Dr.V.S.Krishna Govt. Degree&PG College (A), Visakhapatnam. BOTANY SYLLABUS FOR THE ADMITTED BATCH OF 2014 -15 SEMESTER: I Max. Marks 100 CORE I: DIVERSITY OF MICROBES, ALGAE AND FUNGI (Total Hours of Teaching: 60 @ 4 h / Week) OBJECTIVES: 1. To make the student know the outline of origin and evolution of life. Understand the structure of Bacteria & viruses and plant diseases caused by Bacteria & viruses and their control. 2. To make students learn the general characters and economic importance of Algae & Fungi. 3. To make the students understand the vegetative and reproductive features of different algae and fungi through the study of representative types of various classes. 4. To help the students identify and understand plant diseases caused by fungi and their control measures. 5. To make the students know the formation of lichens and their economic and ecological importance. Module – I: Diversity of Microbes (11h) 1. An outline of origin and evolution of Life. (3h) 2. Viruses: Structure and transmission; Study of symptoms and control methods of the following plant diseases caused by Viruses Tobacco mosaic virus, Bunchy top of banana, Yellow vein clearing of bhendi, Leaf curl of papaya (8h) Module – II: 1. Bacteria: Structure and economic importance. (13h) Study of symptoms and control methods of the following plant diseases of important crop plants caused by bacteria: Citrus canker, Leaf blight of Rice, Angular leaf spot of cotton (8h) 2. Cyanobacteria: General characters and economic importance, Biofertilizers (5h) Module-III: Algae (18 h) 5. Algae: General characters, criteria for primary classification, thallus organization, reproduction, and economic importance. (6 h) 6. Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position of Oedogonium Coleochaete Chara Ectocarpus Polysiphonia (12h)
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Dr.V.S.Krishna Govt. Degree&PG College (A), Visakhapatnam.BOTANY SYLLABUS FOR THE ADMITTED BATCH OF 2014 -15
SEMESTER: I Max. Marks 100CORE I: DIVERSITY OF MICROBES, ALGAE AND FUNGI
(Total Hours of Teaching: 60 @ 4 h / Week)OBJECTIVES:
1. To make the student know the outline of origin and evolution of life. Understand the structure ofBacteria & viruses and plant diseases caused by Bacteria & viruses and their control.
2. To make students learn the general characters and economic importance of Algae & Fungi.3. To make the students understand the vegetative and reproductive features of different algae and
fungi through the study of representative types of various classes.4. To help the students identify and understand plant diseases caused by fungi and their control
measures.
5. To make the students know the formation of lichens and their economic and ecologicalimportance.
Module – I: Diversity of Microbes(11h)1. An outline of origin and evolution of Life.(3h)2. Viruses: Structure and transmission; Study of symptoms and control
methods of the following plant diseases caused by VirusesTobacco mosaic virus, Bunchy top of banana, Yellow veinclearing of bhendi, Leaf curl of papaya(8h)
Module – II: 1. Bacteria: Structure and economic importance. (13h)Study of symptoms and control methods of the following plantdiseases of important crop plants caused by bacteria: Citruscanker, Leaf blight of Rice, Angular leaf spot of cotton(8h)
2. Cyanobacteria: General characters and economic importance,Biofertilizers (5h)
Module-III: Algae(18 h)
5. Algae: General characters, criteria for primary classification, thallusorganization, reproduction, and economic importance.(6 h)
6. Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position ofOedogoniumColeochaeteCharaEctocarpusPolysiphonia
(12h)
Module-IV: Fungi (18h)7. Fungi: General characters, classification and economic importance. (4h)General account of plant diseases caused by Fungi and their control.(12 h)
