Oneota

West Duluth

Denfield

DULUTH 2100

Adapting to Climate Change in a Dynamic Cityate Change ing a Dynamic Cityn aAdapting to Climm

1940: East Bethel 2013: Detroit Lakes 2100: Canada

Thesis ProjectGDIII Spring Thesis, 2014Individual Project

Key design concepts: Program follows the sun Water systems Conditioned vs. Unconditioned spaces

library/lounge

recital

W/C

performance reception

studios/practice rooms

classrooms

student services

offices

rehearsal reception/courtyard

conference

mech

Stair

library/lounge

recital

W/C

performance reception

studios/practice rooms

classrooms

student services

offices

rehearsal reception/courtyard

conference

mech

Stair

Projections indicate that bythe year 2100, the convergence point of the three biomes inMinnesota will shift northward into Canada; Duluth, Minnesota, will no longer be situated in theconiferous zone, but the prairie/savannah zone. The climate is predicted to be similar to that of Chicago in the winter, andTopeka, Kansas, in the summer.Significant climate change coupled with a decreasingsupply of natural resources poses a challenge for cities like Duluth as they design for longevity. This project considers how futuredevelopment in Duluth can critically address and adapt to climate change and decreasing natural resources while retaining the city’s culture and quality of life.

Site Plan

West Duluth

REHEARSAL ENTRANCE

The site and building are designedfor directing, shedding, and collecting water in a particular way. Holding ponds and cisterns collect, roof angles allow shedding, and topography directs. Although the site is not directly within the 100 year or even the 500 year flood plains, it is on atopographical peninsula surrounded by areas at great flood risk. This puts a great responsibility on the site for managing its own water flow.

Site model

17

15

18

19

20

14

4

1422

4

4

4

7

9

8

28

16

33

28

13

27

23

21

32

34

6

2129

25

24

26

30

31

31

31

3

5

10

1114

12

14

1. Aluminum angle head guide2. Thermal insulation panel3. Aluminum angle fixed to bottom rail4. Structural steel framing5. Stone pavers6. Telescoping door system7. Steel support bracket8. Laminated veneer timber ply transom9. Aluminum flashing10. Galvanized metal plate11. Zinc fascia12. Laminated veneer timber fascia13. Fire Rated Gypsum14. Spruce plywood15. Mineral wool insulation16. Laminated veneer mullion17. Timber outrigger framing18. Zinc standing seam roof sheet19. Vapor barrier structured underlay20. Insulated decking panel21. Bearing Plate22. Shim23. Tube Steel24. 6 mm Vapor Barrier25. Grade beam26. Drill Caisson27. Flashing28. Automatic motorized roller shade29. Dry Pack30. Rebar Cage31. Rigid Insulation32. Steel Angle33. Hopper window34. Motorized window opener

SOUTH CIRCULATION / THERMAL FLUX ZONE

Circadian, Warm, RadiantThe building tradition in Duluth ofusing native materials inspired a simple steel structure with cortencladding and interior wooden details and treatments. The building gains light and heat through a longsouthern exposure. A thermal bufferzone within an unconditionedcirculation area passively heats and cools both the unconditioned and the conditioned spaces. The adaptability of the envelope in this specific area provides the greatest control of this critical space. The design of theenvelope incorporates multiple layers that can be adjusted, removed, or applied as the building and occupant comfort require. Some of the layers slide into wall cavities, some areapplied externally for thermalinsulation, and some swing open and closed. Some of the strategies require manual adjustment, some are automatic and respond to sunlight or time or day.

1. 1/4” strip plywood cladding2. 1/2” x 1” Vertical wood slats3. 3/4” Rigid insulation4. 1” Rigid insulation5. Brush draft excluder6. 1” fireproofing7. Concrete floor8. 4” Wood column9. Steel framing10. Cor-ten cladding11. Batt insulation12. Steel Column

8

6

12

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

10

11

9

CONFERENCE ROOM

Translucent, DramaticThe positioning of the program facilitates natural daylighting as users migrate within the building from East to West throughout the day; for example, the conference room on the eastern side of the building is empty by the time the sun sets, andperformance spaces on thewestern side are more active during the evening. This also minimizesenergy and activity loss by enclosingunused space. On an annual basis, users will naturally be more inclined to inhabit the less-conditioned spaces such as circulation and reception when milder weather takes over. Over time, the building mayexperience a migration in program as certain spaces may be found more suitable for other activities due to interior and exterior environmental changes.

1. Cor-Ten wall system: Cor-Ten panels Support stud Separating wall strip OSB 8” steel stud framing with batt insulation Drywall2. Steel structure 3. Flashing4. C-channel5. Interior wood ceiling finish6. Drainage7. Retractable skylights8. Zinc standing seam roof: Zinc panel Insulated decking panel OSB9. Rigid Insulation10. OSB

COURTYARD

Dynamic, Unpredictable, VividSpaces with a greater need forconditioning (recital hall, recording studio) are treated very differently from those that have a lesser need for conditioning such as the courtyard. Rehearsal, performance, and admin areas are grouped; each is enclosed by its own envelope and tied together as a whole by circulation and gathering areas, which wrap the entire building within a second envelope. Because the circulation and courtyard areas are not supplemented with mechanical conditioning, one may see adjustments made within these spaces throughout the day.