Concept/Skills Development

2. See cartoons at end of module. Films for the Humanities and Sciences http://ffh.films.com/ 200 American Metro Blvd. Suite 124 Hamilton, NJ 08619 P 800.257.5126 F 609.671.0266 The following media come as videos, or DVDs or videoclips. Prices on average range from $50-150 per title: Drugs and Poisons ASA http://www.jce.divched.org/JCEDLib/WebWare/index.html A Web-Based Interactive Module to Teach Acid–Base Principles of Drug Action Maria A. Hernandez and Jolanta Czerwinska Pre-pharmacy, pre-medicine, entry-level pharmacy students, as well as students in other health professions, would benefit from the “Acid–Base Properties of Drugs” online module by allowing them to explore, on their own time, how the concepts they have learned in general and organic chemistry relate to the actions and reactions of drugs in the body. (www.jce.divched.org) “The World of Chemistry” videos – Annenberg CPB Project (www.learner.org) Program 23: “Proteins: Structure and Function” Program 24: “The Genetic Code”

MEDIA

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Marsella, G. B. C. (1995, October). Chemiluminescence, the Cold Light. ChemMatters, 13(3), 12-15. Utilizing the luciferin and luciferase reaction to diagnose tuberculosis.

Martin, W. (1977). Medical heroes and heretics. Greenwich, CT: Devin—

Adair.

This is the source (pp. 55-71) for "Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine." This bookand Men and Medicine below tell the story of bold adventures in medicine. Ofparticular interest is the types of individuals who got involved in medicaldiscoveries, who can and have followed revolutionary lines of thought for thebenefit of humans.

The Merck index: An encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs, ( 11th Ed). (1989). Rahway, NJ: Merck.

A listing of chemicals including the trivial names, solubility, color, medical use, pharmacological activity, dose, and important or common side effects.

Olenick, M. & Robson, D.P. (1992, October). Nicotine Patches. ChemMatters, 10(3), 15.

How "the patch" helps you quit smoking.

Plummer, C.M. (1995, February). Deadly Cholera. ChemMatters, 13(1), 12-13.

Rehydration therapy.

Selinger, B. (1989). Chemistry in the marketplace (4th Ed.). New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.

Chapter 9 is entitled Chemistry in the Medicine Cabinet.

Shippen, K. B. (1957). Men of medicine. New York, NY: Viking.

Smith, T. (1992, December). Salt. ChemMatters, 10(4), 4-6.

Salt and its substitutes.

Steiner, R. P. (Ed.). (1986). Folk medicine: The art and the science. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.

General interest book exploring the medical practices of non-Western culturesto establish a scientific basis for folk remedy successes. Explains why Westernmedical researchers look to folk medicine for new drugs, and looks at remediesfrom a variety of cultures and countries.

Taylor, J. B., and Kennewell, P. D. (1981). Introductory medicinal chemistry. New York, NY: Halsted.

This text describes the path of a drug from its formulation and entry into thehuman body, its distribution throughout the body, its interaction with activesites and its elimination.

How the medical test works.

Veenstra, T. (1993, September). Drinking and driving, Chem 13 News, p. 19. Waller, K.V. & Doig, K. (1994, January). Clinical Laboratory Science. The Science

Teacher, 61(1), 20-23.

References updated by James O. Schreck and Mary Virginia Orna Agosta, W. (1997) “Medicines and Drugs from Plants,” Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 857. A look at how medicines drugs are discovered from plants. Anderson, G. (2004) “Demonstration of Enantiomer Specificity of Proteins and Drugs,” Journal of Chemical Education, 81, 971. A demonstration using models to demonstrate why the chirality of drugs affects its interaction in the body. Baxter, Roberta. (2002) “Antibacterials-Fighting Infection Where It Lives,” ChemMatters, 20, No. 3, 10-11. Although they make our hospitals and cafeterias safer places, some scientist think the products go too far in the fight against germs Baxter, Roberta. (2005) “Battling Zits,” ChemMatters, 23, No. 2, 4-6. Ahost of pills, creams, and treatments are out there to help fight acne. How do they work? Baxter, Roberta. (2006) “Sneeze and Wheeze,” ChemMatters, 24, No. 2, 7-10. Learning how allergic reactions occur is often the key to living with and controlling the misery they create. Borer, L. & Barry, E. (2000) “Experiments with Aspirin,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 354. Experiment procedure involving synthesis, purification, and characterization of aspirin, determining the percent composition of a commercial aspirin tablet, kinetics of the hydrolysis of aspirin, the synthesis of copper(II) aspirinate and copper(II) salicylate, and the reaction of copper(II) aspirinate in aqueous solution. Brownlee, Christen. (2004) “Lab on a Stick,” ChemMatters, 22, No. 3, 9-12. Meet the tiny paper strip with two enzymes and 16 reagents that can perform 10 urinalysis tests in under two minutes and help diagnose a host of medical conditions. Bruce, N. (2008) “How Chemistry Helps Make Blood Transfusion Safer,” ChemMatters 26 (February, No. 1), 8-10. Cady, Susan G. (2005) “A 3D Model of Double-Helical DNA showing variable Chemical Details,” Journal of Chemical Education 82, 79-84.