8. Structure, reproduction and life history ofAlbugo,Saccharomyces,Penicillium,Puccinia,Alternaria.
9. Lichens: Structure and reproduction; ecological and economic importance(2h).
Suggested Readings for I Semester – Core IText Book:
1. B.Sc. First Year Botany, Telugu Academy, Edited by Prof,C.Manoharachary
Reference Books:2. Alexopolous, J. and W. M. Charles. 1988. Introduction to
Mycology. Wiley Eastern,New Delhi.3. Mckane, L. and K. Judy. 1996. Microbiology –Essentials and
Applications. McGraw Hill, NewYork.4. Pandey, B. P. 2001. College Botany, Vol. I: Algae, Fungi, Lichens,
Bacteria, Viruses, Plant Pathology, Industrial Microbiology andBryophyta. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
5. Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity ofMicrobes, Cryptogams, Cell Biology and Genetics. S. Chand &Company Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Sambamurthy, A. V. S. S. 2006. A Textbook of Plant Pathology. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Sambamurthy, A. V. S. S. 2006. A Textbook of Algae. I. K.International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Sharma, O. P. 1992. Textbook of Thallophyta. McGraw HillPublihing Co., New Delhi.
9. Thakur, A. K. and S. K. Bassi. 2008. A Textbook of Botany:Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams. S. Chand & Company Ltd,New Delhi.
10.Vashishta, B. R., A. K. Sinha and V. P. Singh. 2008. Botany forDegree Students: Algae. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
11.Vashishta, B. R. 1990. Botany for Degree Students: Fungi, S. Chand& Company Ltd, New Delhi.
Dr.V.S.Krishna Govt. Degree & PG College (A), VisakhapatnamSEMESTER: I BOTANY Max.Marks: 50DIVERSITY OF MICROBES ALGAE AND FUNGI
CORE I -PRACTICAL – SYLLABUS(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 45 @ 3 h / Week in 15 Sessions)
OBJECTIVES:1. To make the students learn the laboratory techniques of preparation of slides for the
study of algal and fungal forms.2. To help the students identify some important plant diseases caused by virus, bacteria
and Fungi.Suggested Laboratory Exercises:
1. Study of viruses and bacteria using electron micrographs(photographs) and Gram staining of Bacteria(3 h)
2. Study of symptoms of plant diseases caused by viruses and bacteria:Viruses: Tobacco mosoic virus, Bunchy top of banana, Yellow veinclearing of bhendi, Leaf curl of papaya(3 h)
3. Vegetative and reproductive structures of the following taxa:Algae: Oscillatoria, Nostoc,Scytonema, Oedogonium, Coleochaete,Chara,Ectocarpus and Polysiphonia.(9 h)Fungi: Albugo, Saccharomyces Penicillium, Puccinia and Alternaria.Section cutting of diseased material infected by Fungi andidentification of pathogens as per theory syllabus.(12 h)
4. Symptoms of plant diseases caused by Fungi and mycoplasma: Tikkadisease of Ground nut, Late blight of Potato, Ergot of Bajra, Whipsmut of Sugarcane, Wheat rust, Brown spot of Rice, Rice (Paddy)blast, Head smut of Sorghum, Little leaf disease of Brinjal(3 h)
5. Lichens: Different types of thalli and their external morphology (3h)
6. Enumeration and examination of important microbial, fungal andalgal products: Biofertilizers, protein capsules, antibiotics,mushrooms, SCP, Agar-agar etc.(3 h)
7. Field visits to places of algal / microbial / fungal interest (e.g.Mushroom cultivation, water bodies)(6 h)
2. A Text Book of Practical Botany – Vol.I – 2002 – Bendre & Kumar –Rastogi Publications.
3. Practical manual Vol.I – Telugu Academy.
ADD ON COURSE: SELF STUDY PRACTICAL PROJECTSuggested Titles Related to I Semester Syllabus:
1. Cultivation and processing of edible mushrooms.2. Cultivation of Spirulina.3. Production of biofertilizers.4. Cyanobacteria as biofertilizer.5. Plant diseases caused by viruses and their control.6. Plant diseases caused by bacteria and their control.7. Plant diseases caused by fungi and their control.8. Economic importance of algae of a region.9. Macrofungi of a local forest and their importance.10.Collection of lichens and their habitats.
FEATURES OF THE SYLLABUS OPTED UNDER AUTONOMY
1. The present suggested syllabus is basically an improved version of thesyllabus prescribed by University Grants Commission. No majorchanges were made in order to enable the student to appear forpostgraduate entrance examinations of various universities.
