Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, Lauren Donnelly, Policy Perspectives

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57dullEs corridor mEtrorail ProEct

Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project

A Cost-Beneft Analysis

Lauren Donnelly

Tis cost-beneft analysis studies several signifcant costs and benefts o the Dull-

es Corridor Metrorail Project. Te two major costs o construction and operating

expenses and the two major benefts o passenger benefts and car miles saved

have been used to analyze the project over a 30-year period starting in 2009,

to include our years o construction ollowed by 26 years o Metro operation.

Te project was determined to have a net cost o $1.78 billion. With the excep-tion o the frst our years, in which construction costs would be incurred but

the other three costs and benefts would not yet be realized, the project creates

annual benefts o $32 million or greater. Additionally, a break-even analysis

was perormed within the sensitivity analysis to determine the year in which net

benefts would begin accruing on the project. Tis year was ound to be 2063,

or 54 years into the project (including our years o construction and 50 years o

service). Any ollowing years in which the Metrorail was still operating wouldcreate increasing net benefts.

Introduction

Te Whngn, D.C. epn e h he h ngee

hghwy newk n he Une Se (NVA). xng e n-

en he en ve n he e, n ep -eve ngen wh -be enhneen e n engh

keep p wh he neng ve. ngen epey b n



PolicyPersPectives • sPring2009,volume1658

Nhen Vgn, py evepng bb he nn’ p. Te

vege e n Nhen Vgn pen nne wkng y pe ye

k n . Mh he ngen n he De C, n

e h ehe ng Re 26 beween Ln n Fx ne

(FA 2006). Fve egh j C wy e expee be n

gk by 200. pyen n he C w nee by 6 peen;

ppn w nee by peen; n ve en w nee

by peen n he nex 20 ye (DCM). Bee ngen

ny pee wen he e nne evep, n expnn

he pb npn ye wey eee neey. p

eve ngen by expnng pb npn ye,

hweve, hve been he p ee e gge peng e

n egn nee we nng qen.

N pb p n pn eny ex he hevy ppe

e ng he De C. Sh e ne yn Cne, j

hppng ene n he nn’ 2h ge bne ; he wn

Ren, Vgn; De Ap; n een Ln Cny, Vgn.

b b e ppeen he hee exng Me ne h n e pn Nhen Vgn, b be e epbe

fw n ngen j ke he vehe n he .

Te Whngn Mepn Ae n Ahy (WMAA)

pee he en ge ye n he ny n he h ge

b ye.2 Ceny, vege weeky ehp ney .2 n p-

enge p beween Me (he pn Me whh e he

ye) n Meb (he pn Me whh pve np-n v b). Me h ve ,00 , whh pve ve 200 -

n p nny. Te Me ye h bgh en evepen

e n p we. WMAA h Me h gene-

e ve $2 bn en evepen jen Me

ppey e ee veen, eby, n nvenene

e (WMAA). Me eny h ve ne h n hgh

Whngn, D.C. n n Myn n Vgn, wh ney 0 p,ny whh eve eve ne (ee Fge ). Te Me pve

h eve pe week, wh Meb wng ppxey he




e hee. Dng h h, Me eve eqen wh n

ng en evey ne w ne. Dng nn-h h e,

eve neby e eqen, wh 20 ne beween n.

ppeen he eve, WMAA pee be h ny

n e whee wk he e. Ly, WMAA h

MeAe, pn eve pepe wh hve be h pe-

ven he ng pb npn.

Fge :

Current Metrorail System Map

Se: WMAA 2009






bng pb npn ye eqe bn n

nveen nn n e .

Te j ngen n p e gwh n Nhen V-

gn hve e neng pp n expnn he Me. A-

hgh pb npn ye en -bene nye e

hgh nn n peng expene n e qnbe bene,

ny gp ee h he hgh Me expnn je

ee nn by n ngen ee e gwh.

