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Drug name: Drug action indication contraindication Side effect Nursing responsibities
Generic Potassium chloride
Brand name: Kalium durule
ClassificationElectrolyte
Dosage2 tabs P.O BID
Provides a direct replacement of potassium in the body.
hypokalemia Renal insufficienc hyperkalemia, Untreated Addison’s
disease, constriction of the
esophagus and or obstructive changes in the alimentary tract
Vomiting Diarrhea nausea stomach pain discomfort or
gas vomiting
Watched out for levels of potassium electrolyte level to prevent hyperkalemia.
Observed 10 rights of giving medication.
Monitored cardiac rhythm carefully during administration.
Took drug after meals or with food. Do not crush or chew tablets, swallow tablets whole.
Do not use salt substitutes. Watched out for possible
severe side effects on the patient.
Drug name Drug action indication contraindication Side effect Nursing responsibities
Generic Name: Ceftriaxone
Brand Name:Pharex
Classification Antibiotics Cephalos-
phorin
Dosage2g IV OD ANST (-)
Bactericidal:Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall membrane which causes cell death.
Intra-abdominal infections caused by E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Known allergy to cephalosphorin or penicillin
headache diarrhea, nausea, Vomiting Abdominal
pain rash
Checked IV site carefully for signs of thrombosis
Cultured infection and arrange for sensitivity test before and during medication if expected response not seen.
The patient may experience these side effects: nausea, vomiting and GI upset
Report pain and discomfort at sites unusual bleeding, rash and itching.
Drug name Drug action indication contraindication Side effect Nursing responsibities
Generic Name: Omeprazole
Brand Name:Omepron
Classification Antisecretor
y agent Proton
pump inhibitor
Dosage40mg IV OD
Gastric acid-pump inhibitor: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; blocks the final step of acid production.
Treatment of heartburn or symptoms of GERD
Contraindicated
with hypersensitivity
to omeprazole or its
components
headache nausea vomiting stomach pain diarrhea
Check and clean IV sites. You may experience these
side effects like dizziness and nausea and vomiting
Report severe headache, worsening of symptoms, fever, chills.
Drug name: Drug action Indication Contraindication Side effect Nursing responsibities
Generic Metronidazole
Brand name: Tamazol
Classification Proton
pump inhibitors
Anti-secretory
Dosage50mg IV TID
Bactericidal: inhibits DNA synthesis in specific anaerobes, causing cell death, antiprotozoal- trichomonacidal, amebicidal: biochemical mechanism of action is not known
Acute intestinal amebiasis
Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to metronidazole
Headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Administer slowly Check and clean IV sites. You may experience these
side effects like nausea and vomiting
Report severe headache, worsening of symptoms, fever, chills.
Provide additional comfort measures to alleviate discomfort from GI effects and headache.
Urine may be a darker color than usual, is expected.
Drug name Drug Action Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing responsibilitiesGeneric Name:Dopamine Hydrochloride
Classification: Sympatho
mimetic Alpha
adrenergic Agonist
Beta1-selective adrenergic Agonist
Dopaminergic drug
Dosage2-5 mcg /min/IV
Drug acts directly and by the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals; dopaminergic receptors mediate dilation of vessels in the renal and splanchnic beds; alpha receptors, which are activated by higher doses of dopamine, mediate vasoconstriction, which can override the vasodilating effects; beta1 receptors mediate a positive inotropic effect on the heart.
hypotension Contraindicatedwith Tachyarrythmiaventricular fibrillation, hypovolemia,
Use cautiously with atherosclerosis,arterial embolism, cold injury, frostbite, diabetic endarteritis, Buerger’s disease(monitor the color and temperature of extremities), pregnancy, lactation.
Tachycardia angina pain, palpitations, hypertension, widened
QRS. Nausea, Vomiting Headache
Monitor blood pressure, pulse, peripheral pulses, and urinary output at intervals prescribed by physician. Precise measurements are essential for accurate titration of dosage.
Report the following indicators promptly to physician for use in decreasing or temporarily suspending dose: Reduced urine flow rate in absence of hypotension; ascending tachycardia; dysrhythmias; disproportionate rise in diastolic pressure(marked decrease in pulse pressure). signs of peripheral ischemia
Monitor therapeutic effectiveness. In addition to improvement in vital signs and urine flow, other indices of adequate dosage and perfusion of vital organs include loss of pallor, increase in to temperature, adequacy of nail bed capillary filling, and reversal of confusion.