2. The syllabus also facilitates the students to pursue for interdisciplinary courses at post graduate level.
3. Rearrangement of units facilitating the student to study all the topics.
Dr.V.S.Krishna Govt. Degree & PG College, (A)Visakhapatnam.BOTANY SYLLABUS FOR THE ADMITTED BATCH OF 2014-17
SEMESTER: IICORE II: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany
(Total Hours of Teaching: 60 @ 4 h / Week)OBJECTIVES:
1. To help the students know the systematic position of the two Cryptogamic groups (Bryophyta &Pteridophyta) and their classification.
2. To make the students understand the life histories of Bryophyta & Pteridophyta through the study ofrepresentative types.
3. To enable the students to assess the phylogenetic aspects of the above two groups.4. To help the students to get an insight into the geological past, extinct plants and their preservation.5. To make the students understand the systematic position of the Spermatophyta group ‘Gymnosperms’
and the life histories of representatives of the group.
Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany
Module I: Bryophyta (18 h)1. Bryophytes: General characters, classification and Evolution of
Sporophyte in Bryophytes. (6 h)2. Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position of
Marchantia, Anthoceros and Polytrichum. (12 h)Module II: Pteridophyta (22 h)
3. Pteridophytes: General characters, classification, Evolution of stele,heterospory and seed habit in Pteridophytes. (8 h)
4. Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position of Rhynia,Lycopodium, Equisetum and Marsilea. (14 h)
Module III:Palaeobotany (08 h)5. Palaeobotany: Types of fossils and their importance; Geological
time scale(brief account only). (4 h)6. Bennettitales: General account (4 h)
Module IV: Gymnosperms (12 h)7. Gymnosperms: General characters and economic importance,
classification (outline only). (4 h)8. Morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts, systemic position,
life history of Pinus and Gnetum (8 h)
Suggested Readings for Semester II: Core IIText Book:1. B.Sc. First Year Botany, Telugu Academy,Edited by Prof,C.ManoharacharyReferences:
Pandey, B. P. 2001. College Botany, Vol. I: Algae, Fungi, Lichens,Bacteria, Viruses, Plant Pathology, Industrial Microbiology andBryophyta. S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi.
Pandey, B. P. 2006. College Botany, Vol. II: Pteridophyta,Gymnosperms and Paleobotany. S. Chand & Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity ofMicrobes, Cryptogams, Cell Biology and Genetics. S. Chand &Company Ltd, New Delhi.
Sporne, K. R. 1965. Morphology of Gymnosperms. Hutchinson Co.,Ltd., London.
Thakur, A. K. and S. K. Bassi. 2008. A Textbook of Botany:Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams. S. Chand & Company Ltd,New Delhi.
Vashishta, P. C., A. K. Sinha and Anil Kumar. 2006. Botany -Pteridophyta (Vascular Cryptogams).S. Chand & Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
Vashishta, B. R., A. K. Sinha and Adarsha Kumar. 2008. Botanyfor Degree Students: Bryophyta.S. Chand & Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
Vashishta, P. C., A. K. Sinha and Anil Kumar. 2006. Botany forDegree Students: Gymnosperms.S. Chand & Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
Watson, E. V. 1974. The structure and life of Bryophytes, B. I.Publications, New Delhi.
Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Palaeobotany and Gymnosperms(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 45 @ 3 h / Week in 15 Sessions)
Max.Marks: 50OBJECTIVES:
1. To make students understand and practice the laboratory techniques used in the study ofBryophyta, Pteridophyta & Gymnosperms.