T e w exne he pjee n bene he I he

De C Me je. Ahgh npn pje e

geney g ne -bene ny e he ge

n he n pepe ee, he be knwege he h, n

pby eee CBA h been pee n he De C Me-

je. Whe CBA n be pe bee he -

pexy n qnyng ny bene n , e evn

ebh ee eby he pje. Se , epey

bene, e qny, n e wey epbe nepe-

n. Tee w be e he n he “Ohe Cnen” en h ppe.

Background

Tee weh nn vbe n he nene b he De

Me xpnn pje e hgh vby n eevny. L

newppe h he Washington Post n he Washingtonian hve pb-he ny e n e ee he pje. Tee webe

ee ey he pje, whh nn ge e he n-

n e n h CBA.

In “R n: Te pepe’ he,” Fe n Sheeye (99)ge

h pb nveen n npn ye eve ey by ne-

ng npn py n pvng qy n ey. Hweve,

ebe ex n whehe pb np h be pby ne. “YRe, I’ y,” 992 e he Brookings Review, e he -

gen gn bzng np ye n pe he he




pn ng wn he npn ye, whh w n-

e nee , wene ngen, eee qy, n

n -ee ne. Whe he p pb nng

pe ebe, h e w ne n whehe he n

bene he e n ny jy he ve.

A evew he yn nne ngneeng n nvnen S-

e h w pee n 200 nee he eby bng ge

nne hgh yn Cne, nng ehn eby, k ,

n whehe he nne w ee he Fee n Ann’

(FA) C-evene e. Te FA e hee e e

pje New S pg. Te evew ne h hee

gnn k h w n ee he -eevene e,

heeby png ee nng he pje (Ce & Bge,

In. 200). Ahgh ne pn he pje e he New S e

n ee nng w nee n e, h h ne been eve.

Methodology

Ex ante perspective

T CBA ke n ex ne, w-kng, pepeve he pje

bee, whe peny engneeng h been pee n n-

n h begn, eve h n ene. A enne pevy, n

gh nn n pen expene ve evene ny,

bng he Me exenn w n ee be whwhe. Hw-eve, h ppe w expn, hee e eve bene n h e

n ey even n qne. Ung en pn, e

hee n bene e qnbe n, hee, hey e nee-

y ne when eng h pje wh nekng.

In e be , he pje be expee pve eeny n/

ve wee.

A e pevy, h CBA k ny he I he De C- Me pje. I e h eve w begn he ve

new Me n n e n whn bge n 20.




Standing

xpnn he Me hgh he De C e ny pepe

n gp. Whe een he Une Se hve nng ee-

xpye, he wh e ee by he pje e ee n h

ny. Reen Vgn, Whngn, D.C., n Myn wh ve

wk ne he new n w hve he vnge nee n-

pn pn n ee envnen pn. Tee een

w be he ne pn n nghy k. Bnee

n he egn, epey he e he Me p, w bene

nee en vy. epe veng whn he Whngn, D.C.

e, epey hgh yn Cne, w expeene he bene -

e wh n ex e npn. Any bnee h

hp he g hgh he D.C. e e n ny png

hgh he D.C. e e, whehe bne- pee-ee, w

bene ny pen en ngen.

Anhe pn gp wh nng n he nng he

pje, h he ee gvenen, he Cnweh Vgn,

Fx n Ln ne n Vgn, he wn Henn, he e he De R ( e beng ee he pje), n

eve gnzn n pve enepe nvve n he nng.

Data

D h CBA h been ee py e, h he

De C Me je webe n gvenen webe, whe-

eve pbe. Bee ny he n bene e epbe pn, pepeve n b, envy ny w be peene

bee he nn. Te pn he envy ny ke e-

nve pepeve nbe n ee hw hey e he nn.

C A- he Oe Mngeen n Bge pve

gne ee gene n he evepen egy nye.

T CBA w he C, whh e h CBA e e -

n e peen be n h envy ny e en e peen.




Findings

Costs

Te gee he pje nn, whh ee be be-

ween $2. bn n $2. bn. T CBA e ge $2. bn,

he en hee w ge. Te p envy ny, peene -

e, e bh he we n hghe ge eene he hnge he

gn nng. T ge n $.6 bn “ xe pe”

egn-b n wh De n ne, n ne he

j nn n pje h he gewy, he ve new Me

n, 2,00- nne ne yn Cne, he ee pwe y-

e, n peze bnng (MWAA 200). Te ene he

ney w g e en, pje ngeen n nngeny,

p pen, eng he , wene peen bge,

n eepng n npng ng he Me ph (DCRA).

