Photovoltaic Power System

Renata BakoussevaHessa DarwishHall SunDrinking Water Supply System using Solar Power Table of contents (add)Mention alternatives1Table of Contents2IntroductionEnergy AlternativesConcentrated Solar Power (CSP)Wind PowerSolar Power System Design Hydraulic System DesignFinancialsFuture Considerations Introduction884 million people in the world live without access to clean water 1.2 million children die each year as a result of water related diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, and trachoma

3Reference stats (everywhere)

3The Two SystemsApatut, the Philippines150 households~750 inhabitants300 mi. north of Manila

44The Two SystemsLas Delicias, El Salvador470 households~3,000 inhabitants25 mi. from San Salvador

5Empty space, this one and nextLarger text, or larger mapMore general project things5Problem IdentificationProvide sustainable, affordable, reliable power source6Different population sizes (order of magnitude)Different scale- stress!6Energy AlternativesMake a stronger point that CSP was suggested as the starting pointwe started hereStress that it is not neededwhile workedtoo big

7Power Tower

The mirror reflects solar power onto a collector within the power tower. The power tower then sends the molten fluid through the Rankine cycle which generates electricity 8Larger image (difficult to read text on pic)8Parabolic Trough Sunlight hits the collectors which reflect the heat onto the absorber tubes The transfer fluid collects the heat and transfers it to a Rankine system

9Solar Dish EngineThe sunlight rays collect on the reflector which focuses the collected heat on the receiverThe receiver then transfers the heat onto the engine, a Stirling heat engine that converts the heat power into mechanical work

10Puncutation10Solar Comparisons 11CSP TechnologyConc. RatioOperating Temp CAvg: Solar- electric efficiencyUnit Size Range2010 Capital Costs $/kWPower Tower500-1000400-60012-18%30-200 Mwe 2,500 Parabolic Trough 10-100100-4008-12%30-100 Mwe 2,500 Dish Engine600-3000600-150015-30%5-50 kWe 1,500 No actual project energy requirements (emphasize)Why is solar too big? EmphasizeConcentration ratio (why it matters)Land use (more space, not popular)Circle important criteria (unit size range, cost, land)

11Wind Power-Las Delicias

12May be oddly placedThings that did not workRemind audience (emphasize) that these are alternatives that did not workStarted with CSP, explored other options (wind did not work)12Wind Power-Apatut

13Picture is not greatHard to readDifferent picture13Solar Power System DesignPhotovoltaic Effect

15What effects energy produced variables (qualitative)sun, kw/m^2materials, mono vs. poly15System Components

16Bigger image on rightGraphic- highlight parts of picture as discussing them16Solar PanelsBestSun New Energy Co., LtdMonocrystalline Silicon CellsTypeMax Power (Wp)EfficiencyModule Area (m^2)Panels/Modulemono180-19017-17.75%1.2872poly200-24015.25-17%1.48,1.6654,60CPV60023.00%3.431CPV240023.00%13.73117Efficiency a measure of?sunlight to electricityDifferences in efficiency and typerange instead of all of themHighlight chosen oneTotal area footprint (33, 10)

17Batteries18Only at Las Delicias18Hydraulic System Design

Pump Requirements2020Current design- Las Delicias

VFDPV modules2139421

New Design, Las DeliciasNew tank (20,000 gal)2 new booster pumps1 new submersible pump2222TDH = Static lift + Static height + Head loss

2323System - Pump performance curves: Las Delicias, El Salvador; submersible pump24Best Efficiency Range24Pump Summary: Las Delicias, El SalvadorPUMP[HP][kW][GPM][GPM]Desired TDH [ft]No. of PV modulesCost [$]

Submersible25.018.75125105487199,000Booster to tank 17.55.63503034364,000Booster to tank 31.51.12251520112,000TOTAL 34.025.502615,0002525

26Apatut, the Philippines26Pump Summary: Apatut, the PhilippinesPUMP[HP][kW][GPM][GPM]DesiredTDH [ft]No. of PV modulesCost [$]

Submersible7.505.635040289.482,000TOTAL7.505.632,00027FinancialsFinancial AssumptionsRevenue AssumptionsProductivity GainCost Assumptions$.69/Watt for panels$.38/Watt for other/indirect.3% maintenance costs

29Larger plot size1 should be 1.0Explain figure on slide$.69/W? of what29Investment and Operation30Financial ResultsPhilanthropic Project20 year life spanGovernment viewpointDiscount rate = return on debt = 1.6%Las Delicias, El SalvadorNPV = $413,000IRR = 36%Apatut, the PhilippinesNPV = $78,000IRR = 41%31Future ConsiderationsRainwater Harvesting

33Larger Text, empty space33Costs 34Average Tank ~ 250 gallonsLas DeliciasApatutGutters/ft. $ 1.50 $ 1.50 Wire Mesh $ 20.00 $ 20.00 Wire Netting $ 15.00 $ 15.00 Cement $ 8.00 $ 8.00 Sand $ 2.00 $ 2.00 Water $ 5.00 $ 5.00 Downspout x2 $ 18.00 $ 18.00 Elbow x2 $ 2.00 $ 2.00 Gutter Filter/ft. $ 2.00 $ 2.00 Tank Cost $ 50.00 $ 50.00 Tank Cost/House $ 186.00 $ 315.00 Total Cost $ 87,420.00 $ 47,250.00 Cents not neededConsistency in magnitude34ConclusionPhotovoltaic power supplyLow maintenance costsEfficient hydraulic systemEconomic benefits of clean water

35Developed, proposed, designed, not came up withCareful to not be Disney movie (less emotional)35Thank You!Professor Leonard A. FabianoProfessor Sean P. HolleranAdam A. BrostowEngineers Without BordersConsultants36Questions?Tank Sizing

Stresses on a curve Stresses on a rectangle Hoop Stresses, unconstrained and constrained. 38Tank Sizing

Sizing Based on Maximum Tank Volume, operated from pumps 39Pump SchedulingExtreme ScenariosDaylight Pumping only (9 hrs)No batteriesWasted energyContinuous pumping (22 hrs)Maximum storageIterative methodUtilize excess from daylight only scenario40Scenario 3, Las Delicias

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