2. To enable the students to identify the forms of Bryophyta, Pteridophyta & Gymnospermsincluded in the syllabus.
3. To help the students understand the features of external and internal structures andreproduction of these forms.
4. To make the students know the fossil plants by observing the representative formsincluded in the syllabus.
Bryophytes1. Morphology (vegetative and reproductive structures) and anatomy of
the following taxa:a. Marchantiab. Anthocerosc. Polytrichum. (12 h)
Pteridophytes2. Morphology (vegetative and reproductive structures) and anatomy of
the following taxa:a. Lycopodiumb. Equisetumc. Marsilea. (18 h)
Palaeobotany3. Fossil forms using permanent slides / photographs:
a. Rhyniab. Cycadeoidea (3 h)
Gymnosperms4. Morphology (vegetative and reproductive structures) and anatomy of the
following taxa:a. Pinusb. Gnetum. (12 h)
Suggested Readings for II Semester: Core II - Practical
1. Practical Botany – Vol. I & II – H.N.Srivastava – 1991 – PradeepPublications, Jalandhar.
2. A Text Book of Practical Botany – Vol.I – Ashok Bendre & AshokKumar – Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Telugu academy Botany practical manual vol.I
ADD ON COURSE: SELF STUDY PRACTICAL PROJECT
Suggested Titles Related to II Semester Syllabus:
1. Collection of bryophytes of a habitat and their identification.2. Preservation of Pteridophytes of the region through herbarium.3. Economic importance of Gymnosperms
Dr.V.S.Krishna Government Degree & PG College (A) : VisakhapatnamB.Sc DEGREE EXAMINATION -- II SEMESTER- PART II-BOTANY
SEMESTER END EXAMINATION MODEL QUESTION PAPERCORE II- Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Palaeobotany and Gymnosperms.
Time: 3 Hrs Max.: 75 Marks
Section A 06 x 2 = 12 Answer any six questions1. Elaters2. Operculum3. Protocorm4. Apospory5. Pavement tissue6. Manoxylic wood7. Spur shoot of Pinus8. Mesozoic era
Section B (5X3 = 15 M) Answer any five of the following questions.9. Archegoniphore of Marchantia10. Anthoceros capsule11. Lycopodium habit12. Equisetum cone13. Rhynia14. Geological time scale15. Gnetum female cone structure16. Pinus ovuliferous scale
Section C (4 x 12= 48) Answer all questionsDraw diagrams where ever necessary.
17. a .Give an account of evolution of sporophyte in Bryophyta.Or
b.Describe the external and internal morphology of Marchantia thallus.
18. a. Describe the structure of Marsilea sporocarp adding a note on its morphologicalnature.
Orb. Give an account of different types of steles and their evolution in Pteridophyta.
19. a. Write an essay on the general characters of BennettitalesOr
b. What is a fossil? Describe different types of fossils adding a note on theirimportance.
20. a. Write an essay on the male gametophyte of Gnetum.Or
b. Describe the female cone and ovule structure in Pinus.
Dr.V.S.Krishna Government Degree & PG College (A),VisakhapatnamB.Sc DEGREE EXAMINATION -- II SEMESTER- PART II-BOTANY
INTERNAL MODEL QUESTION PAPERCore II - Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Palaeobotany and Gymnosperms
Time: 1H. Max.: 20 MarksSection A (1 x 10 = 10)Answer any ONE questions
1. Describe the structure of Marchantia thallus and capsule.
2. Write short notes on
a. Steles in Lycopodium
b. The structure of female cones of Pinus
Section B (10x1 = 10 M)Answer all questions.