WMAA eny eve he De C e wh be. One

he new b n nnng, e he be w be e-e,

n n new be h be neee. Teee, hee e n new expe-e peng expene be. One Me eve begn n 20,

peng expene he ve new n w be gnn . Te

ee peng expene e e peenge he FY0

peng expene exng n Ae ye $2. n.

Te De C pje w .6 e he exng 06 e

Me k (0.9 peen), he ee peng e $90.9

n n 200 , 0.9 peen $2. n (WMAA).

Benefts

Te epn Whngn, D.C. e h vege nn ey

ee be 69 2 h pe vee (DCM). T ge he

ve by he De C Me je webe, whh e

h he vege Nhen Vgn e pen nne wkng y n

pe ye, ppxey 2 h (yn k Fe). One eh qnyng ey n ve by ng he ve ve

e vng (VS). Te Vgn Depen R n b n-




pn (DR) ee he ngen n Whngn, D.C.

$2. bn. Reng ey e by pvng n enve e

npn ge bene h pje. Te VS nnwk

ve e (ng ee) 0 peen he vege e-x

wge e pe h ve, whee he VS wk ve e 00

peen he bee-x wge e. e pen n ngen v-

e w e he VS, ve h n he n

ngen e (Bn e . 2006). I h n

n Nhen Vgn n be ene by pvng n enve

pve npn, h Me, n w be ee

gey. Bee pepe ve n he De C een en

n he ve ve e vng bve ppy, h CBA eqe

he ve e he vege hy wge n he D.C. epn e

($2.0) gh vege hee VS (Bn e . 2006). T

hy wge ge h be e ee he npn bene

he pje, e penge bene.

Ang FA ep e n 200, ee h hee

w be 69,600 penge e pe weeky n 20. Rehp expee nee ,00 by 200. T nee n ehp efee n hee

ge whn he CBA (FA 2006). Weeken n hy ehp e-

e ne-h he vege weeky p, eh e e,

epnng ge e e he weeken n hy y

n eh ye. Ang he penge e ge ee ne-wy p,

n he vege e ke w p pe y, he nbe penge

eevng bene ee ,00 pe weeky n 20, neng 2,0 by 200. T nbe n be e epeen he ve-

ge nbe pepe ng n , ehe n pen vehe pb

npn (be), evey y. In he w, h ge peby

epeen he nbe pepe expeenng nn ey 69–2

h e n he De C (yn k Fe). Te B-

e Lb S ee he en hy enng wke

n he D.C. epn e be $2.0 pe h n 200 . Tehy ve e ve eq he vege hy wge (BLS 2009).

T, he ve e ve e be $60. n nn-




y n 20, neng $. n by 200, n 200 . Te

eny ngneeng Rep ee he ve e bene he

Me expnn be 9,00 h eh wky (FA 2006). Ung he

e vege wge n 2 weeky n he ye (exng weeken n

hy), ge e $22.629 n. Bh h ge n

he ge e be $60 n, e e epeen he

e hng: he ve e ve. Te ge epny beween he w

neeng ne. Te we hee w nbe e n he CBA,

n he hghe e n he envy ny.

epe wh w be veng n he new De C Me

exenn w peby hewe be vng e e p-

n he p. N ny e vng n ngen e n,

ge h ngbe . Te ppen vng g-

ne; hweve, hee e ny he xe n vbe e wh

vng. Te U.S. Gene Seve Ann (GSA) h Mege

Rebeen Re vey Owne Vehe h pe e

evey ye. T e ppe epeen he vege pe-e

peng vehe, nng he vbe g, , e, ne

be :

Summary o Costs and Benefts (in millions per year)

2009–2012 2013–2020 2021–2029 2030–uture

Costs

Cnn $6.00Openg $90.9 $90.9 $90.9

Benefts

engeBene

$60. $6.00 $.