Drug name Drug action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing responsibilities
Generic Name:Hyoscine-N-butylbromide
Brand Name:Buscopan
ClassificationAnti- Spasmodic
Relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines and bladder
Various painful condition GI spasm
Patients with Myasthenia gravis, mega colon, Parenteral Untreated narrow-angle glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy w / urinary retention, mechanical stenosis of GIT, tachycardia
Urinary retention
Tachycardia
allergic & skin reactions
Monitored vital signs Reported any severe side
effects may occur. Give drug as prescribed.
Drug Study
Drug name Drug Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic Name:Paracetamol
Brand Name:Aeknil
Classification:Analgesics (non-opiod)Anti-pyretics
Paracetamol produces analgesia by raising the threshold of the pain center of the brain and by obstructing impulses at the pain mediating chemoreceptors. The drug produces antipyresia by an action on the hypothalamus; heat dissipation is increased as a result of vasodilation and increased peripheral blood flow.
reduction of fever
Patient with hypersensitivity to drugs
Anorexia Nausea Vomiting Constipation Hepatic
insufficiency Rash Urticaria
Monitored vital sign especially temperature
Instruct patient to increase fluids intake.
Administer slowly Check and clean IV
sites. You may experience
these side effects like nausea and vomiting
Drug name Drug action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic Name:Clarithromycin
Brand Name:Biaxin
ClassificationMacrolide antibiotic
Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death.
Used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body.
It is also used in combination with other medicines to treat duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori
Patient with hypersensitivity to drugs
Patient with Cholestatic jaundice, history of heart rhythm problem, liver disease, diarrhea, heart disease, myasthenia gravis and kidney disease
Abdominal discomfort,
dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea Anorexia Vomiting Headache, dizziness
Monitored WBC count
Cultured infection and arrange for sensitivity test before and during medication if expected response not seen.
The patient may experience these side effects:nausea, vomiting and GI upset
check with your doctor right away if have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach; skin reactions, pale stools; dark urine; loss of appetite; nausea;or yellow eyes or skin that could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.
Drug name Drug action Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing responsibilities
Generic Name:Paracetamol, Acetaminophen
Brand Name:Biogesic, Panadol, Tylenol
Classification:Non-narcotic analgesicAntipyretic
Decreases fever by a hypothalamic effect leading to sweating and vasodilation
Inhibits pyrogen effect on the hypothalamic-heat-regulating centers
Inhibits CNS prostaglandin synthesis with minimal effects on peripheral prostaglandin synthesis
Does not cause ulceration of the GI tract and causes no anticoagulant action.
Temporary reduction of fever, temporary relief of minor ache and pain caused by common cold
Patient with hypersensitivity to drugs, Renal Insufficiency,Anemia
Minimal GI upset
rash nausea
Monitor vital signs especially temperature
Monitor CBC, liver and renal functions.
Assess for fecal occult blood and nephritis.
Avoid using OTC drugs with Acetaminophen.
Take with food or milk to minimize GI upset.
Report nausea and vomiting, cyanosis, shortness of breath and abdominal pain as these are signs of toxicity.
Nursing Care Plan
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
Subjective:“Wala akong ganang kumain”
Imbalance Nutrition: less than body
After 2 days of nursing intervention the
Independent Obtained nutritional history
include the family, significant others or caregiver in
Patient’s perception of actual intake may differ
After 2 days of nursing intervention the
as verbalized by the patient
Objective:V/STemp: 36oCPR: 64 bpmRR: 29 cpmBP: 100/70mmHg
Loss of appetite
Body weakness
fatigue Serum
potassium of 3.21
requirements related to decrease in potassium level as evidenced by loss of appetite
patient will be able to improve body nutrition as evidenced by:
a. Normal laboratory results in potassium level within the normal range of 3.5-5.1mmol/Lb.
b. Demonstrate behaviors, lifestyle changes to meet the body’s nutritional requirement such as complying to the diet and medications ordered by the physician
c. Lessen of signs and symptoms
assessment Monitored attitudes toward
eating and food
Monitored for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia such as fatigue, weakness and decrease cardiac rate
Evaluated total daily food intake. Obtain diary of calorie intake, patterns and times of eating
Provide companionship during mealtime
Eat foods rich in potassium such as banana, oranges, carrots, fish and etc.
Emphasize importance of well-balanced nutritious intake. Provide information regarding individual nutritional needs and ways to meet these needs within financial constraints
Give adequate rest period to activities.
