+ All Categories
Home > Documents > e Governance Documentation

e Governance Documentation

Date post: 10-Jan-2016
Category:
Upload: vinoth
View: 6 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
Description:
a

of 73

Transcript

1

e-governance

1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECTThis project is entitled as e-governance which mainly focuses on monitoring of government activities on online. It is entirely a new idea and it made quite easier for the end user (public). This concept completely eliminates the drawbacks in the normal workflow of the Government. So that the common people can get lot of benefit due to this methodology.

This e-governance acts as an interface between the common people and the Government. At first, people can register their details and they can select their department which they want to interact directly with the Government.

This idea gives way for easy communication and co-ordination between the public and the Government in an efficient manner.

e-governance is a form of e-business in governance comprising of processes and structures involved in deliverance of electronic services to the public, viz. citizens. It also involves collaborating with business partners of the government by conducting electronic transactions with them.

2.1 EXISTING SYTEM

In existing system the public sector as number of problems to maintain their workflow the Government officials have to process the individuals records about their department with full of papers.

Limitations of existing system

It is full of paper work.

Seeking particular record is very tedious process.

It is not easy to communicate the concern Government official for urgent situation.

People have to spend their time to meet the concern department.

There is no enquiry session about the particular department the existing system.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The new approach e-governance is mainly designed for eliminating the demerits of the existing system and made their complex process in to simple one. Basically our approach is fully computerized one so that maintain of all these records is quite easy and secured manner.

Advantages of proposed System:

It is fully supportive to the Government official and made their job easier one.

It avoids occupying full of storage area and tones of paper.

It is very easy to operate so that each and every individual can register their details and use it without any doubt.

User can also able to give the feedback about government plans and policies.

User information can always in the server so that individual care is taken for each and every citizen of the country.

2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTSOperating System Windows 2000 and Advance

Coding Environment Notepad

Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003

Animation Software Macromedia Flash MX

Windows Movie Maker

Web Browser Internet Explorer 6.0

Netscape Navigator

Front End C# and ASP.NET

HTML

Back EndMs-Access-2000

Scripting LanguageJava-Script

Web ServerInternet Information Service

2.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTSProcessorIntel Pentium III or higher

Random Access Memory256 MB

Secondary Memory100 MB

Display14 Color Monitor

Keyboard101 key standard keyboard

MouseWindows OS Compatible

3.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM

3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and transformations are applied as data moves from input to output. The DFD is also known as data flow graph or a bubble chart.

A level 0 DFD, also called a fundamental system model or a context model, represents the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows, respectively as the level 0 DFD is partitioned to reveal more detail.

Home page Data Flow Diagram

Data flow diagram for new user registration

Data flow diagram for Login page

Data flow diagram for Feedback page

Data flow diagram for water tax department

Data flow diagram for details module in water tax department

Data flow diagram for payment module in water tax department

Data flow diagram for status module in water tax department

Data flow diagram for house tax department

Data flow diagram for details module in house tax department

Data flow diagram for payment module in house tax department

Data flow diagram for status module in house tax department

Data flow diagram for telephone department

Data flow diagram for details module in telephone department

Data flow diagram for payment module in telephone department

Data flow diagram for status module in telephone department

Data flow diagram for logout

3.3 E-R DIAGRAM

E-R diagram for Registration Form

E-R Diagram for Login Form

E-R diagram for Telephone Module

E-R diagram for Electricity Module

E-R diagram for Birth Certificate

E-R diagram for Death Certificate

DATA DESIGN

Database

Database is the central data store for all datas like customer information, needed details for each and every department and payment information.

Tables

DescriptionRegistrationThis table stores the need information about the users.

LoginThis table stores the user id and password for each and every user.

FeedbackThis table contains the feedback details about the side.

Birth detailsThis table contains the needed information about the birth certificate for registration.

Death detailsThis table contains the need information about the death certificate for registration.

Eb detailsThis table contains the need information about the electricity details for each and every user.

Eb payThis table contains the payment information to electricity board for each user.

House detailsThis table contains the needed information about the house tax details for each and every user.

