e-Buge-BugResearch Period Research Period

FindingsFindings

Research ReportResearch Reporta)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate

partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsuse and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European campaigns Details of other pan-European campaigns

MethodsMethods

• Belgium Belgium

• Czech RepublicCzech Republic

• DenmarkDenmark

• France France

• Great BritainGreat Britain

• GreeceGreece

• ItalyItaly

• PolandPoland

• PortugalPortugal

• SpainSpain

• A questionnaire was devised for distribution to A questionnaire was devised for distribution to each Associated partner each Associated partner

• Teacher focus groups were carried out in the UK Teacher focus groups were carried out in the UK

a)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsuse and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European campaignsDetails of other pan-European campaigns

ObjectivesObjectives

• Examine the educational structure across each Examine the educational structure across each associate partner country associate partner country

• Assess what children are being taught in school Assess what children are being taught in school with regards to with regards to

• good and bad microbes good and bad microbes • hand hygiene hand hygiene • respiratory hygienerespiratory hygiene• antibiotic useantibiotic use• vaccinesvaccines

• Decide where and how e-Bug will fit into the Decide where and how e-Bug will fit into the curriculumcurriculum

 

 

 

  Pre school

Primary

Lower Secondary

Upper Secondary

Compulsory Full Time Education

Education Structure across EuropeEducation Structure across Europe

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

SpainSpain

PortugalPortugal

PolandPoland

ItalyItaly

GreeceGreece

Great Britain SCOGreat Britain SCO

Great Britain NIRGreat Britain NIR

Great Britain WALGreat Britain WAL

Great Britain ENGGreat Britain ENG

FranceFrance

DenmarkDenmark

Czech Republic Czech Republic

Belgium GRBelgium GR

Belgium FLBelgium FL

Belgium FRBelgium FR

Student Age (years)

Junior packs

Senior packs

SloveniaSlovenia

SlovakiaSlovakia

LithuaniaLithuania

LatviaLatvia

Ireland Ireland

HungaryHungary

FinlandFinland

CroatiaCroatia

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

SpainSpain

PortugalPortugal

PolandPoland

ItalyItaly

GreeceGreece

Great Britain SCOGreat Britain SCO

Great Britain NIRGreat Britain NIR

Great Britain WALGreat Britain WAL

Great Britain ENGGreat Britain ENG

FranceFrance

DenmarkDenmark

Czech Republic Czech Republic

Belgium GRBelgium GR

Belgium FLBelgium FL

Belgium FRBelgium FR

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Junior packs

Senior packs

Associate and Collaborating CountriesAssociate and Collaborating Countries

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentMicrobesMicrobes

About micro organisms?About micro organisms?

The difference between bacteria, The difference between bacteria, virus and fungi?virus and fungi?

About good and bad microbes?About good and bad microbes?

That microbes are found That microbes are found everywhere everywhere

There are different species of There are different species of bacteriabacteria

CZ FR GB EL IT PL

Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included

• Children are taught about microbes at both Children are taught about microbes at both Junior and Senior schoolsJunior and Senior schools

• With the exception of France and Great Britain, With the exception of France and Great Britain, children are taught about the different types of children are taught about the different types of microbes in both Junior and Senior Schoolsmicrobes in both Junior and Senior Schools

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentMicrobesMicrobes

The importance of hand hygiene?The importance of hand hygiene?

How to wash their hands properly?How to wash their hands properly?

That microbes can spread via That microbes can spread via unclean hands?unclean hands?

The difference between clean and The difference between clean and sterile ?sterile ?

When to wash their hands, before When to wash their hands, before eating, etc?eating, etc?

CZ FR GB EL IT PL

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentHand HygieneHand Hygiene

Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentHand HygieneHand Hygiene

• All countries include structured hand hygiene in All countries include structured hand hygiene in the curriculum of both Junior and Senior schoolsthe curriculum of both Junior and Senior schools

• All countries teach that disease can spread via All countries teach that disease can spread via unclean handsunclean hands

• None of the countries teach the recommended 8 None of the countries teach the recommended 8 steps of hand washing at Junior school levelsteps of hand washing at Junior school level

Curriculum ContentCurriculum Contentrespiratory hygienerespiratory hygiene

The difference between a cold/flu?The difference between a cold/flu?