Many factors determine the type, amount and appropriateness of food consumed
Potassium is an electrolyte that compose of 65-75 % in the muscle and maintains electrical excitability
To reveal possible cause of deficiency and changes that could be made in client’s intake
Attention to social aspects of eating is important in any setting
Help to replenish or normalize the potassium level
To promote wellness to the patient and help her to understand her condition
Prevent fatigue
patient was able to improve body nutrition as evidenced by:
a. Normal laboratory results in potassium level within the normal range of 3.5-5.1 mmol/Lb a s 3 . 2 t o 3 . 7 5
b. Demonstrated behaviors, lifestyle changes to meet the body’s nutritional requirement such as complying to the diet and medications ordered by the physician
c. Lessened of signs and symptoms of hypokalem
of hypokalemia such as fatigue, weakness and etc
Encourage exercise and stress reduction program
Dependent: Administered
electrolytes supplements like Kalium durule as prescribed by doctor.
Collaborative: Review indicated laboratory
data (e.g.,serum sodium, serum potassium level…etc.)
Metabolism and utilization of nutrients are enhanced by activity and promote wellness.
To meet the client’s nutritional needs
To evaluate degree of deficit
ia such as fatigue, weakness by resting.
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
Subjective: “Masakit ang tuhod ko” as verbalized by the patient.
Objective:V/STemp: 36oCPR: 64 bpmRR: 29 cpmBP: 100/70mmHg
Slow movement of extremities
Facial grimace Body weakness Pain scale score
of 7/10
Acute pain related to decreased muscle integrity as evidenced by body weakness
After an hour of nursing intervention, the patient pain will decrease from 7/10 to 5/10.
Independent: Monitored Vital Sign Assessed pain including,
quality, location and characteristics
Observed non- verbal cues or pain behaviors by facial expressions, etc.
Provided calm and comfortable environment.
Encouraged divertional activities like listening to music and watching TV
Encouraged adequate rest period.
Provided comfort measures by touching and advised to changed position frequently.
Moved patient slowly and carefully.
Encouraged patient to ambulate.
Dependent: Administered antibiotic as
prescribed by doctor.
For base line data to note recognition of
changes.
To assess patients condition and feelings.
For comfort of the patient.
To reduce precipitating factors.
To prevent fatigue.
To promote non-pharmacological pain management.
To reduce pain.
For proper blood circulation of extremities.
To prevent infections
After 8 hours nursing intervention, the patient was able to verbalize a decrease of pain form 7/10 to 4/10 in the pain scale.
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
Subjective: “Nanghihina ako” as verbalized by the patient.
Objective:V/ST:36 oCPR: 64 bpmRR: 29 cpmBP: 100/70 mmHg
Body weakness Facial grimace Slow movement
of extremities Fatigue
Powerlessness related to body weakness as evidenced by slow movement of extremities.
At the end of 8 hours of nursing intervention, the patient will maintain the range of motion from slow to moderate.
Independent: Monitored vital sign. Assisted patient to
perform tasks he may be capable of doing.
Give adequate rest period to activities.
Provided deep breathing exercise
Provided comfortable environment.
Encouraged patient to ambulate and exercise if he can
Instructed patient to eat foods high in carbohydrates and protein that give energy and increased fluid intake.
For base line condition.
For patient will have more self-esteem with tasks he may complete
To prevent fatigue.
To promote relaxation
For comfort of the patient.
To promote circulation of blood.
To provide increase energy production.
At the end of 9 hours of nursing intervention, the patient maintained the range of motion from slow to moderate.
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Rationale Evaluation
Subjective:“Naghihina ako” as verbalized by the patient
Objective:V/ST:36 oCPR: 64 bpmRR: 29 cpmBP: 100/70 mmHg
Body weakness Loss of balance Slow movement
of extremities fatigue
Risk for injury related to muscle weakness secondary to decrease of potassium
After 8 hours of nursing intervention the client will able to:
a. Regain normal muscle strength
b. Remain free from injury
Explain need to use caution when ambulating particularly when going to bathroom
Explain purpose of the prescribed potassium and its role in reversing muscle weakness.
Discuss dietary sources of potassium provide a list of potassium rich foods.
Kept side rails up always. Maintained bed in lowest
position with wheels locked.
Advised the patient to have enough rest
Provided information for every procedure that will made.
Encourage the patient to verbalize his/her feelings or any perception of weakness.
To prevent unwanted accidents when deciding to ambulate because the muscle are still weak
Gains knowledge more related to illness
To let patient identify which of the potassium food sources he prefers.
to promote safety To promote safety
Enough rest is needed to conserve energy.
To avoid anxiety.
To be aware and interaction to the patient.
After 8 hours of nursing intervention the client was:
a. Regained moderate muscle strength
b. Remained free from injury