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This article is about how scientists are studying how the shape of the multi chained complex DNA structure is related to its function. They are cracking the genetic code, that is, deciphering the nucleotide base order or sequence of each single-stranded chain in the complex. Centelles, Josep J., Imperial, Santiago (2005) “The Sterochemistry of Biochemical Molecules: A subject to Revisit” Journal of Chemical Education 82, 75-78. This article is about the existence of many naturally occurring compounds in enantiomeic forms, and how one enantiomer is predominant that the other. The article also talks about stereoisomerism in biochemistry textbooks. Clauss, A. (2008) “Real-World Topics: Medicinal Chemistry,” Journal of Chemical Education, 85, 1657. Corey, E.J., Czakó, B., Kürti, L.(2007) Molecules and Medicine. John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ. DeLorenzo, R. (2000) “Four Interesting Mysteries with Seemingly Conflicting Explanations,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 475. Discusses why alcohol consumption enhances cigarettes’ carcinogenic effects, why women become intoxicated more easily than men, why using Vaseline Intensive Care Hand Lotion increases the number of unwanted pregnancies and promotes the spread of HIV, and why the lotion rinse off in water. Edmiston, P. & Williams, T. (2000) “An Analytical Laboratory Experiment in Error Analysis: Repeated Determination of Glucose Using Commercial Glucometers,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 377. Uses glucometers and standard solutions of glucose to test for the accuracy of the glucometers. Evans, Wynne and Hall, Peter. (2006) “Open learning support for foundation chemistry as taught to health science students,” Chemistry Education Research and Practice 7 (3), 185-194. http://www.rsc.org/images/Evans%20final_tcm18-58361.pdf On-line learning support for foundation chemistry was supplied to health science students via Blackboard and interactive web pages. Flinn Chemistry Activity Book. Chemistry of Over-the-Counter Drugs. Flinn Scientific Catalog Number AP4277. Goldfarb, Bruce. (1998) “Synthetic Blood-Supply from a Different Vein,” ChemMatters, 16, No.2, 13-15.

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Many parts of the body can be replaced and maintained by medical technology, but the search for a blood substitute still continues-with some interesting and life- enhancing results. Graham , Tim. (2000) “Anabolic Steroids- The Downside of Bulking Up,” ChemMatters, 18, No. 2, 12-13. Andro-6, an anabolic steroid, is still for sale as a food supplement. But the bad news about health risks outweighs the good. Graham, T. (2008) “Rebreathers,” ChemMatters 26 (February, No. 1), 11-13. Heltzel, Carl and Wermager, Paul. (2007) “Alice A. Ball: Young Chemist Gave Hope to Millions,” ChemMatters, 25, No. 1, 16-19. Try to imagine the unthinkable scenario in which you are forcibly removed from your home and deposited in one of the bleakest places on earth. But then, a young African-American woman’s discovery provides you with relief, and maybe a cure-from leprosy. Herlocker, Helen. (2000) “Antibiotics in the Food Chain,” ChemMatters, 18, No. 3, 14-15. Some life-saving antibiotics are in danger of losing their punch. Herlocker, Helen. (2001) “Asthma: Attack From the Air,” Chem Matters, 19, Special Issue No. 1, 12-13. Asthma sufferers know what it is like to fight for a breath of air. Herlocker, Helen. (2004) “The Transdermal Patch-Driving Drugs Skin Deep,” ChemMatters, 22, No. 4, 17-19. No more needles, no more pills. Medicine through the skin? How do transdermal patches work? Hickman, R. & Neill, J. (1997) “Influence of pH on Drug Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Simple Chemical Model,” Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 855. A look at how the pH of the stomach (pH 2) and the pH of the intestine (pH 8) each dissolve medications differently. Houghton, P. (2001) “Old Yet New—Pharmaceuticals from Plants,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 175. Discusses how for thousands of years, plants were used to treat human ailments, and how Western medicine has isolated the compounds or made derivatives of them for use as a drug.

