Driver’s Ed Section 5

Day 2

Other Driver Responsibilities and Vehicle

Considerations

Objectives: Day 2 Students will understand visibility limitations in bad

weather Students will understand unusually strong wind

conditions Students will understand low water crossings Students will understand different types of floods Students will understand driving in extreme hot and

cold temperatures Students will understand safety restraints for adults Students will understand types of belt-locking

systems Students will understand roadway technology Students will understand vehicle technology Students will understand controlling consequences

Bell Ringer #2

Write a half a page red to red.

*Explain the three types of road rage and give an example for each type.

Heavy Smoke, Rain, Fog or Snow

In an instant, the following can occur: Smoke is evident ahead. Suddenly smoke

and ashes from a large brush fire cover the road.

It is sprinkling. A few moments later, rain is falling in a solid sheet.

Snow is falling lightly. Two miles down the road, it becomes a whiteout.

DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

Visibility Limitations

Reduce speedMake sure your headlights are on low beam (aimed at the road surface) to reduce the amount of light/glare reflected back at youTurn on your windshield wipersIf necessary, turn on the defroster or air conditioner

Driving in Bad Weather

Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather

Reduce speed, but NEVER stop in a travel lane

Turn on emergency flashers Look for an exit from the

highway

Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather

stop beyond end of guard rail back up to outboard of the guard rail turn off all lights (WHY??) wait for the bad weather to pass

If impossible to leave highway:

If your stopping distance is longer

than your sight distance, you have

created a high risk situation – slow

down

Visibility Limitations in Bad Weather

Sto

pp

ing

Dis

tan

ce

Visibility Range

Braking distances at 20 mph with conventional tires on different pavement conditions

Ice - 150 feet

Packed Snow - 60 feet

Wet - 25 feet

Dry - 20 feet

Unusually Strong Wind Conditions

Strong winds create a problem called buffeting.

Buffeting: To strike against forcefully

This condition can occur on bridges and when being passed by large trucks.

These wind gusts and blasts can cause total loss of vehicle control.

How To Respond to Wind

Reduce speed. Grip the steering wheel firmly to maintain

vehicle control. Leave extra space between your vehicle

and other vehicles. Be prepared to counter steer. Stay off brake

Low Water Crossings

Low Water Crossings

Nearly 50% of flash flood fatalities are vehicle related

Search for flood prone areas:

- highway dips

- bridges

- low areas

Most vehicles will float

Very little water on the road surface can cause loss of control

Low Water Crossings

Driving too fast through water will cause the vehicle to hydroplane and lose contact with the road surface.

5 Types of Floods

Coastal Flood

Urban Flood

River Flood

Flash Flood

Ice Jam

River Floods

Occur seasonally when heavy rains fill rivers or

Heavy rains from hurricanes or tropical systems

Coastal Floods

Winds generated from tropical storms and hurricanes can drive ocean water inland.

Earthquakes can also produce waves called tsunamis, sometimes referred to as tidal waves.

Urban Floods

As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to absorb rainfall.

Streets can become swift moving rivers.

Flash Flooding

An arroyo is a water-carved gully or normally dry creek bed.

Arroyos can fill with fast-moving water very quickly.

Ice Jams Floating ice can accumulate at a natural or

manmade obstruction and stop the flow of water.

Extreme Temperatures

+32

+120

-40

O

O

O

+32

+120

-40

O

O

O

Hot and Cold Temperatures

Vehicles are designed to operate in a wide range of temperatures, from very hot to extremely cold. However, these extreme conditions can cause stress to any vehicle part that is temperature sensitive.

• Tires should be balanced, aligned,

the proper type, and have adequate tread

- The legal minimum, 2/32 of an inch tread depth,

is inadequate on wet surfaces• Check tire inflation

- Check cold tire pressure regularly

(noted inside driver’s door or in manual)

• Check radiator coolant, hoses, and connections

Cold Weather Precautions

Cold Weather Checks

Check heater, defroster

and air conditioner system

Winterized windshield wiper fluid

Check drive belts for tension and wear

Keep lights and glass areas clear and clean

Check windshield wiper blades

Tire inflation needs special attention

Under inflated tires are subject to heat and pressure buildup, especially when driving for extended distances at higher speeds.

Hot Weather Checks

The air conditioner, radiator coolant hoses, connections, and drive

belts need special attention.

due to the extra load placed on these cooling

systems.

