Dwh Lan Wan Wireless Nw-3

8/4/2019 Dwh Lan Wan Wireless Nw-3

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Information Technology 1

Information Technology

1Information Technology


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` A repository of historical data, subject-orientedand organized, summarized and integrated fromvarious sources so as to be easily accessed andmanipulated for decision support

` It provides improved analytical processing

` It involves 3 concepts Business representation of data for end users

Web based environment that gives the users query and

reporting capabilities Server based repository that allows centralized security

and control over data


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` Ability to reach data quickly as it is located in 1 place

` Ability to reach data easily and frequently by end users with

Web browsers

` Ability to provide consolidated view of corporate data. Ex.,

Sales tracking and coupon mailings (sales promotion)

` These benefits can improve business knowledge, provide

competitive advantage, enhance cr service & satisfaction,

facilitate decision making and help in streamlining business

processes


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1. Organization Data is organized by subject (cr, vendor, price level, product, region)

2. Consistency Data will be coded in consistent manner (gender data)

3. Time variant Data is kept for many years to use for tends, forecasting and

comparisons

4. Non volatile Once data is entered, it is not updated

5. Relational Uses a relational structure

6. Client/Server C/s architecture used to provide easy data access

7. Web based Provides efficient computing environment for Web based applns


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` LAN Privately owned networks within a single building or

campus of upto a few kms in size

Used to connect PCs in offices to share resources like

printers

Are distinguished from other kinds of nws by 3

characteristics-

x Size,

xTransmission Technology,

x Topology


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` LANs are restricted in size and worst casetransmission time is bounded

` LANs use transmission technology consisting of asingle cable to which all the machines areattached Traditional LANs run at speeds of 10 to 100 Mbps

(1000000 bits per sec)

` Various topologies are possible for broadcast

LANs Bus Network

Ring Network


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` Spans a large geographical area (country or continent)

` Contains a collection of machines intended for running

application programs

These machines are known as hosts

` Hosts are connected by a communication subnet

Communication subnet carries messages from host to host

Communication subnet consists of 2 distinct components-

Transmission Lines, Switching Components

Nearly all wide area nws (except those using satellites) have

store and forward subnets


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1. Transmission Lines - known as circuits that move bits

between machines

2. Switching Elements (router) - specialized computers

used to connect 2 or more transmission lines. When

data arrive on an incoming line, the switching elementmust choose an outgoing line to forward them on

Pt to pt, store & forward, packet switched subnet

x When a packet is sent from one router to another

x via 1 or more intermediate routers,

x the packet is received at each intermediate router,

x stored there until the required output line is free and

x then forwarded


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` Star

` Ring

` Tree

` Complete` Intersecting Rings

` Irregular


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` Overview & Benefits` Challenge for workers on the move

Salespeople, service employees More effective if they can use IT while at their jobs in the field

or in transit

` Applications of Mobile Computing Carriable computers (mobile devices) like laptop and PDA

were inventedx Lighter, more processing speed and storagex At the end of the day, mobile workers could download info from a

regular desktop computer

x Sales people able to make proposals at customers officesx Traveler could read and answer all of the days e-mails

Use of Mobile devices in wireless environment (wirelessmobile computing)


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` Enable real time connection between a mobile

device and internet

` Computing is available anywhere at any time

` Used at home, work, education, health care andentertainment

` Major boost was provided by Intel with its Centrino

chip having 3 imp capabilities

1. A connection device to a wireless LAN2. Low usage of battery

3. High level of security


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` GPS

Satellite based tracking system that enables the determination

of a GPS devices location

` PDA

Small portable computer-Palm handhelds, Pocket PCs

` SMS

Known as the e-mail of m-commerce. Allows for sending of

short text messages (upto 160 characters)

` Bluetooth

A chip technology wireless standard designed for temporary,

short range connection among mobile devices


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` Wireless Application Protocol A technology that offers Internet browsing from wireless

devices

` Wi-Fi

Wireless Fidelity refers to 802.11b std on which most of theWLANs run

` WLAN Wireless Local Area Network- a broad terms for all 802.11

stds. It is a wireless version of the Ethernet networking std

` Mobile Commerce Impact of mobile computing via the Internet in the way we

conduct business is mobile commerce


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1. Mobility Implies portability

Users can initiate a real time contact with other systemsfrom any place if they can connect to wireless nw

2. Broad Reach People can be reached at any time

` Above 2 attributes create the following 5 valueadded attributes

Ubiquity, Convenience, Instant Connectivity,Personalization, Localization of Products and Services


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1. Attribute of being available at any location in any giventime

2. More and more places are equipped with Wi-Fi enablingusers to get online from portable laptops any time.Internet enabled mobile is easier and faster to access the

internet3. Mobile devices enable to connect easily and quickly to

the Internet4. Preparation of customized info for individual consumers.

