Dynamic web developer and manager(CMS)

7/29/2019 Dynamic web developer and manager(CMS)

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Dynamic websitesnecessarily comprise web pages that are generated

in real-time. These types contain web scripting program code, such as PHP

development, ASP or .net development. Whenever a dynamic web page is

accessed, the program code inside the web development page can be parsed on

the web server (back-end) and the ensuing HTML is delivered to the web

browser.

Institutions are struggling to maintain their Web sites. Out of date

material, poor control over design and navigation, a lack of authority control

and the constriction of the Webmaster bottleneck. The pre-millennial Web has

been characterized by highly manual approaches to maintenance; the

successful and sustainable post-millennial Web will have significant

automation. One vehicle by which this can be achieved is the Dynamic Web

Developer And Manage (DWDM).

1.1PURPOSE:Dynamic website allows users to create the website for their different

purpose such as for Organization, Industry, School, and University. It allows

them to create the website of their own choice with little efforts and small

amount of time.

This let the user to perform their work efficiently without wasting their

time and also allows them to perform their work continuously without any

hindrance. The need for an automated, post-millennial Web, Fundamentally a

DWDM devolves control over content to the owners of that content (rather

than the technician) and then scales without increasing management

overheads.


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1.2 SCOPE:

We have created dynamic website application by including great

features for the benefit of the users and depending on the requirement of the

users more new features can also be added to it. Some of the features which it

includes such as Discussion, Forums, Query Forms, Message Boards, Online

registration, Feedback Forms, Online Chat, Blog, Mailing etc.

A Dynamic Web Developer And Manager (DWDM) is not really a

product or a technology. It is a catch-all term that covers a wide set of

processes that will underpin the Next Generation large-scale web site.

The pervasive nature of the Web means that it has become the preferred

vehicle for content delivery. DWDM should therefore be read as Dynamic

Web Developer And Manager. Institutions have no shortage of content - be

it data, information or knowledge. When the creation and publication of

content is well managed then the organization functions more cost-effectively;

it is also likely to lead to better decision making.

The key goal of a DWDM is the increased integration and automation of

the processes that support efficient and effective Internet delivery.

1.3 BENEFITS:

At first, Dynamic websites might get a little expensive to develop

though the advantages are many. At the simple stage, a new dynamic website

can provide the website manager a chance to keep posted up-to-date content or

create fresh content on the website. For instance, news, events, new updates,

happenings, new products, new services may be published on the website by

way of a undemanding and trouble-free browser interface.

The concept of self-service authoring, whereby staff do not need

special skills to edit the content for which they are responsible, can be

regarded as a major step towards acceptance of the Web as a medium for


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communication by non-web specialists. Providing this is the key advantage of

a DWD. As local information systems integrate and become more pervasive,

self-service authoring extends to the concept of write once, re-use anywhere,

in which the Web is treated as just another communication channel along with

email, word processor files and presentations, etc.

Vibrant features that can incorporate into a dynamic or a niche website

are just boundless. A few examples of dynamic website page features include:

content management system, e-commerce system, bulletins and community

forums, intranet or extranet features, potential pertaining to customers to

upload or publish files, facility for administrators/users to develop content or

improve with facts or figures to your website (dynamic publishing).

Dynamic pages access information directly from a database. Therefore,

to alter the content of a dynamic page, the webmaster may only need to update

a database record. This is especially helpful for large sites that contain

hundreds or thousands of pages. It also makes it possible for multiple users to

update the content of a website without editing the layout of the pages.

Every person, firm or even a lending broker wishing to possess some

sort of tangible website presence might choose dynamic websites as a

necessary tool for instant business activity. More than ever, enterprises that are

wanting to display their services and products that constantly need change or

modification and likewise feel the need to get the information regarding them

to be current and up-to-date every once in a while should really give a thought

to processional dynamic web internet solutions.

1.4 ADVANTAGES:

1. Greatly functional website.2. Easy to add/manage contents, info. Photos and videos without the web

designers interference.


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3. Easier to update.4.New content brings people back to the site and helps in the search

engines.

5. Works as a system to allow staff or users to collaborate.6. Can add as many pages as you want.7. Facility to modify your dynamic website in search engine friendly

mode.