House payThis table contains the payment information to house tax department for each user.

Phone details This table contains the needed information about the telephone details for each and every user.

Phone payThis table contains the payment information to telephone department for each user.

Water detailsThis table contains the needed information about the water tax details for each and every user

Water payThis table contains the payment information to water tax department for each user.

Table NameRegistration

DescriptionThis table stores the need information about the users.

Primary Keyusername

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the unique user

PasswordText20To login to the account

Confirm passwordText 20To login to the account

Question Text50To find the particular user incase forgot the password and username.

AnswerText20

NameText25Customer name

Date of birthDateBirth date

SexText8To identify the gender

OccupationText20To identify the job

AddressText100Contact details of the particular user.

Phone numberNumber12

Mobile numberNumber12

MailNumber50

Table NameLogin

DescriptionThis table stores the user id and password for each and every user.

Primary Keyusername

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the unique user

PasswordText20To login to the account

QuestionText50To find the particular user incase forgot the password and username

AnswerText20

Mobile numberNumber12

MailText50

Table NameWater details

DescriptionThis table contains the needed information about the water tax details for each and every user

Primary KeyWater tax no

Field NameData Type SizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the user

House tax noText12Need for reference

Water tax noText12To identify the unique record

NameText 20Customer name

AddressText100Contact address

AmountNumber10Water tax amount

Last payment dateDate

ApprovalText5States whether the details is approved or not

Table NameEb details

DescriptionThis table contains the need information about the electricity details for each and every user.

Primary KeyEB Number

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the user

EB NumberText12To identify the particular record.

NameText20Customer name

AddressText10Contact address

Meter numberText12Details needed by the electricity department to identify the correct record

Connection typeText15

PurposeText12

Last readingNumber10

Last payment dateDate

Approval Text5States whether the details is approved or not

Table NamePhone Details

DescriptionThis table contains the needed information about the telephone details for each and every user.

Primary KeyPhone number

Field Name Data Type Size Description

User nameText20To identify the user.

NameText20Customer name

AddressText100Contact address

Phone numberNumber8Unique Contact number

Area codeNumber6Phone numbers area code

Connection facilityText10Type of phone connection

Last payment dateDate

ApprovalText5States whether the details is approved or not

Table NameHouse Details

DescriptionThis table contains the needed information about the house tax details for each and every user.

Primary KeyHouse tax no

Field NameData Type SizeDescription

Username Text20To identify the user.

Patta noText10Details needed by the house tax department to identify the correct record

Patta registered atText10

Patta registered toText 10

Patta registered dateDate

Square feetText10

No of floorsText12

House tax noText12Unique identify number

AddressText100 Contact address

AmountNumber10House tax amount

Last payment dateDate

ApprovalText5States whether the details is approved or not

Table NameFeed back

DescriptionThis table contains the feedback details about the side.

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

TypeText20It tells the type of feed back

DepartmentText20Feed back about which department

CommentsText200Comments are stored

NameText20Name of the person

MailText50Contact details

Phone numberNumber12

Table NameBirth details

DescriptionThis table contains the needed information about the birth certificate for registration.

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the user

NameText20Name for birth certificate

SexText8Gender

Date of birthDateBirth date

PlaceText20Place of birth

Father nameText 20Name of the father

Mother nameText20Name of the mother

Hospital nameText20Birth hospital

Doctor nameText20Name of the doctor.

Registration dateDateDate of registration

ReadyText8Status of the birth certificate

Table NameDeath details

DescriptionThis table contains the needed information about the death certificate for registration.

Field NameData TypeSizeDescription

UsernameText20To identify the user

NameText20Name for birth certificate

SexText8Gender

Date of deathDateDeath date

PlaceText20Place of birth

Father nameText 20Name of the father

Mother nameText20Name of the mother

Registration dateDateDate of registration

ReadyText8Status of the death certificate

Table NameEB pay

DescriptionThis table contains the payment information to electricity board for each user.