Occupant Protection

Refers to safety belts, child restraints, and driver/passenger side air bags.

Video

Seat Belts

Your number one defense to prevent severe injuries is to wear your safety belt.

Seatbelt Video

• Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash

• Minimize movement of the upper and lower body in a crash

• Dramatically reduce the severity of injuries

Seat Belts

Seatbelt Video

Normal Conditions Emergency Conditions

Seat Belt

Seat Belt

Ratchet Mechanism

Ratchet Mechanism

Pendulum Pendulum

Bar Bar

Sudden Car Movement

Types of Belt-Locking Systems

Head Restraints

Proper adjustment minimizes whiplash.

Improper adjustment may result in severe neck injury.

Adjust to a position above the ear level to avoid serious injury

Air Bags in Dash or Steering Wheel

No passenger under 12 years ofage should sit in the front seat

Protect driver or passengers from sustaining severe head and chest injuries

The air bag inflates in the blink of an eye, at speeds as high as 200 miles per hour.

Air Bags in Dash or Steering Wheel• Raise seat or adjust steering wheel to

direct air bag toward chest and not at the facial area

• Adjust seat for a minimum 10-inch clearance between chest and steering wheel

• Hand position should be at 8 and 4

• Avoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent blow hole burns to hands and arms

10 inches

Air Bags for side impact protection

Located in the upper door

frame, side of the seat, or

door panel Protect head from hitting

the window

Side air bag deploys in crash test. Red area shows where the dummy’s head impacted the airbag.

Side Airbag Video

Safety Restraints for Youth

Belt and Seat Restraint Use

T – 8.24

Safest if seated in back center seat Infant seats/rear facing/birth to 20 lbs. Use child seats up to 40 lbs. Use booster seats up to 60 lbs.

Infant Car Bed

Rear Facing Infant Seat

Forward Facing Child Restraints

Booster Seats

Roadway and Vehicle Technology

Roadway Technology

Wide clear shoulders and wide lanes Rumble strips installed at the road

edge

Redesign of median barriers

Occupant Protection Highway Design Features Include

Breakaway sign support posts

Occupant Protection Highway Design Features Include

Roadway Technology

Vinyl Crash drums filled with liquid or sand

New design guard rails with ends angled away from roadway and buried

Roadway Technology

Variable message signs alert drivers to weather

conditions, construction, and traffic problems

Automotive TechnologyNew vehicle technology aids the driver in maintainingbalance control when performing avoidance maneuversand increased protection should a crash occur.

Enhanced control is provided through technologies such

as the following: Anti-Lock Brakes Crumple Zones Traction Control Devices Electronic Stability Program (ESP) Suspension Control Devices Door Latches Tempered Glass

DON’T WRITE THIS SLIDE

Brake Systems

Anti-lock Brake Systems Designed to allow steering and

simultaneous braking without losing vehicle balance.

Shorten stopping distances by not allowing the tire to lock up

ABS VIDEO

Anti-lock Brake Systems Do..Add to your following

distance in bad weather

Practice use of ABSKeep your foot firmly

on the brake

INC

RE

AS

E

Anti-lock Brake Systems• Do Not.. Drive More Aggressively

Pump the Brakes

Steer Too Much Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or

Vibration

Traction Control Systems Basically the

reverse of anti-lock brakes.

Designed to activate brake sensors, which do not allow the wheels to spin.

The device allows acceleration input without loss of vehicle balance.

Crumple Zones Areas of a vehicle that are designed

to deform and crumple in a collision. This absorbs some of the energy

of the impact, preventing it from being transmitted to the occupants.

Crumple Zone Video

Crashes have two separate collisions:

The first is the vehicle collision, and the second is the collision of occupants and unsecured items inside the vehicle.

It is this second collision that often causes injury and death.

Honda Civic Crash

Honda Civic Crash

Honda Civic Crash

Honda Civic Crash

Honda Civic Crash

Honda Civic Crash

Controlling Consequences

Drive off road rather than skid off the road

Hit something soft rather than something hard

Hit something going your way rather than something stationary

Hit stationary objects with a glancing blow

Hit a stationary object rather than an approaching object

Steer to avoid oncoming traffic and head on collision

Class Work

Read page 274 Answer questions #1-3

Read pg. 276-278: On pg. 278 answer questions #1-3

THE END!