8. Engendering the re-use of information.9. Permitting the efficient re-purposing of information.10.Allowing information maintenance to becomedevolved but at the same

time preserving central control.

11.Ensuring presentational consistency by separating the design of Webpages from the content they display.


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CHAPTER2

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

2.1 WHAT IS SDLC?

SDLC is acronym forSystem Development Life Cycle. A software

development life cycle is the series of identifiable stages that a software

product undergoes during its lifetime .A software lifecycle model is a

descriptive and diagrammatic representation of the software life cycle .A life

cycle model represents all the activities required to make a software product

transit through its lifecycle phases .It also captures the order in which these

activities are to be taken.

Once a problem or opportunity for a new system is recognized a

request for developing a new system is forwarded for approval. If it is

approved, a study is carried out to ensure that proposed system is feasible. If

feasible, phase of system analysis, system design, system implementation and

post implementation is carried out. A recycling of development may occur

again following system evaluation if the system still requires modification ordevelopment.

LI FE CYCLE MODELS

There are various life cycle models to improve the software processes.

WATERFALL MODEL PROTOTYPE MODEL ITERATIVE ENHANCEMENT MODEL EVOLUTIONARY MODEL SPIRAL MODELIn this project, Waterfall model is followed.


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2.2 STAGES OF SDLC:

WATERFALL MODEL

2.2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY:

The feasibility study activity involves the analysis of the problem and

collection of the relevant information relating to the product. The main aim of

the feasibility study is to determine whether it would be financially and

technically feasible to develop the product.

Feasibility is conducted to identify the best system that meets the all

the requirements. This includes an identification description, an evaluation of

the proposed systems and selection of the best system for the job.

We carried out the feasibility study to find whether it is possible to

develop a web application using Java Server Page (JSP), which would replace

the old manual system for examination and it should be easy to use for the user

and can be developed at optimum cost.

Integration and System testing

Implementation and Unit Testing

System Design

Analysis

Feasibility Study


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2.2.2 ANALYSIS

The goal of this phase is to understand the exact requirements needed

to develop the application and document them properly.

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the project is to provide facility to Institutes to

conduct exams and to students to give exams. Teacher can enter the questions.

Admin can view the result. Students can login and give their respective exams

and view their score then and there or they can practice sample papers in mock

test.

SCOPE:

This application provides facility to institutes to conduct exams by

providing a unique id to each student. The institute provides questions along

with marks. All the information entered by the student can be edited by the

institute. In turn student can login with their id and password to give the exams

and can view their result then and there. Institute can also view the result oftheir students.

2.2.3 DESIGN

System design is the solution to the creation of a new system. This

phase is composed of several systems. This phase focuses on the detailed

implementation of the feasible system. It emphasis on translating the design

specifications to the performance specifications.System design has two phases of development logical and physical

design. During logical design phase the analyst describes inputs (sources),

outputs (destinations), databases (data sores) and procedures (data flows) all in

a format that meets the user requirements. The analyst also specifies the user

needs at a level that virtually determines the information flow in and out of the

system and the data resources. Here the logical design is done through data

flow diagrams and database design.


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The physical design is followed by physical design or coding.

Physical design produces the working system by defining the design

specifications, which tell the programmers exactly what the candidate system

must do. The programmers write the necessary programs that accept input

from the user, perform necessary processing on accepted data through call and

produce the required report on a hard copy or display it on the screen.

2.2.4 IMPLEMENTAION AND UNIT TESTING

Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert

from the old system to the new. The old system consists of manual operations,

which is operated in a very different manner from the proposed new system. A

proper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet the

requirements of the organizations. An improper installation may affect the

success of the computerized system. During this phase the design is

implemented. Initially small modules are tested in isolation from rest of the

software product called Unit Testing.Unit testing focuses first on the modules in the proposed system to

locate errors. This enables to detect errors in the coding and logic that are

contained within that module alone. Those resulting from the interaction

between modules are initially avoided. In unit testing step each module has to

be checked separately.

2.2.5 INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM TESTINGSystem testing is a critical aspect of Software Quality Assurance and

represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. Testing is a

process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. A good test

is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. The

purpose of testing is to identify and correct bugs in the developed system.

