy at a country level considering water quality as a prime cause of
health and economic loss integrating with the other national and international body is essential.
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Thank You
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Industrial Waste
e.g. Boiling feed water
Cleaning water , disinfection
water, industrial Effluent
industrial SewageIndustrial emission
fuels: storage & spills etc.
Municipal & Domestic
e.g.. Dwellings, Sewage,
Detergent, motor oil , paint
etc.
Agriculture
e.g.: Fertilizer, Pesticides,Antibiotic feed, Livestock
waste etc.
Storm water
Run off water
containing
Source of water
Natural
Soil geology, soil
contain heavy metal
household or
municipal garbage
, spillage etc
Land Fill
Public, private &
industrial land fill
Poor underground
storage tank
po ution
Other
e.g.. Rain and
seasonal variations
etc.