That a virus causes the flu?That a virus causes the flu?

That sneezing can spread germs?That sneezing can spread germs?

To cover their mouth when they To cover their mouth when they sneeze?sneeze?

Why they should do this?Why they should do this?

CZ FR GB EL IT PL

Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentrespiratory hygienerespiratory hygiene

• All countries teach the importance of covering All countries teach the importance of covering the mouth and nose when sneezingthe mouth and nose when sneezing

• All countries teach that disease can spread via All countries teach that disease can spread via sneezingsneezing

• The difference between the cold/flu is only The difference between the cold/flu is only taught in senior schools with the exception of taught in senior schools with the exception of Greece and PolandGreece and Poland

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentAntibiotic useAntibiotic use

Antibiotics kill bacteria Antibiotics kill bacteria

Antibiotics do not kill viruses Antibiotics do not kill viruses

Antibiotics also kill the good bacteria Antibiotics also kill the good bacteria

Antibiotics do not cure the cough/fluAntibiotics do not cure the cough/flu

The importance of finishing a course of The importance of finishing a course of antibiotics antibiotics

Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics

How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a problem in hospitals problem in hospitals

CZ FR GB EL IT PL

Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included

Curriculum contentCurriculum contentAntibiotic useAntibiotic use

• All countries teach that antibiotics are used to All countries teach that antibiotics are used to treat infectiontreat infection

• Detail of education on antibiotics varies across Detail of education on antibiotics varies across EuropeEurope

• Education on antibiotic resistance is limited Education on antibiotic resistance is limited across Europe across Europe

• Only 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic Only 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic resistance is a serious problemresistance is a serious problem

Where e-Bug fits into the CurriculumWhere e-Bug fits into the Curriculum

ScienceScienceScienceScienceSpainSpain

ScienceScienceScienceSciencePortugalPortugal

ReligionReligion

PerioPerio

ScienceScienceScienceSciencePolandPoland

ScienceScienceScienceScienceItalyItaly

ScienceScienceScienceScienceGreeceGreece

PSHEPSHE

BiologyBiologyScienceScienceScienceScienceGreat BritainGreat Britain

ScienceScienceScienceScienceFranceFrance

ScienceScienceScienceScienceDenmarkDenmark

Homeland studyHomeland study

ChemistryChemistry

BiologyBiologyScienceScienceScienceScience**Czech RepublicCzech Republic

ScienceScienceScienceScienceBelgiumBelgium

PrimaryPrimary SecondarySecondary

* And in Slovenia, Slovakia and Latvia science (natural and social) account for the largest portion of time in the curriculum.

Availability of computer access in schools

0

20

40

60

80

100

Belgium CzechRep

France GB Greece Italy Poland

Junior schools Computer access Junior schools Broadband

Senior schools Computer access Senior schools Broadband

IT InformationIT Information

* * Mostly dial up connectionMostly dial up connection

(:) Information unknown(:) Information unknown

(:)(:) (:)(:)** **

a)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsuse and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European campaignsDetails of other pan-European campaigns

1(b) Public Campaigns1(b) Public Campaigns

• We asked AP’s to provide details of national public We asked AP’s to provide details of national public campaigns in:campaigns in:

• Hand WashingHand Washing• Antibiotics Antibiotics • Respiratory HygieneRespiratory Hygiene

• Campaigns categorised into target audienceCampaigns categorised into target audience::• Health Service Health Service • General PublicGeneral Public• School aged childrenSchool aged children

Overall SummaryOverall Summary

• Details of 58 CampaignsDetails of 58 Campaigns– Deep information websitesDeep information websites

• Focusing on detailed informationFocusing on detailed information

– Message based campaignsMessage based campaigns • Focusing on a small number of key pointsFocusing on a small number of key points

ExamplesExamples

• What types of media are being used for What types of media are being used for campaigns?campaigns?