C Svng $62.06 $69.2 $6.0

Annual NetBenefts

($637.500) $32.130 $46.294 $60.459

30-year Net Benefts o Project ($1,783.930)

Se: Ah’ n.




nenne, n ep, n he xe epen, nne,

egn n ene ee, n pen ppey xe. T e n n-

e he wnehp. Ung he GSA’ en e $0. pe e

(GSA 2009) n ng h ve w ve e he .6 e

he exenn, h he weeky ehp ge 69,600 epeen

ne-wy p, n n vege py w pepe, he ve by

kng he Me he hn vng $62.06 n pe ye n 20

n nee $6.0 n by 200.

Tee e eve n bene n ne n h CBA h w

be exne he n he “Dn” en bew.

Analysis o Results

Te De C Me je w ny nyze n h CBA

ng 0-ye ewk. I nyze he w j n-

n n peng bge n he w j bene penge bene

n vng. Ohe pbe n bene e e be -

qny n qenbe n pn. Ove he 0-ye pe-, h CBA e nn w he ye

(2009–202) n pen he Me w ene n 20,

wh pen hgh e 20. T CBA ne h ve h

0-ye pe ( ye nn n 26 ye pen), he

De C Me je w genee ne $. b-

n. A enne n he “Bene” en bve, eh ye pen

(ne nn pee) pe nn ne bene. T, heMe pee beyn hee 0 ye, he ne w nny

eee, hwn n be .

Ogny bek-even ny w pnne eene whehe

he ne w eve hnge ve ne bene, n e hw h

e. Hweve, bee he ge n nn pe

wh he evey nn ne bene pe n he e, bek-

even ny ne h even 00 ye n he pje, 96 yen pen, he ne bene w n n negve pve




bee he yey ne bene w n e engh wegh

he ge pn nn.

be hw he yey n bene, bken wn by he pe

n whh hey . Te be hw h 20 n, ne bene e

e n nn npn, b ve 0-ye e e ne

e $. bn.

Sensitivity Analysis

In e n he p ppe n we bn he e-

e bve, ne vbe w ee e, hw nge ne

n eene he pje w peny bek even ng he

ee. T CBA e n w j (he ge pn

nn n he peng bge) n w j bene ( vng

n penge bene) he De C Me je. Te en-

vy ny ee w vbe whh vyng nn exe:

nn expene n penge bene.

Te pje h bene n h pn n he e ng he Me n pen, b h vey ge pn bee he ben-

e n begn e; heee, he n e n hve

gnn p n he e pjen. Te ge he n e

e, he nge w ke he pje bek even. Te gn ny-

e e n e peen, n pe OMB’ C A- he

ny e e peen. ypy n en n whh hee

hgh n n hen e bene n he ye wng, wen e w pe hghe ne bene ( we ne ) hn

hghe e n e. Whe he n nn $2. b-

n w he nn bene $2. n h begn ng n

20, ng he we n e ye e ne . I he pje

k n nge e e, he peen n e w ye even

we ne . T, eh vbe h w ee n he envy ny-

w ne bh peen n peen.Te nn e n he gn ny he en he

nge he expee , bh he hgh n w ee he




e eve n he envy ny bn nge ne bene.

Tee wee w ee he npn bene. Te gn

nn ze he e nbe e n he e n. Te

envy ny e he ge nbe, whh hwe he pje hv-

ng h we ne ve 0 ye. Ung peen n e

wh he vege $2. bn nn n he hghe penge

bene ge, he pje be expee bek even n 206,

ye n he pje n 0 ye n eve, ne he pn.

be 2 e he ne he 0-ye e e.

Discussion

Te De Me je e h -bene ny. T n

bg pe, bee nveen e en n eny j-

e CBA pepeve. T why pve enepe en n

nve n pb npn pje. T, bee hee pje

n e pve nve, hey bee ewh pb g,

n gvenen ene bee ve n enng nng. A ennebefy bee, hee wee eve pn ye nqnbe bene h

h be nee. An ep be e qnyng hee ben-

be 2:

Partial Sensitivity Analysis Findings: Net Costs (in millions)

7% Discount Rate 3% Discount Rate

Ogn CBACnen

−$,.9 −$,66.0

$2. bn nnee

−$,90.9 −$,02.9

$2. bn nnee

−$,66.9 −$,2.0

Hghe penge benege

−$,26. −$.