Primary KeyEB number

Field NameData Type Size Description

UsernameText20To identify the user

EB numberText12To identify the unique record

Current readingNumber8Current reading

MonthText15Payment for the month

Year Number5Payment for the year

AmountNumber10Amount for electricity

From BankText20Name of the customer bank

From accountText12Account number of the customer

AmountNumber10Amount want to transfer

To BankText20Name of the bank to transfer

To accountText12Account number to transfer

AmountNumber 10Amount to transfer

Last payment dateDate

TransferText5States whether the money is transferred or not

Table NameHouse pay

DescriptionThis table contains the payment information to house tax department for each user.

Primary KeyHouse tax no

Field NameData Type Size Description

UsernameText20To identify the user

House tax noText12To identify the unique record

Year Number5Payment for the year

AmountNumber10House tax amount

From BankText20Name of the customer bank

From accountText12Account number of the customer

AmountNumber10Amount want to transfer

To BankText20Name of the bank to transfer

To accountText12Account number to transfer

AmountNumber 10Amount to transfer

Last payment dateDate

TransferText5States whether the money is transferred or not

Table NamePhone pay

DescriptionThis table contains the payment information to telephone department for each user.

Primary KeyPhone number

Field NameData Type Size Description

UsernameText20To identify the user

Phone numberNumber12To identify the unique record

Area codeNumber8Area code of the phone

MonthText15Payment for the month

Year Number5Payment for the year

AmountNumber10Amount for telephone department

From BankText20Name of the customer bank

From accountText12Account number of the customer

AmountNumber10Amount want to transfer

To BankText20Name of the bank to transfer

To accountText12Account number to transfer

AmountNumber 10Amount to transfer

Last payment dateDate

TransferText5States whether the money is transferred or not

Table NameWater pay

DescriptionThis table contains the payment information to water tax department for each user.

Primary KeyWater tax no

Field NameData Type Size Description

UsernameText20To identify the user

Water tax noNumber12To identify the unique record

MonthText15Payment for the month

Year Number5Payment for the year

AmountNumber10Water tax amount

From BankText20Name of the customer bank

From accountText12Account number of the customer

AmountNumber10Amount want to transfer

To BankText20Name of the bank to transfer

To accountText12Account number to transfer

AmountNumber 10Amount to transfer

Last payment dateDate

TransferText5States whether the money is transferred or not

DETAILED DESIGN

5.1 MODULES IN THE PROJECT

To enter into e-governance

Login module

Registration module

Those who are already had the membership they may enter

Telephone module

Electricity module

Water tax module

House tax module

Birth certificate module

Death certificate module

To post user comments about e-governance

Feedback module

5.2 DESCRIPTION ABOUT MODULESLogin module

To enter into the e-governance, the user must have username and password.

Registration module

To get the membership into the e-governance, the user must give his/her valid details into registration form.

Electricity module

e-governance completely changes the normal workflow of electricity department. The website facilitates the user by providing three different modules. They are

Details

Payment

Status

Details

This module allows the user to post their details about electricity.

Payment

If the details are accepted and if valid then e-governance allows for the payment.

Status

Status module allows the user to know their status by whether their details are get approved by e-governance server or not and to know the past payment details.

Telephone module

e-governance completely changes the normal workflow of telephone department. The website facilitates the user by providing three different modules. They are

Details

Payment

Status

Details

This module allows the user to post their details about telephone.

Payment

If the details are accepted and if valid then e-governance allows for the payment.

Status

Status module allows the user to know their status by whether their details are get approved by e-governance server or not and to know the past payment details.

House tax module

e-governance completely changes the normal workflow of house tax department. The website facilitates the user by providing three different modules. They are

Details

Payment

Status

Details

This module allows the user to post their details about house tax.

Payment

If the details are accepted and if valid then e-governance allows for the payment.

Status

Status module allows the user to know their status by whether their details are get approved by e-governance server or not and to know the past payment details.

Water tax module

e-governance completely changes the normal workflow of water tax department. The website facilitates the user by providing three different modules. They are

Details

Payment

Status

Details

This module allows the user to post their details about water tax.