Nothing is complete without testing. Testing is the vital to the success of the

system. In this all the modules are integrated and then tested altogether.


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Integration testing is used to verify the combining of the software

modules. Integration testing addresses the issues associated with the dual

problems of verification and program construction. System testing is used to

verify, whether the developed system meets the requirements.


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CHAPTER-3

FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.1TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM FEASIBILITYa. The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in

terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures.

b. It is feasible to design the system as all type of hardware and softwarerequirements are present, which are essential for the system to stand and

work upon.

c. Our group has the capability to develop this system. As we have all therequired expertise to handle the completion of the project.

3.2 RESOURCE FEASIBILITY

a. This involves questions such as how much time is available to build thenew system, when it can be built, type and amount of resources

required.

b. Considering water fall model for development it will take four monthsin achieving the first three stages of it which are Requirement

specification, design and implementation of the project. And in one

month of time we can achieve Testing and installation of the project

hence it feasible to design the system.

c. All the resource which are required, such as PHP, AJAX, MySQL, areopen source and universally accepted hence it is resource feasible.

3.3 LEGAL FEASBILITY

a. It is legally feasible do design the system in PHP, using HTML and CSSas the front end coding language and PHP as business logic, its licence

agreement clearly state that any code written in the PHP is owned by its

programmer and the programmer owns all the rights.


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b. Hence the implementation (coding) part will be inoffensive in anymanner.

3.4 SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY

a. As it is clearly stated inResource Feasibility that it will take all mostfive month in completion hence it is schedule feasible.

b. There is a dead line time of five month for this project, and due to thewater fall model it sure that the project will be completed in Time.

c. We have all the resource and the expertise which are required hence in-capability delay is negligible.


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CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM REQUIRMENTANALYSIS

4.1INTRODUCTION

4.1.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to clearly identify what the

Dynamic Web Application is.

4.1.2 SCOPE

This document is the only that describes the requirements of the

system. It is meant for use by developers and will be the basis for

validating the final delivery system. Any change made to the

requirements in the future will have to go through a formal change

approval process. The developer is responsible for asking for

clarification, where necessary, and will not make alternation without the

permission of the client.

4.1.3 DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS

Dynamic Web Developer & Manager (DWDM)

4.1.4 DEVELOPERS RESPONSIBILITIES OVERVIEW-

The Developer is responsible for:-1. Developing the system.2. Conducting any user training that might be needed for using the

system.

3. Maintaining the system for a period of one year after Installation


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4.2GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS

4.2.1 PRODUCT FUNCTION OVERVIEW-

A DWDM is a dynamic website creator that allows the user to create the

site according to his requirement without wasting a his precious amount

of time on the development of the website.

It allows the user to use various applications to involve in his site as

required by him such as chat, mail, forum, blog etc.

4.2.2 USERS CHARACTERISTICS-The main users of this system are operators, Database Manager andother higher authority.

4.2.3 GENERAL CONSTRAINTS-The system is based on windows environment and works on Windows

XP and higher.

4.2.4 GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES-(i) Access to the information will be controlled by enabling or

disabling based on the user role.

(ii) The SDM has only read and write access to initial forms anddetails of all others details.

(iii) A higher authority has read or writes access to all forms.4.3 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

4.3.1INPUT AND OUTPUT

Administrator Table-This table keeps all the records of all the registered

members.

Faculty Table- This table keeps all the record of Faculties detail and

course detail.


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4.4 EXTERNAL INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT

To interact with software there are menu bars available. Only by this

menu bars and buttons user can interact with application

4.5 PERFORMANCE CONSTRAINTS

The ultimate aim of the system is to maintain data integrity and

consistency at all time. The system is expected to generate outputs and

reports as expected by the user.

4.6 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

(i) SOFTWARE CONSTRAINTS-a. The system is to run under window-98/XP/Vista or higher OS.

b. My-Sql is database.c. PHP is back-end and HTML and CSS is front end.