Se: Ah’ n.




e, b hee e pn whee eng he n e be-

e e n e en n heee e ebe. ep

qny he w nvve kng w nvve kng nne

qenbe pn. Whe eve key pn hve been e

hgh h ny, hey e ne y, expne hghy,

n be pn ebe eeh. F h en, he h eee

“nqnbe” bene hee he hn ep p he n

e.

Unquantifable Considerations

Te n bene n qne whn h ppe e pn

nen bee he pje n k be y ne by he

en 202. Se bene ne envnen bene ee

ngen n e , en n be en, n jb

en. C ne nnvenene ng nn n eee

ppey ve ng he ne e ne pn. Fny, evene

e Me e befy nee bn nen.

Benefts

One bene he pje gh be en n vehe en. I he

nbe vehe e ee by he e he Me, he en

h be ee ngy. T w pe n envnen ben-

e. Nhen Vgn expeenng gnn gwh h expee

nne n he eeebe e. ven wh he Me exenn

n pe, e h e w be n he , n ngenw eveny nee ne gn en eve. Wh he Me-

exenn, hweve, ngen w gw e evee.

A en n h e en n be en

w ee bene qne by he ve e he ve

ye. Agn, njee w be eqe ee wheh-

e ny en—n h ny eh nje—w be ve, e-

pey ngen eveny nee bk en eve, hpen bene n qne whn h CBA.

When nn pje h h ne e nepe, pepe




en beeve h bene jb en. A Bn e . (2006) pn

, n e he eny wh w nepyen, jb en

ne pje nkey ee he nbe pepe nepye (n-

epyen), hee wke e py vng ne nn

pje nhe. Te epyen ee n pepe n e

en een, n pe hgh nepyen, y hnge he

nepyen e, be e en he he nk he ne-

pye. T y nee bene he De C Me

je, whh bke gn ng n en wnwn. Hweve,

he ke beng e pbe, h hey w n ze, n he

bene epyen hve been ee ne.

Costs

A b pn he nnvenene expeene by b-

nee n nyne veng hgh he nn e ng he n-

n pe. Te pje egne be ny nve

pbe, n ey ngee n npebe, -

qny he h pje w pe n bnee nvee.

Anhe nee b n npe ey n he qn-

ve ny he ye’ ee n De C ppey v-

e. One he nn pee, he Me expee p-

ve bene n nene nbe ye n he e. Bee he

Me pnne be bve gn he .6 e, w p-

e ne pn. T gh be nee eee ppeyve, hw p ne h been eene negvey e

ppey ve; hweve, beeve h h eee ppey ve

bee ne pn w y n e be weghe

by nee ppey ve he ppee n pxy he Me

n. pey ve n e pxy Me n n be

expee nee. De he ey hgh ve ppey n Nhen

Vgn, n he vey n ppey ype kng ppey ve qny n whe, he pen nee n ppey ve w nhe

bene n npe n h CBA, b pn ne.




Distributional Eects

ne pyen e ene by C A- “ney pyen

ne gp nhe h n e ee vbe ey”

(OMB 200). In he w, wh bene ne py n eq

nhe py. Whe ne n nbe he ne bene

pje, hey e pn ne. Te pn ne

n he De C pje e evene. Bee he evene e

e ee e, nn be ken n nen

bene whn he nne CBA. Hweve, pn ne

be :

Expected Revenue rom Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project

AverageBoarding Days per Year

Total AnnualRevenue1

(in millions)

2013–2020

Weeky 69,600 2 $.9Weeken,Hy

,00 $.09

pe ye 6 $9.2

2021–2029

Weeky ,60 2 $9.0

Weeken,

Hy

9, $.99

pe ye 6 $.909

2030–uture

Weeky ,00 2 $.22

Weeken,Hy

2,2 $6.9

pe ye 6 $60.60

. A $2. vege e; ee n.

