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Presentation

by

Ankita Sinha

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1. What is BCI?

2. BCI Disciplines3. Why BCI?

4. BCI paradigms

5. Applications of BCI

6. Current trends and Future directions7. References

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` BCIs read electrical signals or other

manifestations of brain activity and translate

them into a digital form that computers can

understand, process, and convert into actions ofsome kind, such as moving a cursor or turning

on a TV.

` BCI can help people with inabilities to control

computers, wheelchairs, televisions, or otherdevices with brain activity.

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1. Ways of measuring neural signals from the

human brain

2. Methods and algorithms for decoding brainstates/intentions from these signals

3. Methodology and algorithms for mapping

the decoded brain activity to intended

behavior or action.

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` Invasive techniques, which implant

electrodes directly onto a patients brain;

` Noninvasive techniques, in which medical

scanning devices or sensors mounted on

caps or headbands read brain signals.

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` BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm thatmight help us better understand how the

human brain works in terms of

reorganization, learning, memory, attention,

thinking, social interaction, motivation,interconnectivity, and much more.

` BCI research allows us to develop a new

class of bioengineering control devices and

robots to provide daily life assistance to

handicapped and elderly people.

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`Several potential applications ofBCI hold

promise for rehabilitation and improvingperformance, such as treating emotional

disorders (for example, depression or

anxiety), easing chronic pain, and

overcoming movement disabilities due tostroke.

`BCI can expand possibilities for

advanced human computer interfaces

(HCIs), making them more natural,flexible, efficient, secure, and user-

friendly by enhancing the interaction

between the brain, the eyes, the body,

and a robot or a computer.

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` Passive endogenous: specific mentalimagination activity for example, motorimagery or mental arithmetic

` active endogenous: active neurofeedback andunrestricted mental imagination using the

operant-conditioning principlea no specificscognitive, just do it principle

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`passive exogenous: responses to externallydriven stimuli to evoke specific brainresponses called event-related potentials(ERPs)

` active exogenous: consciously modifiedresponses to external stimuli, often combinedwith neurofeedback.

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Subjects use specific thoughts as passwords (called pass-thoughts).When someone

tries to access a protected computer system or building, they think of their pass-thought.A headpiece with electrodes records the brain signals.The systemextracts the signals features for computer processing,which includesidentification of the feature subset that best and most consistently represents thepass-thought.The biometric system then compares the subset to those recordedfor authorized users.

Carleton Universitys proposed BCI-based biometric system

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` Unimodal to multimodal - that is, simultaneousmonitoring of brain activity using several devices andcombining BCI with multimodal HCIs;

` Simple signal-processing tools to more advanced

machine learning and multidimensional data mining;` Synchronous binary decision to multidegree control and

asynchronous self-paced control;

` Open-loop to closed-loop control - neurofeedbackcombined with multimodal HCI; and

` Laboratory tests to practical trials in the noisy real worldenvironment.

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1. Sixto Ortiz Jr., "Brain-ComputerInterfaces: Where Human andMachine Meet," Computer, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 17-21, Jan., 2007

2. Andrzej Cichocki, Yoshikazu Washizawa, Tomasz Rutkowski,Hovagim Bakardjian, Anh-Huy Phan, Seungjin Choi, HyekyoungLee, Qibin Zhao, Liqing Zhang, Yuanqing Li, "Noninvasive BCIs:Multiway Signal-Processing Array Decompositions," Computer, vol.41, no. 10, pp. 34-42, Oct., 2008

3. Anton Nijholt, Desney Tan, Gert Pfurtscheller, Clemens Brunner, Josdel R. Mill, Brendan Allison, Bernhard Graimann, Florin Popescu,Benjamin Blankertz, Klaus-R. M?, "Brain-ComputerInterfacing forIntelligent Systems," IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 72-79, May/Jun, 2008

4. 1. F. Babiloni, A. Cichocki, and S. Gao, eds., special issue, Brain-ComputerInterfaces: Towards Practical Implementations andPotential Applications,ComputationalIntelligence andNeuroscience, 2007;

5. P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue, BrainComputerInterfaces, IEEE SignalProcessingMagazine,Jan. 2008.

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THANK YOU