(ii) HARDWARE CONSTRAINTSa. Intel Pentium Processor

b. RAM 512MB or morec. Hard Disk- 100MB or more


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CHAPTER-5

SYSTEM DESIGN PHASE

Data Flow Diagramming is a means of representing a system at any level of

detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data

processes, and data sources/destination.

The data flow diagram is analogous to a road map. It is a network model of

all possibilities with different detail shown on different hierarchical levels.

This processes of representing different details level is called leveling or

partitioning by some data flow diagram advocates.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) uses a number of symbols to represent the systems.

Data Flow Diagram also known as Bubble Chart is used to clarify system

requirements and identifying the major transformations that will become

programs in system design. So it is the starting point of the design phase that

functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the level of

details.

5.1 TERMS USED IN DFD

1. PROCESS

A process transforms data values. The lowest level processes are pure

functions without side effects. An entire data flow graphics high level process.

Graphical representation:

Graphical Representation:


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2. DATA FLOW

A data flow connects the output of an object or process to input of

another object or process. It represents the intermediate data value within a

computation. It is represented by an arrow and labeled with a description of

data, usually its name or type.

3. DATA STORE

A data store is a passive object with in a data flow diagram that stores

data for later access.

4.EXTERNAL ENTITYA rectangle represents an external entity such as a librarian, a library

member.





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5. OUTPUT SYMBOL

This box represented data production during human computer interaction

5.2 DESIGN OF COMPLETE SYSTEM

In this phase of the system the user is allowed to interact with the initial

stage for the creation of the site. In this phase the user interacts with the sign

up page. On this page the user is directed to give some of his information in

order to create the new site and to get the access of it .It is done by allowing

the user choose the name for his site .He can select any name which he can

change later on if so required. Then he is asked to give his mail id and

password for creating the account on the site

This information of user is sent as a request to the admin for creating the

new account .Then admin check for the validity of the user and then allows the

access. He checks for the same id in the database and if found then user is

directed to login page to enter his detail and is not allowed to create the site

again with the same id. If the user has not created his account then he is

provided with a new account id and his record is inserted into the database and

is directed to the homepage.



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5.3 CREATION OF HOME PAGE

After creating the site the user is forwarded to the homepage. In the page

the user has to select the title for his site. Then user is asked to give the type of

the site like personal, business and organization which have got further

subcategories which is provided by the admin. Then the user will be asked to

select the theme for his site according to his choice .Then the user will be

asked to select the pages for his site like and addition of various application

provided by the admin .If there is a condition the user wants to use his own

application that is not provided by the admin then he can send a request to the

admin to add his particular feature to his account .The the admin decides and

add the application to the the users site .The a web page is created as required


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by the user .he will be allowed with the facilities to use blog,mail,chat forum

etc which he can choose upon his choice.

5.4 CHAT

After login user can do two types of chat-

1. Personal chat2. Common chat5.4.1 PERSONAL CHAT:-

when user will select any friend from chat box on table with name

userid1_userid2 will be crearted. This table will have two columns :-

i. user_id


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ii. user_chatuser_id will store user id of chatting person and user_chat will store

corresponding chat statement.This table will be showed on personal

chatbox by ajax script.

5.4.2 COMMAN CHAT:-When use will select common chat then one common chat box appear

at the front of him in which data from chat table(it is also present in

data base)is fetched by ajax.there is two columns in chat table:-

i. user_idii. user_chat

user_id will store user id of chatting person and user_chat will store

corresponding chat statement.


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5.5 USER GROUPS

Internally, Western-style forums organize visitors and logged in members

into user groups. Privileges and rights are given based on these groups. A user

of the forum can automatically be promoted to a more privileged user group

based on criteria set by the administrator. A person viewing a closed thread as

a memberwill see a box saying he does not have the right to submit messages

there, but a moderatorwill likely see the same box granting him access to

more than just posting messages.

An unregistered user of the site is commonly known as aguestorvisitor.

Guests are typically granted access to all functions that do not require database

alterations or breach privacy. A guest can usually view the contents of the

forum or use such features as read marking, but occasionally an administrator

will disallow visitors to read their forum as an incentive to become a registered

member. A person who is a very frequent visitor of the forum, a section or

even a thread is referred to as a lurker and the habit is referred to as lurking.