Se: Ah’ n.




he e whn he ny bee WMAA, even e e evene

ken n n, nny e bge e. Te expee evene

e ee he new ne hwn n be .

Revene genee by Me w ee be $2.0 pe e n

200. T e w bee he e nee eeve Jny 200 h

nee e by 0 60 en pe en, epenng n he engh

he p. T CBA e h he vege e e by he en

0 n 60 en, en, n vege e $2.. p beween he

new n n he y w be n he hghe en he png he-

e, geneng ge evene. Be pn ehp enne n he

“Fnng” en bve, ehp w nee 69,600 e n 20

,00 by 200.

Whe hee ge e n npe n he n he ne

peen ve eenng he nn h CBA, hey e p-

n ne bee hey e e n WMAA’ bge.

Financing Considerations

Une he pje n be p n nn, pnpen, hgh he ye nn, e p

w hve be nne, ng nee expene. Hweve, he U.S.

Depen npn e h expene e wh nn-

ng h n be ne n CBA (FHA).

For Further Discussion

Whe h CBA w be qny en n bene n heee hep n exnng he pje, n n be e y

epeen nen. T pje h been ebe by pe n

Nhen Vgn ee, n he ebe e n en hee, j

n en wh he gnng he egn-b n, n wh he

en by he e Seey npn My ee pp

he pje n he beqen gnng he nng geeen by

Seey npn Ry LH. Tee ey ng ppe he exene he De Me exenn, epe he k

en jn.




Conclusion

Whe pe CBA npn, h ny h n he pje

hve ge ne ve 0-ye e e, when he e -

ne , he pje bee h e whwhe. Te n

nn vey hgh pe he nn ne bene n p-

nn ye (ng n 20); hweve, he Me exenn n

be expee genee nny we ne he e ye n

pen. WMAA w be he ben peng expene h ex-

ee evene, he yey peng bge w be negve, eqng

by. T WMAA’ en pe n epbe bee

he evene genee penge e e n he ny -

e wh pb npn. T CBA n h yey penge

bene n vng w exee he peng expene, h eh

ye pen y genee nn ne bene by e $2 -

n. Ae ve ye Me eve, hee nn ne bene

y eveny wegh he hgh pn nn $2. b-

n.

In n weghng he n bene he pje, h CBA epe eene e e wheepn he De C

Me je he I w bek even, n hen ee h e

e w epbe. T w en yng eene enbe

e ye he Me. Te Whngn D.C. e Me ve 0 ye

n nn w en , New Yk’ bwy ye h

been n e ve 00 ye n eqy we nne, n Chg’

eeve e b 0 ye , hgh een nng e hvepe neey nenne nng n qen. Tee expe e

e eeene eene whehe h bek even pn w be

ebe. Bee he hgh pn nn n he n-

n ne bene heee, even when p whn 00 ye e e,

he ne bene he pje e negve, exep n he p-

n n he envy ny, n whh w bek even n

206, 0 ye n pen. Ahgh h nn w ghee, henqnbe bene he De Me ne e nengy vbe

he egn eny.




Reerences

992. “Y e, I’ py.” Brookings Review 0, n. : . Bne Se

ee, BSCOh (ee Feby 26, 2009).

Bn, Anhny A., Dv H. Geenbeg, An R. Vnng, n

Dv L. Wee. 2006. Cost-Beneft Analysis: Concepts and Practice,

3rd Edition. Uppe Se Rve, NJ: ene H.

Ce & Bge, In. 200. “Revew Lge Be nne ngneeng

n nvnen Se yn nne, In.” Jny 22,

200. De C Me je. hp://www.ee.

/p/LB_DF_Rep_Ony_02.26.200_000.p

(ee Mh 2, 2009).

De C Me je (DCM). “De Me je

Ovevew.” De C Me je.

hp://www.ee./b/vevew. (ee

Deebe 200).

De C R An. “De C Me je-

he Fnn Inn.” De C R An.

hp://www.e./p/nn%20nn.p (ee Mh , 2009).