Payment

If the details are accepted and if valid then e-governance allows for the payment.

Status

Status module allows the user to know their status by whether their details are get approved by e-governance server or not and to know the past payment details.

Birth certificate

It gets the necessary details for the birth certificate and also shows the status of the birth certificate.

Death certificate

It gets the necessary information for the death certificate and also shows the status of the death certificate.

6.1 TESTINGTesting

During system testing the system is used experimental to ensure that software does not fail. System testing check the readiness and accuracy of the system to access update and retrieve data from new file. Once the program data available. Test data are read into the computer and process against the file provided for testing. If successful the program is they run with LIVE data otherwise a diagnostic procedure is used to locate and correct errors in the program. Once the code is written it should be tested rigorously for correctness of the code and result. Testing may involve the individual units and the whole system. It requires a detailed plan as to what, and how to test.System Testing

The proposed system is tested parallel with the software effort that consists of its own phases of analysis, implementation, testing and maintenance.

Unit Testing

Unit testing comprises the set of tests performed by an individual programmer prior to integration of the unit into a large system.

Coding and debugging => unit testing => integration testing.

There are four categories of tests should be performed.

Functional testing

Performance testing

Stress testing

Structure testing

Function test cases involve exercising the code with the nominal input values for which the expected results are known, as well as boundary values maximum. Performance testing determines the amount of execution spent in various parts of the unit program throughput, response time and device utilization by the program unit.Stress tests are those tests designing to initially break the unit.Structure tests are con concerned with exercising the internal logic of a program and traversing particular execution path.Establishing a test completion criterion is another difficulty encountered in the unit testing of real programs. Unit testing includes.

Statement converge

Branch converge

Logical path converge

Using statement converge programmer attempts each statement in a program at least once.

Using branch converge as the test completion criterion the programmer attempts to find a set of cases that will execute each branching statement in each direction at least once.Logical path converge acknowledges that the order in which the branches are executed during a test is an important factor in determining the test outcome.

Integration Testing

Integration testing is of three types.

Bottom up integration

Top down integration

Sandwich integration

Bottom up integration testing consists of unit testing followed by system testing. Unit testing has the goal of testing individual modules in the system. Subsystems testing are concerned with verifying the operation of the interfaces between modules in the sub systems.

System testing is concerned with subtitles in the interfaces, decision logic, control flow recovery procedure, throughput, capacity and timing characteristics.

Top down integration starts with the main routine and one or two immediately subordinate routines in the system structure. Top down integration requires the use of program stubs to simulate the effect of lower level routines that are called by those being tested.Top down method has the following advantages.

System integration is distributed through the implementation phase. Modules are integrated as they are developed. Top level interfaces are tested first and mist often.

The top level routine provides natural test hardness for lower level routines.

Errors are localized to the new modules and interfaces that are being added.Sandwich integration is predominately top down, but bottom up techniques are used on some modules and sub system. This mix alleviates many of the problems encountered in pure top down and retains the advantages of the top down integration at the subsystem and system level.As the application server is been installed the project is ready for testing. The testing is done on the server itself. The files from the server are accessed using the HTTP installed in the server. The files retrieved from the server are either shown or the errors i.e. the 401 and 404 are shown on the browser depending on the request.6.2 SCREEN SHOTS

e-governance home page. Existing user can give their username and password to use the service provided by e-governance.

e-governance department page. In this page links provide for various departments of Government.

Electricity details form. In this form user can enter the electricity information.

Status page of the electricity department. It shows the payment details.

Payment form for electricity department.

Telephone details form

Telephone status form

Page to find STD codes

Page to know the emergency telephone numbers

Telephone payment form

House tax details form

House tax status form

House tax payment form

Water tax details form

Birth certificate entry form

Death certificate entry form

Feedback form

New user registration form

About the website

Contact us page

Logout page

7.1 CONCLUSION

It is sure that the concept of e-governance is completely reducing the burden of common people. It facilitates the people by reducing the money, time, etc.

It is the peoples website; each and every citizen of the country can get the membership with his/her true details.