Registered members often will refer to themselves as lurkingin a particular

location, which is to say they have no intention of participating in that section

but enjoy reading the contributions to it.

5.5.1. MODERATORS

The moderators (short singular form: "mod") are users (or employees) of

the forum who are granted access to the posts and threads of all members for

the purpose ofmoderating discussion(similar to arbitration) and also keeping

the forum clean (neutralizing spam and spambots etc.). Because they have

access to all posts and threads in their area of responsibility, it is common for a

friend of the site owner to be promoted to moderator for such a task.

Moderators also answer users' concerns about the forum, general questions, as

well as respond to specific complaints. They also can do anything to lend a

helping hand to a user in need. Moderators themselves may have ranks: some


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may be given mod privileges over only a particular topic or section (called

"local"), while others (called "global" or "super") may be allowed access

anywhere. Common privileges of moderators include: deleting, merging,

moving, and splitting of posts and threads, locking, renaming, and sticking of

threads, banning, suspending, suspending, unbanning, warning the members,

or adding, editing, removing the polls of threads. "Junior Mudding", "Backseat

Modding", or "Forum copping" can refer negatively to the behavior of

ordinary users who take a moderator-like tone in criticizing other members.

Essentially, it is the duty of the moderator to manage the day-to-day affairs of

a forum or board as it applies to the stream of user contributions and

interactions. The relative effectiveness of this user management directly

impacts the quality of a forum in general, its appeal, and its usefulness as a

community of interrelated users.

Moderators also have categories e.g. "Global Moderators" and just

"Moderators". Global moderators have the rights to moderate the complete

forum while moderators can be assigned only to the sub-forum.

5.5.2. ADMINISTRATOR

The administrators (short form: "admin") manage the technical details

required for running the site. As such, they may promote (and

demote) members to/from moderators, manage the rules, create sections and

sub-sections, as well as perform any database operations (database

backup etc.). Administrators often also act as moderators. Administrators may

also make forum-wide announcements, or change the appearance (known as

the skin) of a forum. There are also many forums where administrators share

their knowledge like Admin Forum.


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5.6. ARTICLE MANAGER

The article managerwill manage the article (page) in all manners. By

the help of article manager we will be able to see the entire article present on

the site. It will also tell all sort of information about the articles present over

there, such as creation date, publish status, access type, number of hits,

category and the author of the article. It will also provide the buttons for new,

edit, publish, unpublish, and delete. We can manage any article by selecting its

check box and then clicking on the required button.

The article with a public access status will be displayed to all the users

on only on condition which is the article also has the published status. The

articles which are having a private status will only be showed to those users

which are logged in. now whenever any page will be clicked its hit count will

increase.

5.6.1. NEW ARTICLE

When user will selectNew Article option from the article managercategory he will have all the privileges to create a new article. He will be

provided with the black boxes with the appropriate heading as their

requirements. He will fill in all the boxes and click the save button and the

article will be created. First of all he will have to enter the name of the article

there after the Alias which is the link label of that article. Now he will select

the category continued by selecting the access type as public or private. Thelast text area is the body part of the article with an embedded What You See Is

What You Get(WYSIWYG) editor to exactly make the article look as the user

wants.

5.6.2. EDIT ARTICLE

After selecting the check box of the article, which is to be edited, the

user will enterEdit Article page. Here all the previously stored information

about the article will be displayed. The boxes with the names name, alias,


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category, access, and body will be filled by the information stored in the

article. The user can change anything which he wants to change and will press

the save button. The message will appear which will confirm that the article is

successful stored. The areas which are not edited or change will remain as it is.

5.7. CATEGORY MANAGER

The category managerwill manage and create all the categories present.

This page will list all the categories present with all sort of information about

the categories. The information will be the status, order, access, and it id. Itwill also provide the buttons for new, edit, publish, unpublish, and delete. We


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can manage any categories by selecting its check box and then clicking on the

required button.

5.7.1. NEW CATEGORY

When the user will enter this page he will be able to generate a new

category with all sorts of features. He will write the categories name and the

will chose the parent category to make this category as its sub category. If he

does not selects any parent category then this category will become a new

independent category.