3. Gemma cup4. Alternation of generations5. Elaters6. Spur shoot in Pinus7. Prothallus8. Apospory9. Transfusion tissue10. Mesozoic era11. Protocorm12. Compressions
SEMESTER II – BLUE PRINTCore II - Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Palaeobotany and Gymnosperms
Weightage to form of question- Semester end Question Paper
Module name Very shortanswers
Shortanswers
EssaysTotal Marks allotted to
the module
Bryophyta 2 202
(one fromgeneral topics)
2x2=42x3=62x12=24. 34
Pteridophyta2 3
02(one from
general topics)
2x2=43x3=92x12=24
37
Palaeobotany 1 102
general topics1x2=21x3=32x12=24 29
Gymnosperms3 2
023x2=62x3=6
2x12=2436
Choice Any 6 out of 8 Any 5 outof 8
Internal 136
No of questions 08 08 08 24
Marks allotted 6x2=12 5x3=15 4x12=48 75
Estimated time 20 m 40 m 120 m 180 m
Scheme of sections: Three – Section A(Very Short Q), B (Short Q) and C (Essays)Difficulty level:
Easy 35% - Memory and understanding Average 45% - Memory and understanding Difficult 20% - Creativity,application & skilled based
Note: The question paper setters need to adhere to the blue print of the questionpaper strictly
Internal Assessment = 2520 M Mid semester (average of two mids each with 20M)05 M for assignments or viva
Internal Question Paper
Forms ofquestions
No ofquestions
Choice Marksallotted
Estimated timeTotal marksallotted withchoice
Essays 2 Any 1 out of 2 1X10=10 30 m 2x10=20
Very shortquestions 10 Nil 10X01=10 30 m 10x1=10
Total 12 -- 20 60 m 30 marks
FEATURES OF THE SYLLABUS OPTED UNDER AUTONOMY4. The present suggested syllabus is basically an improved version of the
syllabus prescribed by University Grants Commission. No majorchanges were made in order to enable the student to appear forpostgraduate entrance examinations of various universities.
5. The syllabus also facilitates the students to pursue for interdisciplinary courses at post graduate level.
6. Rearrangement of units facilitating the student to study all the topics. Keeping Palaeobotany and Gymnosperms in separate units.
DR. V.S.KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE&PG COLLEGEBOTANY CORE-3 SYLLABUS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR -2015-16
Semester III, Plant Development, Reproduction &Tissue culture(Total Hours of Teaching: 60 @ 4 h / Week, Credits-3) Max. Marks: 100
OBJECTIVES: To introduce the concept of anomalous primary & secondary structures in plant anatomy. To make the students aware of the Timber Yielding Plants of Andhra Pradesh. To enable the students to learn the various aspects of Embryology including palynology
and its applications. To teach the students how to identify the anomalous characteristics in selected stems and
roots both regarding primary and secondary organization and to draw diagrams. To show the stages of Pollen development, embryo development through permanent
slides and make the students record them. To introduce the concept of micro-propagation, procedure and equipment used
Module - I: (15h)1. Meristems: Types, histological organisation of shoot and root apices and theories. (4 h)2. Tissues: Simple, Complex and Special tissues. (4 h)3. Tissue Systems: Epidermal tissue systems, Ground tissue systems and Vascular tissue
systems. (3h)4. Leaf: Ontogeny, diversity of internal structure. (4 h)
Module – II: (15 h)5. Stem and root: Vascular cambium - Formation and functions. Anomalous secondary
6. Wood structure: General study of local timbers – Teak (Tectona grandis), Rosewood,(Dalbergia latifolia), Red sanders, (Pterocarpus santalinus) Nallamaddi (Terminaliatomentosa (T. alata), Yegisa (Pterocarpus marsupiun) and Neem (Azadirachta indica)(6 h)
Module- III: (20 h)7. Introduction: History and importance of Embryology. Anther structure,
Microsporogenesis and development of male gametophyte (5 h)8. Ovule structure and types; Megasporogenesis; types and development of female
gametophyte. (5 h)9. Pollination - Types; Pollen - pistil interaction. Fertilization. (3 h)10. Endosperm - Development and typesof Embryos; Polyembryony and Apomixis -
an outline. (5 h)11. Palynology: Principles and applications. (2 h)
Module - IV: (10 h)12. : Introduction, sterilization procedures, culture media - composition and preparation of
explant. (2h)13. Callus culture;Single cell and protoplast culture,Scope and application. (2h)14. Organ culture,Root culture,Leaf Culture,Shoot culture ,ovary,ovule embryo culture (2h).15. Somatic hybrids and cybrids. (2h)16. Applications of tissue culture.(2h)
Suggested Project Titles Related to Semester III Botany Core-3 Syllabus:
1. Identification of C4 and C3 plants of a region.
2. Collection and preservation of local timbers with diagnostic features and names.
3. Morphological study or preparation of pollen of the region.
4. Collection and documentation of fiber and dye-yielding plants of the region.
5. Collection and documentation of resin and gum-yielding plants of the region.
Dr. V. S. KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE& PG COLLEGE(A)SEMESTER III, BOTANY CORE- 3 EXAMINATION
o Anomalous secondary structure: Examples as given in theory syllabus. (6 h)
4. Stomatal types using epidermal peels.
5. Microscopic study of wood in T.S., T.L.S. and R.L.S. (3 h)
6. Structure of anther and microsporogenesis using permanent slides. (3 h)
7. Structure of pollen grains using whole mounts (Catharanthus, Hibiscus, Acasia, Grass).
(3h)
8. Pollen viability test using in- vitro germination (Catharanthus). (3 h)
9. Study of ovule types and developmental stages of embryo sac. (3 h)
10. Structure of endosperm (nuclear and cellular); Developmental stages of dicot and
monocot Embryos using permanent slides. (3 h)
11. Isolation and mounting of embryo (using Symopsis / Crotalaria). (3 h)
12. Knowledge of instruments and facilities used in plant tissue culture Using equipment /
photographs) (3 h)
13. Preparation of media for tissue culture.
14. Demonstration of micropropagation using explants like axilary buds and shoot meristems
in potato tubers (3h)
SUGGESTED READING FOR SEMESTER III – BOTANY CORE - 3
Bhojwani, S. S. and S. P. Bhatnagar. 2000. The Embryology of Angiosperms (4th Ed.).
Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.
Dubey, R.C., 2001. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S.Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
Eames A.J., MacDaniels LH, An Introduction to Plant Anatomy. Mc-Graw Hill book
company, New York. 1953- 427.
Esau, K. 1971. Anatomy of Seed Plants. John Wiley and Son, USA.
Fahn A., Plant Anatomy Fourth Edition, New Delhi.
Johri, B. M. 1984. Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verleg, Berlin.
Maheshwari, P., 1950. An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. McGraw
Hill, New York.
Metcalfe C.R., Chalk L, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, (Vol. 1) Claredon oress, Oxford,
U.K. 1950
Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity of Seed Plants and their
Systematics, Structure, Development and Reproduction in Flowering Plants. S.Chand &
Company Ltd, New Delhi.
Textbooks of Telugu Akademi II B.Sc.
Vashishta, B. R. 1990. Botany for Degree Students: Plant Anatomy, S. Chand &
Company Ltd, New Delhi.
Suggested Reading for Semester 3
DR. V.S.KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE&PG COLLEGE(A)BOTANY CORE – 4, SYLLABUS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR -2015-16
Semester- IVPlant Taxonomy and Medicinal Botany
(Total Hours of Teaching: 60 @ 4 hr/Week , Credits-3 ) Max. Marks 100
Objectives:1. To enable the students to learn the basic aspects of Taxonomy viz., Identification,
Nomenclature and Classification.2. To familiarize them with the vegetative and floral characteristics of plants belonging to
various families.3. To enable the students to learn the basic aspects of Traditional medicinal systems in India.4. To enable the students to learn the basic aspects of Ethnobotanical plants of a local tribes.5. To familiarize them with the medicinal importance and active principles of plants belonging
to various families.
Module - I: (17 h)1. Introduction: Principles of plant systematics, Systematics vs Taxonomy, Types of
classification: Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic. (4 h)2. Systems of classification: Salient features and comparative account of Bentham &
Hooker and Engler & Prantl. (5 h)Current concepts in Angiosperm Taxonomy: Embryology in relation to
taxonomy,anatomy and. Cytotaxonomy. (2 h)3. Numerical Taxonomy (2 h) An introduction to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) (2 h).4. Nomenclature and Taxonomic resources: An introduction to ICBN . (2 h)
Module– I1: (15 h)5. Systematic study and economic importance of plants belong to the following families:
nature, distinction of Ethnomedicine from Folklore medicine. Outlines of Ayurveda, Sidda,Unani and Homeopathic systems of traditional medicine. Role of AYUSH, NMPB, CIMAPand CDRI. (8h)
7. Pharmacognosy: Introduction and scope. Chemotaxonomy.. (2h) Adulteration of plant crudedrugs and methods of identification - some examples. Indian Pharmacopiea. Evaluation ofcrude drugs. (4 h)
Module – IV: (14h)
8. Plants in primary health care: Common medicinal plants – Tippateega (Tinosporacordifolia),tulasi (Ocimum sanctum ), pippallu (Piper longum), Karaka (Terminalia chebula), Kalabanda(Aloe vera), Turmeric (Curcuma longa)Neem (Azadirachta indica). Garlic(Alliumsativum).(8h)
9. Traditional medicine vs Modern medicine: Study of select plant examples used in traditionalmedicine as resource (active principles, structure, usage and pharmacological action) ofmodern medicine: Aswagandha (Withania somnifera), Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina),Nela usiri (Phyllanthus amarus), Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) and Brahmi (Bacopamonnieri).(6h)
Suggested projects Related to IV Semester Second Year BOTANY-CORE-4
Syllabus:
1.Survey of economic plants of a particular region.