Ex., a user who is identified as one who likes to travelmight be sent travel related info

5. Knowing where the user is located is key to offeringrelevant products. Ex., if it is known that you like Italianfood and you are in a Mall that has an Italian restaurant,you might receive an SMS giving you a 10% discount


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1. Widespread availability of mobile devices2. No need for a PC3. The Handset Culture

15-25 yr old age group- constitute a major force of onlinebuyers

4. Vendors Push Mobile communication nw operators & manufacturers of

mobile devices are advertising many potential applications ofmobile computing and m Commerce

5. Declining Prices and Increased Functionalities Per minute pricing of mobile services

6. Improvement of bandwidth Voice, Video and Multimedia (WiFi- 11 Mbps, 3G- 2 Mbps)


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` Mobile station.The mobile phone communicates with otherparts of the system through the base-station system.` GSM Base station system (BSS).

Base transceiverstation (BTS).The base transceiver station (BTS) handlesthe radio interface to the mobile station. The base transceiver station is theradio equipment (transceivers and antennas)

Base station controller (BSC).The BSC provides the control functions andphysical links between the MSC and BTS. It provides functions such ashandover, cell configuration data and control of RF power levels in basetransceiver stations. A number ofBSCs are served by a MSC.

` GSMSwitching System

Mobile services switching center (MSC). The MSC performs the telephonyswitching functions of the system. It also performs such functions as tollticketing, network interfacing, common channel signalling, and others.


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` 1 G Based on analog based technology- first generation of wireless

technology

` 2 G Second generation of digital wireless technology. Based on

digital radio technology, mainly accommodates text` 2.5 G

Technology based on GPRS (General Packet Radio Services)and EDGE (enhanced data rates for global evaluation) thatcan accommodate ltd graphics

` 3 G Third generation of digital wireless technology-supports rich

media such as video clips

` 4 G Provide faster display of multimedia


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` Challenge of servicing large number of users with

the limited bandwidth

` Done through multiplexing protocols

FDMA- Used by 1G systems, this protocol gives eachuser a different frequency to communicate on

TDMA-Used by 2G systems, this protocol assigns

different users different time slots on a given

communication channel

CDMA- Used by 2.5G and 3G systems, this protocolseparates different users by assigning different codes to

the segments of each users communications



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` Wireless LAN is like a wired LAN but without

cables

` Range upto 200 feet

` Most WLANs run on a standard known as 802.11b(std developed by IEEE) This std is also called as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

` WLANs employing this std have communication

speed of 11 Mbps



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` It is an IP based, wireless broadband access

technology that provides performance similar to

Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS

(quality of service) of cellular networks.` Provides up to 40 Mbit/s

` It is a wireless digital communications system,

also known as IEEE 802.16. WiMAX can provide

broadband wireless access up to 50 km for fixedstations, and upto 15 km for mobile stations.



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`

Serveris a system that provides data, services oraccess to other systems for clients

` Proxy servers sit between a client program

(typically a Web browser) and an external server

(typically another server on the Web) to filterrequests, improve performance, and share

connections.

` Mail servers move and store mail over corporate

networks (via LANs and WANs) and across theInternet.



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` Telnet Serverenables users to log on to a hostcomputer and perform tasks as if they're working

on the remote computer itself.

` FTPServermakes it possible to move one or

more files securely between computers whileproviding file security.

` Production Server is a web server that delivers

what is often called the "live site." It is available to

the entire web. The files served by a productionserver undergo extensive testing.



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` Application server is a software handles all

application operations between a user and an

organizations business systems

` Database serverprovides large storage capacity` Web serveris software for locating and managing

stored web pages


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Dwh Lan Wan Wireless Nw-3

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