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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc !llri hts reser"e#

ENTERPRISE INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

A PATTERN BASED APPROACH

Chapter 2

Representation and Patterns: An Introdutionto the REA Enterprise Onto!o"#

A$no%!ed"e&ent: Man# o' the s!ides 'or this hapter are adapted 'ro& !ass&ateria!s prepared (# Pro'essor )i!!ia& E* MCarth# at Mihi"an State +ni,ersit#

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s ese e#

2-2

Chapter .earnin" O(/eti,es

0* E1p!ain the i&portane o'representation and &ode!in" inenterprise s#ste& desi"n and use

2* Identi'# ,arious t#pes o' patterns and

reo"nie patterns in the %or!d around#ou

3* Desri(e the purpose and theo&ponents o' the 'our !e,e!s o' the

REA onto!o"#4* Desri(e the use'u!ness o' the REA

pattern as a 'ra&e%or$ 'or data(asedesi"n

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2-3

Representation

5 Depition o' Rea!it# %ith S#&(o!s6 Peop!e are rea! thin"s

5 Identi'iation ards 7suh as dri,ers !ienses or soia!seurit# ards8 are representations o' those peop!e

6A!ternati,e!# #ou ou!d sa# identi'iation ards are s#&(o!sthat represent those peop!e

5 )hat other representations o' peop!e an #ou thin$ o'9

5 )hih o' these is !i$e!# to (e the (est representation9

6 Co&puters are rea! thin"s

5 )hat are so&e representations o' o&puters9

5 )hih o' these is !i$e!# to (e the (est representation9

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2-4

Mode!s as Representations

5 )hat is a &ode!96A &ode! is a si&p!i'iation o' so&ethin" in rea!it#

5 Created 'or a spei'i purpose

5 Hides detai!s that are not needed 'or that purpose

5 E1a&p!es: &ode! ar arhitet;s &ode!s 6 paper-(asedand 3-di&ensiona!

5 )h# do %e (ui!d &ode!s o' enterprises#ste&s96 )e (ui!d &ode!s so that %e an (etter understand

the s#ste& %e are de,e!opin"*6 Most enterprise s#ste&s are too !ar"e and

o&p!e1 'or the a,era"e person to o&prehend inentiret#*

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2- o' the(usiness in a 'or& that is o&puter-reada(!e6 )e start (# &a$in" a paper-(ased &ode! %ith a set o'

s#&(o!s that ha,e understood &eanin"s and 'or %hih

there are a"reed upon proedures 'or trans!ation intoo&puter-reada(!e 'or&

6 )e then trans!ate the paper-(ased representation intoa o&puteried in'or&ation s#ste&

5 The in'or&ation s#ste& is itse!' a representation o' the(usiness rea!it#

5 The paper-(ased &ode! is a!so a representation o' the(usiness rea!it#

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2-?

Prinip!es o' Mode!in"

5 )hen reatin" or e,a!uatin" &ode!s ho% do%e deter&ine %hat &a$es ="ood> &ode!s96 This is i&portant (eause i' a &ode! pro,ides an

inter&ediate step to%ard a so!ution or de,e!oped too!hoies in &ode!in" partia!!# deter&ine the so!ution or

too!;s e''eti,eness*6 @ood &ode!s rese&(!e their under!#in" rea!it# as

o&p!ete!# as possi(!e

6 @ood &ode!s an (e e1pressed at di''erent !e,e!s o'preision

6 The# an (e (ro$en do%n into s&a!!er piees 'or !osere1a&ination o' so&e 'eatures and a""re"ated 'or ho!isti,ie%s

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REALITY

Token level

SYMBOL

Type level

SYMBOL

green

red

blue

yellow

purple

Representation at the to$en

!e,e! has a separate s#&(o!'or eah spei'i instane inrea!it#

Color

Representation at the t#pe!e,e! uses one s#&(o! 'or&u!tip!e instanes o' aspei'ied t#pe

S#&(o! Representations at Di''erent.e,e!s o' A(stration

Soure: Pro'essor Bi!! MCarth# at Mihi"an State +ni,ersit#(ased on @eerts and MCarth# =AnOnto!o"ia! Ana!#sis o' the Eono&i Pri&iti,es o' the E1tended-REA Enterprise In'or&ation Arhiteture> Internationa!

ourna! o' Aountin" In'or&ation S#ste&s* 3:20* 0-0?*

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5 itoria Me&oria! Ha!!

