Status of Atmospheric Status of Atmospheric
Winds in Relation to Winds in Relation to
InfrasoundInfrasound
Douglas P. DrobDouglas P. DrobSpace Science DivisionSpace Science Division
Naval Research LaboratoryNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375Washington, DC 20375
GOT WINDS?GOT WINDS?
Douglas P. DrobDouglas P. DrobSpace Science DivisionSpace Science Division
Naval Research LaboratoryNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375Washington, DC 20375
G.O.T.S. WIND?G.O.T.S. WIND?
Douglas P. DrobDouglas P. DrobSpace Science DivisionSpace Science Division
Naval Research LaboratoryNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375Washington, DC 20375
Today’s Menu� NOAA NCEP
� GFS
� CONUS RUC
� NOMADS
� NCAR WRF
� ARW
� NMM
� NASA GMAO
� GEOS-5
� MERRA
� NRL SSD
� HWM07/MSISE-00
� G2S-RT/E
Today’s Menu� NOAA NCEP - http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/
� GFS - http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/
� CONUS RUC - http://maps.fsl.noaa.gov/
� NOMADS - http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/
� NCAR - http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/
� WRF – http://www.wrf-model.org/index.php
� ARM - http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/
� NMM - http://www.dtcenter.org/wrf-nmm/users/
� NASA GMAO - http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php
� GEOS-5 - http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/systems/geos5/
� MERRA - http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/merra/intro.php
� NRL SSD - http://www.nrl.navy.mil/spacescience/
� HWM07/MSISE-00 - http://uap-www.nrl.navy.mil/uap/?content=section;code=7643
� G2S-RT/E (In Season)
Global Forecast System (GFS)� Nation’s Operational Workhorse (analysis and forecasts, 6 hours intervals, out
to 16 days)
� This is the only global ‘numerical weather prediction’ model for which all output is free, over the internet (as a result of U.S. law), and as such is the basis for most web based forecast services, AccuWeather, The Weather Channel, the Weather Underground etc.
� Model Specifics
� Horizontal- spectral triangular 254 (T254); gaussian grid of 768X384, 0.5 x 0.5 degree latitude/longitude.
� Vertical 0 – 45 km (0.27 hPa), sigma coordinates, 64 layers with enhanced resolution at bottom and top
� Physics - http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gmb/moorthi/gam.html
� Data available in GRIB/GRIB2 format (high demand/high volume, redundant operational servers, 24/7).
� Now ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prodftp://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/MT.gfs_CY.00
� Historical (see NOMADS)
� High-frequency (every 1h) short-range weather
model forecasts (out to 12+ h) in support of
aviation and other mesoscale weather forecast
users.
� 13 x 13 km and 20 x20 horizontal resolution
numerical forecast model
+analysis/assimilation system to initialize that
model, hybrid-sigma vertical coordinates, 50
native levels up to 100 mb (~15 km).
� 14 3-D Fields[u,v] components of wind
height
pressure
virtual potential temperature
water vapor mixing ratio
vertical velocity
[cloud, rain] water mixing ratios
[ice, snow, graupel] mixing ratio
cloud ice number concentration
turbulence kinetic energy
46 2-D fields
Rapid Update Cycle (RUC)
From - http://ruc.noaa.gov/ruc13_docs/RUC-upgrade.impl-prebrief.4nov08.pdf
http://rucsoundings.noaa.gov/gifs/
The NOAA National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System
(NOMADS) is a Web-services based project providing both real-time and
retrospective format independent access to climate and weather model data.
� See links (RUC2 is WRF NMM)
� For OCONUS operations ask
� Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA)
� -or- Navy Fleet Numerical Meteorology
and Oceanography Center (FNMOC)
for Couple Ocean Atmosphere
Mesoscale Prediction System
(COAMPS).
� Leverage radionuclide transport
modeling efforts.
Weather Research and
Forecasting Model (WRF)
GEOS-5/MERRA� Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5)
� 1/2 x 2/3 degree global model on 72 sigma levels up to 0.01 hPa (~80 km).
� Same data assimilation scheme as GFS + extra data, physics, post validation.
� Focused of data assimilation for climate/geophysical research, not forecasting.
� Documentation - Rienecker et al. (NASA Tech Memo) http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/GEOS5_104606-Vol27.pdfand references therein.
� Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)
� Reprocessing of atmospheric observations from 1979 to present using the GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System; through 2007 to be completed by August, 2009.
� The focus of MERRA is the hydrological cycle.
� For data access - http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MDISC/
From Michele Rienecker (NASA
GSFC)http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Rienecker372.pdf
From http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Rienecker372.pdf
From Steve Pawson (NASA GSFC) http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Pawson375.pdf
From later in presentation (DPD)
GEOS-5 still
better than
climatology
below 65 km on
any given day!
(DPD)
HWM07 (+NRLMSIS-E)The recently upgraded Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07) provides a statistical
representation of the horizontal wind fields of the Earth’s atmosphere from the ground to the exosphere (0 to 500 km).
It is a empirical model (a compact Fortran-90 subroutine) that is function of geographic location, altitude, day of the year, solar local time, and geomagnetic activity.
The model includes representations of the zonal mean circulation, stationary planetary waves, migrating tides, and the seasonal modulation thereof; these are forced harmonic oscillation which to first order dominate the meteorology of the upper atmosphere.
There are 18,840 unknown model parameters that are estimated with a novel sequential estimation process from 60 × 106 available data points from 35 different satellite, rocket, and ground-based instruments spanning a period of over 50 years.
Drob, D. P., et al. (2008), An empirical model of the Earth’s horizontal wind fields: HWM07, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A12304, doi:10.1029/2008JA013668.
HWM07 Observational Database
Average WINDII zonal winds as function of height (black), and corresponding results from HWM93 (red) and HWM07 (blue). The results represent quiet-time (Kp< 3), December solstice (November-February) conditions in the indicated local time and latitude bins. The models were evaluated for the conditions of each observation, then binned and averaged in the same way as thedata. Error bars denote the estimated uncertainty of the mean.
Same as last figure, except for the meridional component.
Ground to Space (G2S)
G2S