This approach reduce the de-merits of the government workflow and made into a computerized one. Due to this, it gives lot of job opportunity of computer professional to make Government as e-governance.

We hope that this idea enter doors of each and every citizen and become the stars of everyones heart.

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

e-governance is basic idea of communicating with common people. Some of future enhancement may be as follows.

Online receipt for payments of various departments will be issued.

Dealing with all the government departments.

Feedback about the recent plans and policies of the government.

Implementation of the concept of e-voting.

Concentrating the security mechanism to protect the individual data.

User comments can be taken into an account and immediately appropriate action should be made.

BIBILOGRAPHY

Book Reference

1. Programming in c#.net

-Julica case Bradly, Anita c.Millspaugh.

2. Unleashed in ASP.net

-K.S. Peter Kane, Millan.J.Paul.

3. Introduction to HTML

- Danish F.Garbel

Website Reference

1. www.tn.gov.in2. www.mhhe.com/cit/program/bradley/csharp3. www.tamilnadu.gov.in4. www.ap.gov.inAPPENDIX ASoftwares used in project

Front End C# and ASP.NET

HTML

Back EndMs-Access-2000

Scripting LanguageJava-Script

C# and ASP.NET

.NET is an application development platform centered on the internet. The main advantage of this platform lies in the fact that the all-important data is available to the user from anywhere, and at any time, using a .NET compatible device. .NET is primarily made up of three components

Microsoft.NET products and services

.NET platform itself

3rd party .NET services

The .NET platform is based on two core technologies- XML and the suite of internet protocols. Microsoft.NET allows developers to develop applications using different languages, which run on the windows platform.

Evolution of ASP.NET

The first beta version of ASP was coded named Denali. Denali allowed the developer to execute code within a webpage. Advanced functions could be performed using ActiveX data object. The next version of ASP was ASP1.0, which was available as an add-on to IIS 3.0. The next version ASP 2.0, come as a part of windows NT 4.0. Then, ASP 3.0 was introduced which came along with Windows 2000.The latest version of ASP is ASP.NET. ASP.NET has come to us along with the .NET framework. ASP.net is an object oriented server side scripting tool. Hence, it facilitates easy development of object oriented and granulized code.

Advantages of ASP.NET

ASP.NET supports strongly typed languages like VB, C# and much more.

ASP.NET pages get complied instead of being interpreted, thus their execution speed is faster than ASP pages.

ASP.NET pages are tidier than ASP pages. The code can be separated from the HTML design and text. Thus, programmers can work separately from the designer.

ASP.NET provides server controls that are declarative. You just have to declare them and you can use them. Thus, the number of lines of code to be written is reduced.

ASP.NET supports re-use of code by the mechanism if inheritance. For example, you can inherit C# classes and use them to provide the required functionality.Features of ASP.NET

ASP.NET can recognize the type of browser the client is using and accordingly display the content to the client. For example, if the client uses an Up level browser (I.E >4.0 version), then the validation is performed on the client-side and on the server-side. However, if the client is using a down-level browser, then the validation is performed only on the server-side.

ASP.NET improves performance by using server-side caching. It allows you to cache the entire output of a page for re-use by other clients.

ASP.NET functionality can be coded using different languages like C# or VB.NET. However, only one language can be used for coding in a single page.

ASP.NET objects

ObjectDescription

RequestThis object is used to retrieve information sent in a request from the client browser to the server. The request object reads and extracts the parameters sent through the HTTP request when the Submit button is pressed. When the user submits a form, the data contained within the input controls is sent along with the form.

ResponseThis object is used to send data from the server back to the client browser.

ApplicationThe application object is used to share application-level information. That is, it maintains a set of variables for the entire application that can be shared by all the users accessing the application.

SessionThis object is used to store information for a particular user between page calls.

ServerThis object is used to access the resources on the server. For example, components created and installed on the server.

ObjectContextThis object is used to control transaction processing. When using the Microsoft Transaction Server, this object can be used to commit or abort a transaction.

The @Page directive is used to specify attributes that affect the code in the ASPX page. There are two types of server controls.

