Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Genetic Determinism.

Durand SvenLepannetier MorvanGaillardou Arnaud

Racoto NicolasThuleau Edouard

Genetic Determinism



Cloning

Why do we want to clone?



Why do we want to clone?

• the therapeutic cloning:

We create a clone to save one person.

• the reproductive cloning:

We use cloning to have a child.



Are they the same person?



Are they the same person?

• Some of people thinks that DNA decide of all but it is false.

• Because there is a difference during construction of human.

• Identical twins have not the same fingerprints.



Why are we afraid?



Why are we afraid?

• Yesterday: The scientists consider it was science fiction, and we should not think that it is serious

"Nature 1997"

• Today: The scientists make research on the animals.

• Tomorrow: The Human beings cloned.



Theories against cloningDurand Sven

Lepannetier MorvanGaillardou Arnaud


2 theories against cloning

• Clones have pathology and malformation.

(reduced by technology)

• The aim of a clone is just to create a copy, and it is not to live in the society.



Danger

• As in the breedings, the people known as exceptional will be cloned.

• A clone does not have his life.

• The therapeutic cloning make an embryo, but when until can commit suicide an embryo.

• The human will not be original any more.



Sources

• « Nature » 1997

• Jacques Testart www.monde-diplomatique.fr



What is a genetically modified food product?

• Genetically modified food products are plants that have had their genetic characteristics altered. Scientists change the plants' characteristics by putting new genetic material into them, genes for example from a bacteria which can withstand pesticides.



What foods can you create by genetic modification?

• Sweet corn

• Rice

• Tomatoes

• Rape

• Many Others



Example of genetically modified crops

Pesticide resistant rape plants – Advantages:

• The farmer can grow a larger crop because it is easier to fight pests.

• In some cases the farmer can use a more environmentally friendly crop spray.

• The farmer can also protect the environment by using less crop spray.



Example of genetically modified crops

Pesticide resistant rape plants– Disadvantages:

• Genes from the genetically modified rape crop could be transferred to the pests. The pests then become resistant to the crop spray and the crop spraying becomes useless.

• Rape plants can pollinate weeds - for example navew which is found in rape fields. When rape plants pollinate the navew their genes are transferred. The navew then acquires pesticide resistance.



EU Laws about GMO Is it legal to produce and sell genetically modified foods?

Companies have to have permission to market and sell a food that is produced using a genetically modified plant.

Is it legal to import genetically modified foods?At the moment, only certain forms of genetically

modified Soya beans, rape and sweet corn may be imported

into the EU. Who decides, what is legal?

In Europe, the EU is mainly responsible for deciding what is legal with regard to genetically modified foods. Member countries must follow two sets of instructions from the EU.

A Directive on release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (no. 2001/18/EC)

The Regulation concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients (no. 258/97)



EU Laws about GMO

Must genetically modified foods be labelled?

In the EU, products containing traces of genetically modified substances are to be labelled as genetically modified. In other words - foods that are different from the corresponding non-genetically modified foods because they contain new substances in

the form of proteins and genes, derived from gene-modification. The same rules apply to additives and flavourings.

Are legal ethics considered?

In 2001, for the first time, the EU- plan opened up to the fact that authorities can include ethical considerations in their resolutions



Rights and WrongsGive your opinions

Are scientists playing God or are they merely facilitating a natural development?

Is genetically modified food dangerous, or are people just frightened of something new?

Can the richer countries refuse to save the poor from dying of hunger?



Main GM cultures in the world



GM Cultures evolution



GM Cultures evolution



GM Production Map



Producer countries



Bibliography

http://bionetonline.org/

http://www.ogm.gouv.qc.ca

http://www.cert-id.com/fr/consumers_methods.htm



http://www.ogm.gouv.qc.ca/



DNA Database

Who owns your genes?



European Policy:

The Ministers of Interior Department of G5 worked on the ways to improve safety in Europe.

They will create Database storing the ADN of the criminals.

http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/informatique/0,39040745,39160307,00.htm



Quiz (Numbers & Laws)

How many genetic diseases are estimated to exist?

• 1-100

• 3000-4,000

• 30,000-40,000



How many genetic diseases are estimated to exist?

• 1-100

• 3000-4,000

• 30,000-40,000



How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening?

• Around 400

• Around 4000

• All of them



How many genetic diseases can be identified by gene screening?

• Around 400

• Around 4000

• All of them



Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in France?

• Yes

• No



Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in France?

• Yes

• No, instead, they ask for a declaration from applicants stating they are unaware of suffering from any disease.



Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in the UK?

• Yes

• No



Is it legal for insurance companies to have access to the results of genetic tests in the UK?

• Yes, unlike many European countries, there are currently no laws banning insurance companies from accessing the results of genetic tests

• No



What will be the future applications of database?

What are your opinions

• Should Insurance companies access to our DNA database?






• Should the recruiters access to our DNA database to know if we are the good people for the job?






• Should the recruiters access to our DNA database to know if we are the good people for the job?

• Should the policemen spy people who have dangerous genes for others?



Design your baby



Today

• Advanced reproductive technologies allow parents and doctors to screen embryos for genetic disorders and select healthy embryos.So why not a perfect baby ?

• What will we do when scientists are able to manipulate genes to form the so-called "perfect person?"

• And when we're able to identify the gene for intelligence, athleticism or beauty, will we want to make sure our future children have it?



God or Devil ?

• In fact , there is intense speculation in the media about the implications of geneticists' capacity to identify the functions of a growing number of genes.

• The fear is that prenatal screening and abortion might be employed not only to prevent disease and disability but also by prospective parents anxious to maximise their offspring's brains, beauty and conformity to conventional behavioural norms and Designer babies is a term used by journalists to describe this frightening scenario. It is not a term used by scientists



Exemple Poll

• In a poll taken 10 years ago, 11 percent of American parents surveyed said they would abort a child if they knew it was going to be obese.

– Source :http://christianity.com/partner/Article_Display_Page



TodayWe were conceived in a genetic lottery

• But what are the situation today ?– Doctors can already to choose the sex of

your future baby:• What do you think about this possibility ?

– Should parents be allowed to custom build their children and choose desirable or cosmetic characteristics ?



Help to debate

• First case :– Modification to a women who are having

trouble getting pregnant, because doctors need access to the embryos.

• Second case :– What about couples who are perfectly fertile -

not prone to miscarriage, not carriers of a debilitating disease – and ask for modification to select the sex of their babies.



PollHow do you feel about baby sex selection ?

• 27.78%– Scares me by

taking place of God

• 6.67%– Unsure to the

long-term consequences

• 11.85%– I would do it

• 9.26%– I do not know yet

• 6.30%– This is a great tool for

parents • 7.04%

– I am uncomfortable with the idea

• 9.26%– I fully support it

• 21.11%– Some things science

should not touch



Right or Wrong ?

• Differents cases : Cure genetic disease – http://preconception.com/resources/articles

/pgd.htm• If you know that your child will have a rare genetic

disease that you can avoid with genetic therapy , is it normal to try to avoid that ?

• Should scientists tamper with the genes of unborn children to cure genetic disease?

• Is it right?

• Is it unnatural?



http://preconception.com/resources/articles/pgd.htm

http://preconception.com/resources/articles/pgd.htm

Laws France / England

• Status of Laws in France and England – Is selecting an embryo for its genes legal ?– Is it legal to genetically engineer animals?– Is sex selection legal ?

• http://www.bionetonline.org/english/Content/db_eth.htm



http://www.bionetonline.org/english/Content/db_eth.htm

Stem Cells

What are stem cells?

Scientists are excited about the possibility of Stem Cells



Stem Cells

Where do the embryos come from?

There are currently at least 100,000 'spare' human embryos stored in freezers across the European Union.



Stem Cells

Is it right to use an embryo as a stem cell 'factory'?

• Is an embryo a human life or just a ball of cells?

• Do the rights of the embryo outweigh the rights of the adult or child with an incurable disease?



Stem CellsWhen does an embryo or foetus

become a human being?

• At the moment of conception?• Two months after fertilisation when the

head and body are recognisable, but the embryo has no awareness because the brain has not wired up?

• At 5 1/2 months when the foetus can respond to noise and if born would survive?

• Only when the baby is born?



Living LongerHow long can we live?

life expectancy in 2004 :

Source : http://www.reseauproteus.net/fr/Actualites/Statistiques/



Living Longer

How do we age?

How can science slow down the ageing process?

The law



Living Longer

Can society afford an even larger elderly population?

Will we still have respect for the elderly when their numbers are exploding?

How long should we go on working if we lived much longer?



Living Longer

Is it a good idea to have longer life in our society?

Should we aim for more life to our days than more days to our life?



Date post:	27-Mar-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	joseph-hart
View:	229 times
Download:	3 times

Durand Sven Lepannetier Morvan Gaillardou Arnaud Racoto Nicolas Thuleau Edouard Genetic Determinism.

Documents