1DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
DRUG USE IN AMERICA
A drug is a chemical other than food that is purposely taken to affect the
body processes.
RSCCD:RSCCD:
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 2
IDEAL VS REALITYWeight Control Drugs
• In the late 60’s fashion models were 8% thinner than the averaged sized woman: today they are 23% thinner
• Today average model is 5’10” and weighs 110-115 vs 5’4” 140-160lbs
• One third of Am. Women wear a size 16 or larger
• “Barbie” would be 5’9” at 36-18-33
3DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
Guidelines When Taking Medications
• Take the prescribed dosage - no more no less
• Follow the directions• Finish the prescription
even after you are feeling better; Women often relapse when they fail to finish pres.
• Ask the pharmacist or physician about directions of you are unsure about using the medication properly
• Seek a second opinion if you are concerned about taking any prescribed drug
4DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
Questions to ask when taking Prescription Medicine
• What is the purpose of this medicine?
• What are the possible side effects of this medicine?
• What foods, beverages, or other medications should be avoided
• When and How do I take the medication
• How long should I take this medication
5DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
LEGAL DRUGS
• CAFFEINE
• NICOTINE
• ALCOHOL
• PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• OTC’S- OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 6
ILLEGAL DRUGS
• Illegal drugs are those that an individual is not authorized to have
• Illegal or Illicit drugs include:
• Marijuana *Cannabis sativa
• Hashish extract of cannabis 2 to 10 times more potent than marijuana
• Cocaine (coke, snow, lady, rock)
• Heroin -narcotics include the opiates
7DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DRUGS
• AMPHETAMINES• ANTI-
DEPRESSANTS: zoloft; prozac;
• SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS -BENZODIAZEPINES;valium; xanax
• HORMONE Therapy: premarin; estraderm
• BARBITUATES• SLEEPING PILLS• PAIN KILLERS• OPIATES/
NARCOTICS• ANTI-ANXIETY• ANABOLIC
STEROIDS
8DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS
• Analgesics
• Antihistamines
• Stimulants
• Laxatives
• Topical Analgesics
• Antacids
• Sleep Aids - Compoz, Nytol, Unisom, Ultra Sleep
• Weight Management Products-phenylpropanolamine; phenylpropanolamine; Dexatrim and AcutrimDexatrim and Acutrim
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 9
STIMULANTS
• CRACK MIXTURE OF BAKING SODA AND COCAINE-smoked in glass water pipe-hyperactivity, paranoia, powerful chemical dependence occurs
• COCAINE Popular recreation drug- brain becomes tolerant which results in the need for more and more- headache, exhaustion, shaking, blurred vision, nausea, impotence, loss of sexual desire
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 10
PSYCHEDELICS AND HALLUCINOGENS
• PEYOTE
• MESCALINE
• LSD LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE “trips” trigger panic, depression, confusion, fear of insanity, distorted thoughts and perceptions
• PCP phencyclidine “angel dust” behaviorally toxic -psychotic attacks temporary insanity
11DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
INHALANTS
• Chemicals that produce vapors with psychoactive effects
• Solvents, aerosols, cleaning fluids, and petroleum products
• Local irritation to nose and upper respiratory tract, nosebleeds, loss of coordination, loss of appetite
• Decreased breathing and HR
12DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
DEPRESSANTS
• RELAX CNS
• SLOW DOWN PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BODY
• FUNCTION TO POINT OF COMA AND EVENTUAL DEATH
• SEDATIVES, HYPNOTICS, ALCOHOL
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 13
DESIGNER DRUGS
• PRODUCED IN CHEMICAL LABS
• SOLD ILLEGALLY
• SYNTHETIC NARCOTICS : Methadone, Dilaudid, Percodan, Darvon,
• DARVON produces euphoric high and KILLS MORE PEOPLE THAN HEROINE
• RISK OF BRAIN DAMAGE
• FATAL OVERDOSE from ingestion
• FEELINGS OF WARMTH AND OPENESS
• MORE POWERFUL THAN THOSE DERIVED FROM NATURAL SUBSTANCES
14DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
ENTRANCE MODALITIES
• ORAL ADMINISTRATION
• INHALATION
• INJECTION
• SUBCUTANEOUSLY
• INTRAMUSCULARLY
• INTRAVENOUSLY
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 15
DRUG USE TERMINOLOGY
• DRUG MISUSE• DRUG ABUSE• HABITUATION• TOLERANCE• TOXICITY• CUMULATIVE• POLYABUSE
• PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
• PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
• CROSS TOLERANCE
• CROSS ADDICTION
16DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
• SYNERGISTIC EFFECT is a dangerous effect of taking 2 drugs in the same general category at the same time.
• Alcohol and tranquilizers taken together, both are depressants, produce an effect that is @4X greater
• Than the total effect of each of the two drugs taken separately
• Thus a much-amplified, perhaps fatal sedation will occur.
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 17
ADDITIVE EFFECT
• When two or more drugs are taken
• The result is merely a combined total effect of each drug
• The result is an additive effect.
• The sum of the effects are not as exaggerated as with the synergistic effect
18DRUG USE CHAPTER 4
POTENTIATED EFFECTS
• One drug intensifies the action of a second drug• An example Quaaludes(barbiturate) and beer, both
depressants • Quaaludes potentiates the inhibition-releasing,
sedative effects of alcohol• This particular combination produces inexpensive
but potentially fatal drunk like euphoria
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 19
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
• A drug’s action in reducing another drug’s effects.
• Knowledge of this principle useful in medical treatment of drug overdoses
• Tranquilizers used to relieve the effects of LSD of other hallucinogenic drugs
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 20
The Effects of Drugs on Mother
• On mother:• Poor Nutrition• HBP• Fast HR• Low Wt. Gain• Low Self-Esteem• Preterm Labor• STD’s• Early Delivery• HIV/AIDS• Depression• Physical Abuse
• On baby:• Premature Birth• Low Birth Weight• Infections• Small Head Size• SIDS• Birth Defects• Stunted Growth• Poor Motor Skills• HIV/AIDS• Learning Disabilities• Neurological Problems
DRUG USE CHAPTER 4 21
VOCABULARY CHAPTER 4 DRUG USE IN AMERICA
• BIOAVAILABILITY• TOLERANCE• PHYSICAL DEPENDANCE• PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEPENDANCE• WITHDRAWL• PRESCRIPTION DRUGS• ANTIDEPRESSANTS• SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS• HRT• AMPHETAMINES
• OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS
• ANTIHISTIMINES• ANALGESICS• STIMULANTS• LAXATIVES• TOPICAL ANALGESICS• ANTACIDS• CONTRAINDICATIONS• ILLICIT DRUGS