HTML controls

Web controls

All event procedures receive two arguments from the events

The event sender

The class instance that holds data for the event.

There are four sets of controls in ASP.NET

Intrinsic Controls

List Controls

Rich Controls

Validation Controls

ASP.NET provides three intrinsic controls for entering text. They are as follows.

Single Line Entry

Multi Line Entry

Password Entry

There are four controls in ASP.NET that can be used to navigate between pages or move control out to a specified page. Button

LinkButton

ImageButton

Hyperlink

The process of checking whether the user has filled up a form in the right format and has not left any fields black is called validation.

The validation controls available are as follows.

Validation controlsDescription

RequiredFieldValidatorThis helps in ensuring that a value is entered for a field.

CompareValidatorThis field checks if the value of a control is similar to the value of another control

RangeValidatorThis checks if the value entered in a control is in the specified range of values.

RegularExpression

ValidatorThis checks if the value entered fits the regular expression that is specified

CustomValidatorThe value entered is checked by a client side or server side function created by user

ValidationSummaryA list of all the validation errors occurring in all the controls is created and can be displayed on the page.

HTMLStructure of the HTML document

Every HTML document begins with the tag. This tag indicates that what follows is an HTML document. Two sections follows the they are

Head Section

Body Section

Head section

The head section is used to specify the title of the document. It begins with the tag. This is followed by the tag, which in turn is followed by the title of the document. Note that the tile only for out information and will be displayed on the title bar of the browser. The title ends with the End tag. To the head section, the tag is used.

Body section

This section contains the document itself. The body section begins with the tag followed by the text of the document. It ends with the end tag. The last line of the document is the end tag which indicates the end of the HTML document.Some Important tags

Tag

This tag is used to add a gif or jpeg files into the web page the image tag is always given with SRC attribute which specifies the name of the image file.

Frames

Frames can be created by using the and the tags. They do not have the body tag. Instead they have a tage. Two attributes are used with the tag to specify its size. They are cols and rows.

MS-ACCESS

A database is a collection of information that's related to a particular subject or purpose, such as tracking customer orders or maintaining a music collection. If your database isn't stored on a computer, or only parts of it are, you may be tracking information from a variety of sources that you're having to coordinate and organize yourself.

For example, suppose the phone numbers of your suppliers are stored in various locations: in a card file containing supplier phone numbers, in product information files in a file cabinet, and in a spreadsheet containing order information. If a supplier's phone number changes, you might have to update that information in all three places. In a database, however, you only have to update that information in one place the supplier's phone number is automatically updated wherever you use it in the database

Create an Access database

Microsoft Access provides two methods to create an Access database. You can use a Database Wizard to create in one operation the required tables, forms, and reports for the type of database you choose this is the easiest way to start creating your database. Or you can create a blank database and then add the tables, forms, reports, and other objects later this is the most flexible method, but it requires you to define each database element separately. Either way, you can modify and extend your database at any time after it has been created.About creating a table

To create a blank (empty) table for entering your own data, you can:

Use the Table Wizard to choose the fields for your table from a variety of predefined tables such as business contacts, household inventory, or medical records.

Create a table in Design view, where you can add fields, define how each field appears or handles data, and create a primary key.

Enter data directly into a blank datasheet. When you save the new datasheet, Microsoft Access will analyze your data and automatically assign the appropriate data type and format for each field.

To create a table from existing data, you can:

Import or link data from another Access database or data in a variety of file formats from other programs.

Perform a make-table query to create a table based on data in a current table. For example, you can use make-table queries to archive old records, to make backup copies of your tables, to select a group of records to export to another database, or to use as a basis for reports that display data from a specific time.Security Zones in Access

This is a new security feature available in Microsoft Access 2002. Access uses the Microsoft Internet Explorer Security Manager to determine whether a remote database is located within a trusted security zone. The Internet Explorer Security Manager is available through Internet Explorer 4.0 and later versions

There are different strategies for controlling the level of access to your Microsoft Access database and its objects. These strategies are briefly described below and are roughly arranged from least to most secure.JAVA SCRIPTWhere Does JavaScript Fit In?