There after the description of the category to keep a track of it. And will

press the save button. Again a message will appear which will confirm that the

category is created successfully.

5.7.2. EDIT CATEGORY

After selecting the check box of the category, which is to be edited, the

user will enterEdit Category page. Here all the previously stored information

about the category will be displayed. The boxes with the names title, parent,

status, and description will be filled by the information stored in the category.

The user can change anything which he wants to change and will press the

save button. The message will appear which will confirm that the category is

successful stored. The areas which are not edited or change will remain as it is.


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5.8. MEDIA MANAGER

The media managerwill manage the logo of the site. It will also show

the present logo which is visible to the user now one may easily change the

logo by the help of media manager.

Changing logo is very simple what we have to do is click on the chose

file button and a browsing window will appear. There in that window select

the picture and click on ok button. Now press the start upload button and the

logo is changed. It supports any Picture file up to 10 MB in size.


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5.9. GLOBAL CONFIGURATION

Theglobal configuration will deal with the site header move and footer

visible to the user on the front end. To change the site simply put the desired

move into the text box besides the site name heading and press the same button

or press cancel to exit without any change.

The same procedure is applicable for the site footer put in the required

footer and press the save button and the press cancel for no change after the

editing is performed the result can be seen or the front end the moment save

button & pressed.


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5.10. TEMPLATE MANAGER

The Template managerwill manage the sites (front ends) template. It

will list the entire installed template on the site and will mark the applied

template with a star in front of it.

It is very simple to change the template of the site only we have to do is

click on the check box at the template which is to be applied. Now press the

make default button and the template is change.

To delete any template same procedure is applied, click the check box

and press the delete button and a message will appear which will confirm thatthe template is deleted.

5.11. EDIT PROFILE

The edit profile will show all the information of the administrator who is

presently logged in. it will tell about the first name, last name, password,

email, registration date, and type of the admin. Now the admin can change any


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of it directly from here. He will not have to go into the whole procedure of

user manager for any change or manipulation.

The admin can leave the thing which he does not want or edit it. There

will be no effect on the untouched material. They will remain as they were.

After all the desired manipulations the admin will press the save button and a

message will appear which will confirm that the profile has been edited

successfully and it stored correctly into the database.


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5.12. TEMPLATE INSTALLER

The template installerwill help is to install new templates so that the

admin can change and manipulate the front end as he want. He can develop

attractive template and make it a zip file.

Now to installer any new template one has to press the chose file button

and a browsing window will appear. There in that window select the

Template.zip files and click on ok button. Now press the start upload

button and the template will be installed. It supports any zip file up to 10 MB

in size.

After the success upload the template manager window will open with

the new template in the last of the list. From there one may easily make that

template as the default template by selecting its check box and pressing the

make default button. Now he can view the effects of this template on the main

site (front end) by refreshing it.


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5.13. USER MANAGER

The User managerwill manage all the members. By the help of user

manager we will be able to see the each and every member present on the site.

It will also tell all sort of information about the member present over there,

such as first name, last name, password, email, registration date, last login

time, status and type of the user. It will also provide the buttons for new, edit,

Activate, Block, and delete. We can manage any user by selecting its check

box and then clicking on the required button.

The user with an active status will be able to login by putting in the

username and the password. The users which are having a blocked status will

not be able to login in any condition. Upon submission of username and

password by a blocked user, a message will appear telling that you are

blocked.

5.13.1. NEW USER

When user will select new useroption from the user manager categoryhe will have all the privileges to create a new user of any type. He will be

provided with the black boxes with the appropriate heading as their

requirements. He will fill in all the boxes and click the save button and the user

will be created. First of all he will have to enter the first name of the user there

after the last name followed by username and password. Now he will select the

type as user or admin. And press the save button and a message will appearwhich will confirm that the user is created and strode into the database.

5.13.2. EDIT USER

After selecting the check box of the article, which is to be edited, the

user will enterEdit Article page. The edit userwill show all the information of

the selected user. It will tell about the first name, last name, password, email,

registration date, and type of the user. Now the admin can change any of it

directly from here.