• For each topicFor each topic• Who are campaigns aimed at?Who are campaigns aimed at?• What are common messages?What are common messages?

MediaMedia

Poster Poster

Folder / PackFolder / Pack

CDCD

WebsiteWebsite

TVTV

NoveltiesNovelties

LeafletsLeaflets

RadioRadio

NewspaperNewspaper

EventEvent

BookBook

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns

Hand Washing VisualsHand Washing Visuals

Hand Washing VisualsHand Washing Visuals

Hand Washing – WhoHand Washing – Who

Health ServiceHealth Service

General Public (adult)General Public (adult)

School AgedSchool Aged

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Targets this audience Does not target this audience

Hand Washing Hand Washing MessagesMessages

Wash to avoid infection spreadWash to avoid infection spread

Wash your hands (without reason)Wash your hands (without reason)

Hand Washing TechniqueHand Washing Technique

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns

Hand Washing Hand Washing SlogansSlogans

• The Infections Stop Here (FR)The Infections Stop Here (FR)

• Hands Carry the Infections (FR)Hands Carry the Infections (FR)

• Progress Passes Through You (FR)Progress Passes Through You (FR)

• Wash Your HandsWash Your Hands

• Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG)Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG)

• Summer in good hands (BELG)Summer in good hands (BELG)

• Together we can fight infection (UK)Together we can fight infection (UK)

• Hands up for hygiene (UK)Hands up for hygiene (UK)

• Don’t cross them, wash them (UK)Don’t cross them, wash them (UK)

Hand Washing Hand Washing Slogans Slogans

““a simple gesture can limit the risk of infectiona simple gesture can limit the risk of infection” (FR)” (FR)

Hand Washing - SlogansHand Washing - Slogans

““Hands up for hygiene” (UK)Hands up for hygiene” (UK)

Antibiotics VisualsAntibiotics Visuals

Antibiotics VisualsAntibiotics Visuals

Antibiotics Antibiotics Who Who

Health ServiceHealth Service

General Public (adult)General Public (adult)

School AgedSchool Aged

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns

Antibiotics Antibiotics MessagesMessages

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Use antibiotics for right things Use antibiotics for right things

Always finish your courseAlways finish your course

Preserve effective antibioticsPreserve effective antibiotics

Don’t overuse antibioticsDon’t overuse antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistanceAntimicrobial resistance

Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns

Antibiotics SlogansAntibiotics Slogans

• Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG)Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG)

• Use them for the right reason (BELG)Use them for the right reason (BELG)

• Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR)Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR)

• Don’t Wear Me Out (UK)Don’t Wear Me Out (UK)

• Ask about your antibiotics (UK)Ask about your antibiotics (UK)

• Antibiotics Don’t Work on ColdsAntibiotics Don’t Work on Colds

• ““Safe Drugs” (POL)Safe Drugs” (POL)

Respiratory Hygiene - VisualsRespiratory Hygiene - Visuals

Respiratory Hygiene - VisualsRespiratory Hygiene - Visuals

Respiratory Hygiene - WhoRespiratory Hygiene - Who

Health ServiceHealth Service

General Public (adult)General Public (adult)

School AgedSchool Aged

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Targets this audience Doesn’t Target this audience

Respiratory Hygiene Respiratory Hygiene MessagesMessages

Get your vaccinationGet your vaccination

Cold / flu informationCold / flu information

Sinus infection informationSinus infection information

BG FR GB EL IT PL

Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns

Respiratory Hygiene Respiratory Hygiene SlogansSlogans

• Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR)Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR)

• Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK)Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK)

• Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA)Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA)

Often, no repeated or iconic ‘slogans’Often, no repeated or iconic ‘slogans’

Mainly information focusedMainly information focused

Section 1(b) - SummarySection 1(b) - Summary

• No overall ‘European’ look of campaignsNo overall ‘European’ look of campaigns

• No single defining characters or slogansNo single defining characters or slogans

