Date post: | 20-Aug-2015 |
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Health & Medicine |
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Work Station Ergonomics
Who am I ?
The UK’s Health & Safety Laboratory
•supports HSE
•enable business success
•saves and improves the lives of workers
Work Station Ergonomics
Evaluation of the Success in Britain of the Directive on Minimum Safety and Health Requirements for Work with DSE (90/270/EEC) Gervais, R.
Why DSE is a big deal? - financial
To what extent have benefits been observed as a direct result of implementing DSE improvements in the workplace?
Work Station Ergonomics
Why DSE is a big deal? - financial
Total number of cases (prevalence) and new cases (incidence) of work-related MSD 2001- 2014
Work Station Ergonomics
Lack of breaks – how much should we take?
short frequent breaks are more satisfactory than occasional longer breaks: for example a 5-10 minute break after 50-60 minutes continuous screen and/or keyboard work is likely to be better than a 15-20 minute break every 2 hours.”
Work Station Ergonomics
Key messages so far
• Managing DSE is good for business
• Think holistic (not just DSE assessments)
• Management is well established (and relatively easy)
• Never take a break from taking breaks
Work Station Ergonomics
Exposure to mobile DSE
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/statistics/stats14/
Work Station Ergonomics
(Originally Forrester Research) www.adweek.com Published:11.05.12 Sourced:29.10.13
88%In the living
room
24%At work
79%In the bedroom
Exposure to tablets – where?
Work Station Ergonomics
Increased MSD with mobile phones use
(Hänninen et al. 2006; Storr, et al. 2007)
Increased hours of hand-held mobile device increased
neck, shoulder and thumb pain
(Berolo et al. 2001)
Increased head and neck, flexion
compared to desktop(Heasman et al. 2000; Young
et al. 2012)
Non dominant hand increased shoulder
flex, load, sustained pinch grip and EMG activity (Lozano 2011;
Young et al. 2012)
Increased deviation from neutral and sustained muscle
activity in non dominant hand (Werner et al. 2005;
Fischer 2009)
Tablets led to more neck and trunk
flexion and elevated shoulders
(Straker et al. 2008)
Exposure to mobile DSE - effects
Work Station Ergonomics
• Lap-Hand, • Lap-Case, • Table-Case,• Table-Movie.
Tablet 1 vs Tablet 2Fixed
Exposure to mobile DSE - risks
Fixed
Non-neutral
Work Station Ergonomics
• Reduced neck flexion
• Reduced gaze angles
• Perpendicular viewing angles
• Increased neck flexion
• Increased gaze angles
• Oblique viewing angles
Fixed
Exposure to mobile DSE - risks
Fixed
Non-neutral
Tablet 1 vs Tablet 2
Work Station ErgonomicsYoung et al. (2012)
36° 45°
Albin and McLoon (2007)
Fixed
Exposure to mobile DSE - risks
Fixed
Non-neutral
Work Station Ergonomics
Prolonged
High forcesForce
Average force exerted on a touch
screen was more than six times that
required (Irwin and Sesto 2012)
Non dominant hand increased sustained pinch grip and EMG activity (Lozano 2011;
Young et al. 2012)
Tapping against a touch screen of a
tablet PC may cause MSD problems in the
fingers (Korkki 2011).
Exposure to mobile DSE - risks
Work Station Ergonomics
3.36kg 0.56kg
12cm2cm
weightBS EN 894-3, Silverstein 1986
• One hand pinching a 1 kg object • One hand gripping a 4 kg object
… or applying an equivalent amount of gripping force
Prolonged
High forcesForce
Exposure to mobile DSE - risks
Work Station Ergonomics
Risk Control – a healthy workforce
• Mobile DSE is …… mobile.• Can’t rely on monitoring or office based
solutions.
• Must build positive safety culture; • Increase personal transferable
understanding; and • Aim for positive behaviours.
Work Station Ergonomics
Knowledge
Behavioural Change
Skill
Support
Planning
Personal Susceptibility
Knowledge
Skill
Support
Planning
Sustaining awareness
Lunt, Bennett & Hopkinson HSE RR660
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
Work Station Ergonomics
Knowledge
Behavioural Change
Knowledge
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
• Basic anatomy• Injuries and causes• Posture effects• Risks• Company policy
Work Station Ergonomics
Behavioural Change
Personal Susceptibility
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
• Injury statistics
• Internal case studies
• Symptom awareness
• Personal tracking
• Self assessment
Work Station Ergonomics
Blackberry Shortcuts:Move to top of a message list TMove to bottom of a message list BMove to next unopened item UMove to next date NMove to previous date PReply to a message RReply to all L
SkillSkill
Behavioural Change
• Workstation setup• Self assessment
• Fingers and thumbs• Approach to training (including play)
• Shortcuts
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
Work Station Ergonomics
Behavioural Change
SupportSupport
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
• Psychosocial factors• Reporting systems• Exposure control• Management commitment• Policies e.g. once a day
emails when out
Work Station Ergonomics
Behavioural Change
PlanningPlanning
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
• Risk reduction strategies• Sensible solutions / worker
engagement• Acknowledge good
practice• Work allocation• Appraisals• Turn it off !
Work Station Ergonomics
Behavioural Change
Sustaining awareness
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
• Leadership • Toolbox talks• Awareness media• Posters and notices
• e.g. BT “adjust and relax”• vodacom youtube videos
• Nudges • Communication / feedback
Work Station Ergonomics
Knowledge
Behavioural Change
Skill
Support
Planning
Personal Susceptibility
Knowledge
Skill
Support
Planning
Sustaining awareness
Risk Control – focus on behaviour
Work Station Ergonomics
Risk Control – training
Behaviour Change: Improving Health and Safety Performance
DSE Ergonomics