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The admin can leave the thing which he does not want or edit it. There will be

no effect on the untouched material. They will remain as they were. After all

the desired manipulations the admin will press the save button and a message

will appear which will confirm that the user has been edited successfully and it

stored correctly into the database.


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5.14. OVERALL E-R DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM


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CHAPTER-6

TESTING

Testing is the major quality control measure employed during

software development. Testing is a process of executing a program with the

intent of finding an error. No piece of code is completely ready unless it has

fully tested. This stage is very important as at this stage it is verified whether

the code development meet the requirement specification or not. Moreover, all

validations are also checked in the testing stage.

6.1 Need for Testing

Testing is vital to the success of the system. Testing makes a logical

assumption that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be

successfully achieved. Inadequate testing or non-testing leads to errors that

may not appear until month later. A small system error can conceivable

explode into much larger problem effective testing early in the process

translate directly into long term cost solving from a reduced.

System testing is a critical aspect of Software Quality Assurance andrepresents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. A good test

is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. The

purpose of testing is to identify and correct bugs in the developed system.

Nothing is complete without testing.

In the code testing the logic of the developed system is tested. For this

every module of the program is executed to find an error. To performspecification test, the examination of the specifications stating what the

program should do and how it should perform under various conditions.

Unit testing focuses first on the modules in the proposed system to

locate errors. This enables to detect errors in the coding and logic that are

contained within that module alone. Those resulting from the interaction

between modules are initially avoided. In unit testing step each module has to

be checked separately.


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System testing does not test the software as a whole, but rather than

integration of each module in the system. The primary concern is the

compatibility of individual modules. One has to find areas where modules

have been designed with different specifications of data lengths, type and data

element name.

Testing and validation are the most important steps after the

implementation of the developed system. The system testing is performed to

ensure that there are no errors in the implemented system. The software must

be executed several times in order to find out the errors in the different

modules of the system.

Validation refers to the process of using the new software for the

developed system in a live environment i.e., new software inside the

organization, in order to find out the errors.

The validation phase reveals the failures and the bugs in the developed

system. It will be come to know about the practical difficulties the system

faces when operated in the true environment. By testing the code of theimplemented software, the logic of the program can be examined. A

specification test is conducted to check whether the specifications stating the

program are performing under various conditions. Apart from these tests, there

are some special tests conducted which are given below:

PEAK LOAD TESTING:- This determines whether the new system will

handle the volume of activities when the system is at the peak of its processingdemand. The test has revealed that the new software for the agency is capable

of handling the demands at the peak time.

STORAGE TESTING:- This determines the capacity of the new system to

store transaction data on a disk or on other files. The proposed software has the

required storage space available, because of the use of a number of hard disks.


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PERFORMANCE TESTIING:- This test determines the length of the time

used by the system to process transaction data.

Testing may be done at 4 levels

Unit Level Module Level Integration & System Regression

6.2 Levels of Testing

6.2.1 Unit Testing

A Unit corresponds to a screen /form in the package. Unit testing

focuses on verification of the corresponding class or Screen. This testing

includes testing of control paths, interfaces, local data structures, logical

decisions, boundary conditions, and error handling. Unit testing may use Test

Drivers, which are control programs to co-ordinate test case inputs and

outputs, and Test stubs, which replace low-level modules.

6.2.2 Module Testing

Module Testing is done using the test cases prepared earlier. Module

is defined during the time of design.

6.2.3 Integration & System Testing

Integration testing is used to verify the combining of the software

modules. Integration testing addresses the issues associated with the dual

problems of verification and program construction. System testing is used toverify, whether the developed system meets the requirements.

6.2.4 Regression Testing

Each modification in software impacts unmodified areas, which

results serious injuries to that software. So the process of re-testing for

rectification of errors due to modification is known as regression testing.


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CHAPTER-7

SCREENSHOTS USER


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SCREENSHOTS ADMIN CONTROL PANEL


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REFERENCES

BOOKS

The complete reference for PHP Database system concepts (Korth) Software Engineering by IAN SOMMERVILLE

SITES USED IN THE PROJECT

www.google.com www.jquery.org www.php.net www.wikipedia.org www.skynetindia.info www.serverside.com www.thenewboston.org www.w3schools.com

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