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Drip Irrigation
Water ConservationDotty Woodson
Extension Program Specialist Water ResourcesTexas AgriLIFE ExtensionDallas Research and Extension
Urban Solutions Center
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Growth and WaterTexas
Population Growth Water Supply
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Development Impacts
on the Water Cycle
50%
10%
15%
55%
40% 30%
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Fertilizer
Pesticides
Pathogens
Sediment
Toxic ContaminantsDebris
Thermal Stress
Increased Quantity
Decreased Quality
Greater Speed
Development Impacts
on Water Quality
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Population(million)
Deman
d/Supply
(millio
nac-ft)
Projected Water Supply/Demand and PopulationRegion L - South Central Texas
Demand Supply Population
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Landscape Irrigation In Texas
3.5 million acres of maintainedturfgrass in Texas
Single family households accountfor 58% (or 2.03 m ill ion acres) of
maintained turfgrass
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Water Conservation is the easiest and lesexpensive method to make our water usesustainable.
Texans use between 8 and 9 billion gallonsof water per day. The aquifers arerecharged at a rate of 4 to 5 billion gallonsper day.
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Control of Water Resources
Stock tank: exempt
Surface WaterState Owned
Permits issued by Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
Groundwater
Rule of Capture
Local Groundwater Conservation Districts
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
T
h
o
u
s
an
d
s
o
f
a
c
re-f
e
e
t
Conservation
Conservation - irrigation
Reuse
Groundwater
Surface water
Surface water - majorreservoirsConjunctive use
Desalination
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Agriculture in Victoria County
Average size of farms: 400 acres Average value of agricultural products sold per farm:
$22600 Average value of crops sold per acre: $163.11 The value of nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod:
4.41% The value of livestock, poultry, and their products: 51.97%
Harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms:16.65% Irrigated harvested cropland: 2.93% Milk cows as a percentage of all cattle and calves: 0.07% Corn for grain: 30708 harvested acres Upland cotton: 11458 harvested acres Soybeans for beans: 12492 harvested acres
Vegetables: 83 harvested acres Land in orchards: 648 acres
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Victoria Water
Total withdrawal of fresh water for public supply:10.27 millions of gallons per day
Water Utilities: $5,480,000
Sewage: $3,654,000
Read more: http://www.city-
data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUO
http://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUOhttp://www.city-data.com/city/Victoria-Texas.html#ixzz0U12imjUO8/6/2019 Drip Irrigation Water Conservation - STFRS 09
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Victoria Water Production
Primary source is 20,000 acre feet of surface water from
the Guadalupe River. Currently this is about two timesthe amount of water that the City currently uses.
Off-channel reservoirs holding 10,000 acre feet of water
Lastly, the City of Victoria has retained the ability to use10 of its 15 historic water wells for extreme emergencies
and for peak demand periods. These wells are drilledinto the Gulf Coast Aquifer and prior to 2001 theysupplied all of the water for the Citys residents.
For more information call (361) 485-3381.
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Water Treatment
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Weather Report
Victoria, TX
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Evapotranspiration (ET)
Evapotranspiration is
the combined loss ofwater from the soiland wet surfaces due
to evaporation andplants due totranspiration
ET is an estimate ofpotential planted-area
water demand ininches
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Evapotranspiration
J F M A M J J A S O N D Total
Victoria 2.3 2.8 4.2 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.9 6.7 5.4 4.4 2.9 2.3 57.02
Rainfall
Victoria 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.9 4.9 4.8 3.1 3.1 5.4 3.7 2.5 2.3 39.17
Evapotranspiration
Victoria, TX
Resource: Http://texaset.tamu.edu
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Irrigation
Farm/Ranch
CropsFirewise Landscape
OrchardDrip
Landscape
Drip
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Furrow vs Subsurface Drip
Subsurface Drip irrigation as a Weed ManagementShrestha, J. P. Mitchell, W. T. Lanini
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 31:91-112.
http://jsa.haworthpress.com/http://jsa.haworthpress.com/8/6/2019 Drip Irrigation Water Conservation - STFRS 09
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Pivot Irrigation
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Drip Irrigation
Most Efficient Irrigation Method Is 90% efficient compared to 65% or less with
other systems Equipment is readily available and easy toinstalled
May be exempt from water restrictionsimposed during drought Reduces water loss due to evaporation Reduces runoff Reduces leaching of water and nutrients
below the root zone Saves Money
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Drip Irrigation
Orchards
Vineyards
Greenhouse
Vegetable Fields Flower Garden
Shrub Areas Groundcover Areas
Lawns
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Types of Drip Irrigation
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Types of Drip Irrigation
Soaker HosesEasy to bend around shrubby
1/2 tubingAdd emitters only where you want water
NetafimSelf flushing built-in emitters
Micro Emitters
Place where you want water Purple Pipe
Non-potable water
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Drip Irrigation Pressure
Minimum operating
pressure for a dripsystem is 15 psi -maximum is 25-30
psi Use pressure
regulator
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Water Source
Well
Pump Cistern
Pump
Municipal
Water Pressure
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Soaker Hose
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Hose Caddy
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Drip Irrigation Connections
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Backflow Preventer
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Drip Irrigation Connectors
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Drip Irrigation Materials
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Emitter Added to Line
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Placement and Wetting Pattern
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In-Line Emitters
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Irrigation Valve
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Ti
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Timers
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Irrigation Controllers
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Smart Controllers
ET
Soil Moisture
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Run Time
Emitters
Figure gallons perhour
Run for 30 minutes
Test for depth andspread
Water 6 inches deep
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Irrigation Audit
Purpose: Check Irrigation Efficiency Create an Efficient Irrigation Schedule Identify Problems with Irrigation System Potential Water Savings Potential Dollar Savings Improved Water Distribution
Increased Quality of Landscape Excellent Neighbor Relations Most Accurate Method to Determine Run Times
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Converting Existing System
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Micro Drip Irrigation
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Winter Maintenance
If freeze is expected
Disconnect fromfaucet to drain
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Rain Sensor
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Subsurface Irrigation
Soil Wetting Patterns
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Soil Wetting Patterns
CLAY LOAM SAND
Downward, pulled by gravityOutward and Upward, pulled by capillary action
Irrigation BMPs
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gat o s Water only when required.
Only judge water requirements in the morning. Water deeply to promote deep and healthy roots.
One inch of water will generally penetrate the soil to a
depth of six inches. Water slowly for better absorption. Use drip or soaker
hoses wherever possible
Never water on windy days Water late at night or early in the morning to reduce
wasteful evaporation
Maintain a 2 to 4 inch mulch layer in flower,groundcover, garden and shrub areas
Water newly planted flowers, shrubs and treesindividually
Water without creating runoff
Check irrigation system monthly
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http://www.netafim-usa-landscape.com/
www.digcorp.com http://www.rainbird.com/drip/index.htm
Resources
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Resources
http://txsmartscape.com http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/
http://urbanlandscapeguide.tamu.edu/
http://www.trwd.com/prod/index.asp http://texaset.tamu.edu/
http://turf.tamu.edu/
http://rainwaterharvesting.tamu.edu/
http://irrigation.tamu.edu/
http://earthkindroses.tamu.edu/ http://aggie-
horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkind/index.html
http://dallas.tamu.edu/
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For More InformationDotty WoodsonExtension Program Specialist- Water ResourcesTexas AgriLife Extension17360 Coit RoadDallas, Texas 75252