2.Folklore medicinal plants of the region.
3.Ethnomedicinal plants of the region.
4.Ethnobotanical plants of a local tribe.
5.Common medicinal plants of a locality and their uses.
6.Floristic study of a local area.
7.Plant based tribal medicines.
8.Propagation of medicinally important plants of a locality.
9.Traditional usage of plants in primary health care practices.
10. Taxonomic validation of locally used plant drugs in traditional medicine.
BLUE PRINT OF IV SEMESTER BOTANY CORE-11 QUESTION PAPER
Question typeModule
I17Hours
ModuleII15Hours
ModuleIII
14Hours
ModuleIV14Hours
Max. Marks -75
Very Short Answer( 6 out of 8 to be
answered
1 2 2 2 6Q X 2 = 12
Short Answer( 3 out of 8 to be
answered)2 2 2 2 3Q X 5= 15
Essay Questions(Internal Choice 4 to
be answered)2 2 2 2 4Q X 12= 48
Dr. V. S. KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE & PG COLLEGE(A)SEMESTER IV, BOTANY CORE - 4 EXAMINATION
PLANT TAXONOMY AND MEDICINAL BOTANYTIME: 3H MAX. MARKS:
SECTION – A (5X 2 = 10MARKS) ANSWER ALL QUESTION1. Species2. Linnaeus3. Head inflorescence4. Gynostegium5. PharmacopieaSECTION – B (5X 5=25MARKS) ANSWER ANY FIVE FROM THE FOLLOWING6. Cytotaxonomy7. Pollination in Fabaceae8. Biosystematics9. Economic importance of Euphorbiaceae10. CIMAP11. AYUSH.12. RAUWOLFIAMEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE13. Ethnobotany
SECTION – C (4 X 10 = 40MARKS) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS17. Compare critically Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification with that of Engler and
Prantl.(OR)
Write an essay on plant Nomenclature.
18. Describe the vegetative and floral characters of Orchidaceae. Add a note on advance featuresof family.
(OR)Describe the vegetative and floral characters of Cucurbitaceae. Add a note on the economicimportance of the family.
19. Write an essay on principles of Homeopathy(OR)
Write an essay on basic concepts of Ayurveda treatment of medicine.
20. Give an account of biological source, chemical constituents and medicinal value ofOcimum and Piper longum. (OR)Write an essay on branches of pharmacognosy.
BLUE PRINT OF III SEMESTER BOTANY CORE-11 QUESTION PAPER
Question typeModule
I15Hours
ModuleII
15Hours
ModuleIII
20Hours
ModuleIV
10HoursMax. Marks
Very Short Answer(Answer any six outof eight questions)
2 2 2 2 6Q X 2 = 12
Short Answer( 3 out of 6 to be
answered)2 2 3 1 3Q X 5= 15
Essay Questions(Internal Choice 4 to
be answered)2 2 2 2 4Q X 12= 48
Dr. V. S. KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE & PG COLLEGE(A)SEMESTER IV, BOTANY CORE - 4 EXAMINATION
PLANT DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTION&TISSUE CULTURE
INTERNAL MODEL QUESTION PAPER
Time: 1Hr. Max.: 20Marks
Draw diagrams where ever necessary.