• Lack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils Lack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils in antibiotics usagein antibiotics usage

• Lack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus Lack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus on spread of infectionon spread of infection

a)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsuse and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European campaignsDetails of other pan-European campaigns

1(c) Patterns of…1(c) Patterns of…

• We asked AP’s to give us details of We asked AP’s to give us details of patterns of:patterns of:

• Antibiotic UsageAntibiotic Usage• Population DynamicsPopulation Dynamics• InfectionInfection

• Focus on important results for e-BugFocus on important results for e-Bug• Differences between countriesDifferences between countries• Important messagesImportant messages• Interesting resultsInteresting results

Antibiotic AvailabilityAntibiotic Availability

• In all countries, antibiotics only available In all countries, antibiotics only available with prescriptionwith prescription

Exception: Greece allows prescription and Exception: Greece allows prescription and over counter over counter

UK and Poland allow very UK and Poland allow very limited topical limited topical

antibiotic OTCantibiotic OTC

Antibiotics - AdvertisingAntibiotics - Advertising

• Across all countries, no advertising to Across all countries, no advertising to publicpublic

Exception: Czech Republic, where advertising Exception: Czech Republic, where advertising allowed in all media allowed in all media

Antibiotics - UsageAntibiotics - Usage

• Reasons for over-prescribingReasons for over-prescribing– Patient pressurePatient pressure

– CautionCaution• Including the inability to properly diagnose.Including the inability to properly diagnose.

– Socio-cultural factorsSocio-cultural factors

Population DynamicsPopulation Dynamics

• Across Europe there is a significant mix of raceAcross Europe there is a significant mix of race• In e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human In e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human

characterscharacters

• The national language is taught to all citizensThe national language is taught to all citizens• No need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any No need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any

countrycountry

Exception: BelgiumException: Belgium

Patterns of InfectionPatterns of Infection

• No strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a wholeNo strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a whole

• Individual countries may have pack tailored to Individual countries may have pack tailored to their country’s recent outbreaks.their country’s recent outbreaks.

a)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsthe use and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European school education Details of other pan-European school education campaignscampaigns

StakeholdersStakeholders

• During pack developmentDuring pack development• Ministries of HealthMinistries of Health• Ministries of Education Ministries of Education • Schools / TeachersSchools / Teachers

• For Pack ImplementationFor Pack Implementation• Schools / teachers Schools / teachers • Education ShowsEducation Shows• Outreach ProgrammesOutreach Programmes• Microbiological SocietiesMicrobiological Societies

a)a) The science school curriculum content associate The science school curriculum content associate partner countriespartner countries

b)b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websitesexisting websites

c)c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and culturescountries customs and cultures

d)d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packsuse and dissemination of the packs

e)e) Details of other pan-European campaignsDetails of other pan-European campaigns

Pan European CampaignsPan European Campaigns

• Healthy CitiesHealthy Cities• www.healthycities.org www.healthycities.org

• Help For a life without tobaccoHelp For a life without tobacco• www.en.help-eu.com www.en.help-eu.com

• European Sexual Awareness eventsEuropean Sexual Awareness events• www.essm.org www.essm.org

• Red Cross European Road Safety CampaignRed Cross European Road Safety Campaign• www.1-life.info/2003/info/ www.1-life.info/2003/info/

Pan European Education Pan European Education CampaignsCampaigns

• CALIBRATECALIBRATE• supporting the collaborative use and exchange of supporting the collaborative use and exchange of

learning resources in schools learning resources in schools

• EurydiceEurydice• Information network on education in EuropeInformation network on education in Europe

• EuropaEuropa• Higher education in EuropeHigher education in Europe

• InsightInsight• Examining e-learning across EuropeExamining e-learning across Europe

• My EuropeMy Europe• Community of over 6000 schools learning about what it Community of over 6000 schools learning about what it

means to be Europeanmeans to be European

Thank you Thank you Any comments?Any comments?