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Kimbrough, Doris R. (2004) “The Aspirin Effect: Pain Relief and More,” ChemMatters, 22, No. 1, 7-9. How do drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen provide relief for so many symptoms? Kimbrough, Doris R. (2002) “Urine: Your Own Chemistry,” ChemMatters, 20, No. 3, 14-15. The urine you excrete tells a story about your health, your diet, and any medications you’ve been taking. Labianca, D. (1998) “Rohypnol: Profile of the ‘Date-Rape Drug’.” Journal of Chemical Education, 75, 719. Discusses how Rohypnol works, what it was originally designed for, and also how to promote awareness among students of the dangers of this drug. Lamont, L. (2009) “Using Aspirin as a Teaching Tool,” Journal of Chemical Education, 86, 476. Lewis, A. (2002) “Blending in with the Body,” Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 321. Discusses how synthetic polymers based on naturally occurring phospholipids structures found in cell membrane can improve medicine’s acceptance by the body. Meadows, Robin. (1997) “The Horror and Hope of Thalidomide,” ChemMatters, 15, No. 1, 13-15. A good example of when enantiomeric drugs have different effects depending on the enantiomer. Millard, J.T. (2009) “Television Medical Dramas as Case Studies in Biochemistry,” Journal of Chemical Education, 86, 1216-1218. Miles, W. & Smiley, P. (2002) “Modeling the Drug Discovery Process: The Isolation and Biological Testing of Eugenol from Clove Oil,” Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 90. An experiment coupling the chemical separation of the components in clove oil, and a simple antibiotic test, students “discover” the biologically active compound in clove oil. Miller, J. (1999) “Photodynamic Therapy: The Sensitization of Cancer Cells to Light,” Journal of Chemical Education, 76, 592. A look at photodynamic therapy, an approach for destroying malignant cells using light, oxygen and a drug. Mirafzal, G. & Summer, J. (2000) “Microwave Irradiation Reactions: Synthesis of Analgesic Drugs,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 356. Discusses how to make aspirin, acetanilide, phenacetin, and acetaminophen in a microwave at 30% power for five minutes.

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Nicholson, J. & Anstice, H. (1999) “The Chemistry of Modern Dental Filling Materials,” Journal of Chemical Education, 76, 1497. Describes the chemistry of the composite resins and glass-ionomer cements that go into filling out teeth. Olmsted, J. (1998) “Synthesis of Aspirin: A General Chemistry Experiment,” Journal of Chemical Education, 75, 1261. An experimental procedure to make salicylic acid from oil of wintergreen. Pandita, S. & Goyal, S. (1998) “An Efficient Microscale Procedure for the Synthesis of Aspirin,” Journal of Chemical Education, 75, 770. A procedure for the synthesis of aspirin on microscale, eliminating the heating step usually employed. Pinto, G. (2009) “Fluorine Compounds and Dental Health: Applications of General Chemistry Topics,” Journal of Chemical Education, 86, 185-187. Ruth, Carolyn. (2003) “Extracting Medicine From Plants,” Chem Matters, 21, No. 1, 17-19. Sold as herbal Supplements, many of these over-the-counter products are sold as cures. Should the manufacturers be required to prove their claims? Schatz, P. (1997) “Some food for thought,” Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 746. A look at the chemicals that cause depression, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and the medications used to combat them. Smith, D. (2005) “A Supramolecular Approach to Medicinal Chemistry: Medicine Beyond the Molecule,” Journal of Chemical Education, 82, 393. Discusses in teaching about the interactions between chemical molecules and biological systems, a focus on intermolecular forces is important. Stachulski, A., Lennard, M. (2000) “Drug Metabolism: The Body’s Defense against Chemical Attack,” Journal of Chemical Education, 77, 349. Discusses how drugs are metabolized in the body, and how this prevents toxic effects. Stone, Carol. (2000) “Bones-The Living Skeleton,” Chem Matters, 18, No. 3, 12-13. Far from being the skeleton of Halloween fame, our living breathing bones deserve some special care and feeding. And the time to start is now! Straus, E. (1999) “Radioimmunoassay of Gastrointestinal Hormones,” Journal of Chemical Education, 76, 788. A look at how our understanding of the digestive tract has improved over the years and the techniques they now use to study the digestive tract.

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Sun, Gang, Worley, Dave S. (2005) “Chemistry of Durable and Regenerable Biocidal Textiles,” Journal of Chemical Education 82, 60-64. Researchers have revealed that textiles are advantageous media for hosting microorganisms and, therefore, are potentially responsible for the disease transmission. Thielk, David. (2001) “Kidney Dialysis The Living Connection,” Chem Matters, 19, No. 2, 10-12. The right chemicals moving across a membrane in the right direction describes the life-saving procedure of kidney dialysis. Thomas, G. (2008) Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience: New York. Trantow, A. (2002). Brushing Up on Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 1168A. An activity in which students make their own toothpaste and compare its properties with those of commercial toothpaste. Vanderborght, Claudia. (2004) “You’re Getting Sleepy,” ChemMatters, 22, No. 1, 4-6. What is anesthesia? Do we really know how it works? Waddell, T.G., Rybolt, T.R. (2007) The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. JCE Publications: Madison, WI. Walsh, T. & Koontz, C. (1997) “Determination of the Enantiomeric Purity of Naproxen: An Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment,” Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 585. A look at the stereochemistry of Naproxen, a drug in which only the S isomer is save to use, while the R isomer is a liver toxin. Wolkenberg, S. & Su, A. (2001) “Combinatorial Synthesis and Discovery of an Antibiotic Compound. An Experiment Suitable for High School and Undergraduate Laboratory,” Journal of Chemical Education, 78, 784. An experiment involving the synthesis of six libraries and three hydrazones, screening the libraries for antibiotic activity, demonstrating chemistry’s application to drug discovery. Zovinka, E. & Sunseri, D. (2002) “Photochemotherapy: Light Dependent Therapies in Medicine,” Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 1331. A look at light dependent therapies, used for diseases from cancer to acne to AIDS.

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