Fee n Ann, U.S. Depen npn,

200, webe en, hp://www...gv/en/

VA_NOVA_De_Wehe_Avene_x. (Aee Feby

20, 2009)

Fe, Ly H. n C Sheeye. 99. R n: Te pepe’

he. Railway Age, 9 V 9, n. 9:–.Mepn Whngn Ap Ahy (MWAA). 200. Exhibit

14.1.1 to Amended and Restated Design-Build Contract o the Dulles

Corridor Metrorail Project, July 25, 2008. Mepn Whngn

Ap Ahy. hp://www.w./_/e/_/

pexhb__2_0.p (ee Mh , 2009).

Nhen Vgn npn Ane. “Le R, Me Cnge-

n.” Nhen Vgn npn Ane.hp://www.nv.g/nen.p?nen=6

(ee Mh 2, 2009).




yn k Fe. “De C Me je, je Upe“

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n. “n Any e: Bene-C Any.” Fee

Hghwy Ann. hp://www.hw..gv/ne/

g/pe0. (ee Ap 9, 2009).

Une Se Gene Seve Ann. “vey Owne Vehe

(OV) Mege Rebeen Re.” hp://www.g.gv/

/g/ep/nenVew.?nenype=

GSA_BASIC&nen I=966 (ee Mh , 2009).

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dural, and Miscellaneous 26 CEF 601.105: Examination o returns

and claims or reund, credit or abatement; determination o correct taxliability. Rev. 200-0. hp://www..gv/pb/-p/

p-0-0.p (Aee Mh , 2009).

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be , 200. hp://www.whehe.gv/b//00/

-.p (Aee Feby 20, 2009)

Whngn Mepn Ae n Ahy (WMAA).

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/FY2009_Appve_Bge.p (ee Mh 2, 2009).

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Ipn Cngen. Nn Cpeve Hghwy Reeh

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nhp_p_6-.p (ee Jny 2, 2009).




Notes

F ee.: “Te De C he eve he.

Whngn D.C. epn egn’ yn n py gwng

vy ene, nng yn Cne, he Ren-Henn e, De

Inenn Ap n he eegng vy ene n een Ln

Cny.”

Whn h ppe, bh “Me” n “Me” ee he pn 2.

he WMAA ye, n “WMAA” ee he gnzn h pe-

e Me.

T e be ny he bee ng he pb, we .

he p bee he pne n h pje: he ee gvenen, he

Cnweh Vgn, Ln Cny, Fx Cny, n Me-

pn Whngn Ap Ahy, ng he.

Te Inen Revene Seve y e he e, n he U.S..

Gene Seve Ann e he. III Anve, -

e, n Mene 26 CF 60.0: xnn en n

en, e, been; eenn e x by.

Rev. . 200-0 hp://www..gv/pb/-p/p-0-0.p.

AAA e e n he nn pbn “Dvng C

200” hp://www.exhnge./Ae/Fe/200260.

DvngC200.p

“Te je Upe,” pepe by he yn k Fe n Nvebe ,.

200, ee nn ey 69 h pe vee n he Whngn

egn. Gene , ee he De C Me je

webe, ee h he vege Nhen Vgn e pen nne

wkng y ye k n . Nne egh-h y 2 h.




Lauren Donnelly ge he Gege Whngn Unvey whee

he eeve he Me’ b y n My 200. She ge wh

B.A. n n n Spnh Bkne Unvey n 200. She

begn he ee he U.S. Gene Seve Ann Cn-

Spe, wkng hee ve hee ye bee eeny ng

wk he Fee R Ann ne he U.S. Depen

npn n Iny n

Many people have contributed and helped me with this paper along the way,

and I am so grateul or everything they have done. I frst would like to thank

Dr. Stephanie Cellini, who introduced me to the method o cost-beneft analysis.

Dr. Joe Cordes gave me many important and valuable suggestions. Tis article

could not have been published without the dedication o the editors o the article

Caroline Crouse and Jeremy Koulish and the editors o the Journal, Lisa Pet-

tibone and Micah Elggren.

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Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, Lauren Donnelly, Policy Perspectives

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