SECTION A (1 X 10 = 10): ANSWER ANY ONE ESSAY QUESTION
1. Describe the salient features of Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification.
OR
2. Give an account on AYURVEDA system of medicine.
SECTION B (5X2= I0M) ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS
3. Salient features ot ASTERACEAE family
4 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG)
5. TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA
6 AYUSH
TOPICS INCLUDED IN THE REVISED SYLLABUS1. Sapotaceae, family in Taxonomy(2h)
2. Tissue culture: Introduction, sterilization procedures, culture media - composition and
preparation; explants. (3h)
3. Callus culture; cell ,organ and protoplast culture, Somatic hybrids and cybrids. (6h)
4. Applications of tissue culture: Production of pathogen free plants and somaclonal variants,
production of stress resistance plants, secondary metabolites and synthetic seeds. (4h)
SYLLABUS JUSTIFICATION
The revised syllabus (15% increases) provides an in-depth analysis of the subject. Tissue culture
is advanced; skill oriented which increases the self employment prospects of the student.
PRACTICAL BOTANY CORE - 3 Semester- IV
Taxonomy and Medicinal Botany
(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 45 @ 3 h / Week in 15 Sessions)Suggested Laboratory Exercises:
1. Systematic study of locally available plants belonging to the families prescribed intheory syllabus (Minimum of one plant representative for each family) (30h)
Annonaceae, Capparidaceae, Rutaceae,
Fabaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae,
Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae,
Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae
2. Demonstration of herbarium techniques. (2h)
3. Detailed morphological and anatomical study of medicinally important part of locallyavailable plants (a minimum 10 plants) used in traditional medicine. (10 h)
4. Field visits to identify and collect ethno medicinal plants used by localtribes/folklore.(3h)
5. Preparation and submission of 25 herbarium specimens for evaluation during thepractical examination.
6. Local field visits to study the vegetation and flora.
Suggested Reading for Semester IV BOTANY CORE - 4 PRACTICALS
Gamble J.S. and C.E., C.Fischer 1915-1936. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Vol. I,
II and III. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah.
Kocchar, S.L. 1998. Economic Botany of the Tropics, 2nd Edition. Mac Millian India
Ltd., Delhi.
Lawrence, G.H.M., 1951. Taxanomy of vascular plants. Mac Millian Company, New
York.
Jain, S. K. and V. Mudgal. 1999. A Handbook of Ethnobotany. Bishen Singh Mahendra
Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Sivarajan, V. V. and I. Balasubramaniyan, 1994. Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant
Sources. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
Rastogi, R. R. and B. N. Mehrotra, 1993. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants.
Vol. I & Vol. II. CSIR, Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi.
Jeffrey, C. 1982. An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, London.
Textbooks of Telugu Akademi II B.Sc.
DR.V.S.KRISHNA GOVT. DEGREE & PG COLLEGE(A)MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR PRACTICALS
BOTANY PRACTICAL –IIAT THE END OF II YEAR
Plant Development and Reproduction, Taxonomy and Medicinal Botany
Time - 3 Hrs Max.Marks – 50
I. Describe the given specimen “A” in technical terms 10
Draw the diagrams of Twig. L.S.of flower. T.S. of ovary Floral Diagram and Floral formulaTechnical description (5), Twig (1), L.S. of Flower (1)T.S. of ovary-1,Floral Diagram (1), floral formula (1)
II. Derive the given specimen “B” up to family level with reasons. 5
III. Take the section of given material “C” stain and mount. Leave the preparation for valuation.Identify giving reasons. Draw neat labeled diagram.B-Anomalous secondary growth from stem 10Slide preparation (4), Reasons (3)Identification (1), Diagram (2)
IV. Write the inoculation process of explant “D” in micropropagation. 5
V. Identify and writes notes on “E” & “F” 2 x 2½ = 5(Identification + Diagram + Embryology Notes)
V1. Write the Botanical name, Family and Medicinal important of “G”& “H” 2 X 2½ =5
VII. Submission +Identify the herbarium sheets “I” & “J” 2 + 1½ X 2 = 5