5 .ino!n Me&oria!

5 Mount Rush&ore

Are the o(/ets (e!o% s#&(o!s or rea!it#9

Are the# =to$en> or =t#pe> !e,e! o(/ets9

Can #ou &ath the !e't-side o(/ets to the orrespondin" ri"ht-side o(/ets9

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2-

Are these objects symbols or reality?Are they token or type level objects?

Can you match these objects to those on the previous slide?

Queen George Theodore Abraham Thomas

Victoria ashington !oosevelt "incoln #e$$erson

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2-0G

'or

%o& might &e represent the $or

relationship at the token level??

Na&e !oation 'inisheditoria Me&oria! Ca!utta 020

.ino!n Me&oria! )ashin"ton DC 022Mount Rush&ore South Da$ota 040

.and&ar$ Na&e Birth DeathTho&as e''erson 043 02?A(raha& .ino!n 0G 0? ,ar#'ro& the ro&ane sript96 Can #ou thin$ o' an e1a&p!e o' a stor# (ased on

the tra"i ro&ane sript9

6 Ho% a(out a seond e1a&p!e9

5 Sript patterns si&i!ar to o(/et patternsin,o!,e =pattern-(ased thin$in"> app!ied to

seuentia! ati,ities

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2-0

Business-Entrepreneur Sript

5 I "et so&e &one#

5 I en"a"e in ,a!ue-added e1han"es6 Purhase ra% &ateria!s

6 Purhase !a(or6 Manu'ature 'inished "oods

6 Se!! 'inished "oods

5 I pa# (a$ &one# and !i,e o'' pro'it

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2-0

Meet Fran$ie

'ote( this e)ample is $or illustration purposes only and ignores legal issues *rankie

&ould $ace +e,g, sales license- ta)es- etc,.

5 Fran$ie is a 0G #ear o!dentrepreneur

5 He is a (i" 'an o' sportstradin" ards

5 He has a "reat idea 'or&a$in" &one#6 Bu# ards in (u!$

6 Bu# s!ee,es in (u!$

6 Put ards in s!ee,es

6 Se!! sin"!e s!ee,ed ardsat a pro'it to other sportstradin" ard 'ans

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2-2G

Meet Fran$ie;s Dad

5 He is a rea!!# "reatdadJJ (ut

5 He doesn;t thin$Fran$ie;s idea is

"ood (eause6 Fran$ie has no

&one#

6 Fran$ie has no ti&e

to sort and asse&(!eards 7(eause o'too &uh ho&e%or$8

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2-20

Meet Fran$ie;s Aunt Franes

5 Aunt Franes isFran$ie;s 'a,orite aunt

5 She has p!ent# o'&one# and no $ids o'her o%n

5 She is %i!!in" to !endso&e o' it to Fran$ie

5 She %i!! har"e interestthou"h to &a$e it a=rea!> (usiness

transation other%iseDad %i!! sa# =no>

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2-22

Meet Fran$ie;s Sister Sa!!#

5 Sa!!# is ? #ears o!d andis in 0st"rade

5 First "raders don;t ha,e&uh ho&e%or$

5 She is prett# s&art andtrust%orth# too

5 She is %i!!in" to %or$ 'orFran$ie 'or 2 ents per

asse&(!ed ard

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2-23

Meet So&e o' Fran$ie;s Friends

5 Me!issa Ste,enAnthon# and K#!e

5 The# are sports ard'ans %ho are %i!!in" topa# 'air!# hi"h pries to"et the ards the# %antand the# are %i!!in" topa# ash

5 There e1ist &an# &ore

potentia! usto&ers(esides these 'our

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2-24

Fran$ie;s Dad Reats5 O$a# Fran$ie #ou ha,e sho%n

initiati,e and I %i!! a!!o% #ou totr# this she&e o' #ours* I %i!!e,en (e #our supp!ier sine #oudon;t ha,e a redit ard*

5 Cards %i!! ost #ou L3 per pa$i' #ou (u# 24 pa$s at a ti&e*S!ee,es %i!! ost L*

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