Navigator 2.0 is the most powerful version of Netscape's Web browser. Besides bringing together a collection of useful Internet-access tools, such as a mail client, a news reader, and improved support for the developing HTML 3 standard, Navigator 2.0 adds several features that enhance the ability of Web authors to develop complete, platform-independent applications deployed and executed in the Netscape browser. Going beyond the Web browser, Navigator Gold adds editing and development tools to the package.

These capabilities include an applications programmer's interface (API) for plug-ins. Plug-ins are program modules that dynamically extend the capability of Navigator 2.0 to handle new types of data and information, along with JavaScript and Java, which allow the addition of flexible progammability to Web pages.

In this chapter we also take a detailed look at the main features and aspects of JavaScript, as well as review the major strengths and weaknesses of the JavaScript language and its suitability to particular tasks.

We then dive deeper into objects and how they work and take a look at properties and methodsthe building blocks of objects. We also look at the built-in objects in JavaScript and what they offer the programmer.

In this chapter we take a broad look at Navigator 2.0 and consider how JavaScript fits into the puzzle. You'll learn about the following topics:

Frames: The ability to divide a window into multiple, independent sections

Plug-ins: Third party add-ons for Navigator 2.0 that extend the browser's ability to handle new data and information

Java: An object-oriented programming language for distributed applications

JavaScript: A simple, object-based programming language incorporated into Navigator 2.0 (and the subject of this book)

The similarities and differences between Java and JavaScript

JavaScript as a scripting language

Objects, properties, and methods

The Navigator object hierarchy and other built-in objects

Strengths and weaknesses of JavaScript

Java and JavaScript: Compare and Contrast

Given the tremendous popularity of Java since its introduction in 1995, it is important to take a look at the differences between Java and JavaScript. Although they are relatedJavaScript borrows most of Java's syntax, for instancethey are fundamentally different and serve different purposes. They are complementary rather than competing with each other.

Using Java: A Complex, Complete Object-Oriented Programming Language

Java is much more than a language for developing Web-based applications. It is designed to compete in a market of full-fledged, general-purpose programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal and FORTRAN. Unlike its predecessors, Java's claims to fame include the fact that it is platform-independent and that it can be used for both applications development and the development of in-line applets, or small applications, for Web pages.

Like C++ and Smalltalk, Java is object-oriented and relies heavily on the syntax and style of C++. With this comes the steep learning curve of a high-end object-oriented programming language.

A Compiled Language

Unlike most other general-purpose programming languages, Java is not compiled in the traditional sense. Instead of compiling to native machine code, the Java compiler converts source code into Java byte codes (known as architecture-neutral byte-codes)a platform-independent representation of the Java program codewhich are then run on a machine-dependent runtime interpreter. In this way, developers only need to develop and maintain one set of source code and compile it once, and the code can then be run using the runtime interpreters for any machine.

Like all compiled languages, though, this adds the complexity of a compilation cycle to development and, especially, debugging. However, to a certain degree like other compiled languages, an efficient runtime engine means that Java should offer better performance than general-purpose interpreted scripting languages.

Fully Extensible

A fundamental feature of true object-oriented languages is that they are extensible. That is, programmers can create their own classesor groupings of objects and data structuresto extend the basic classes that are part of the programming languages.

APPENDIX BUSE CASE DIAGRAM

Telephone

Department

Water Tax

Department

Registration

Municipality

Electricity Department

House Tax

Department

e-governance

SERVER

USER

House Tax Department

Water Tax Department

Telephone Department

Registration

Municipality

Electricity

Department

e-governance

Logout

Department

Information about payment details

Telephone status

Phone pay

Department

Generate code

Telephone payment

Username,

Phone number,

Month, Year,

Amount, Bank details, Payment date,

Transfer.

Phone details

Department

Generate code

Telephone details

Username,

Name, Address,

Phone no, Area Code, Connection Facility,

Last payment date, Approval.

Status

Payment

Details

Telephone

Department

Information about payment details

House tax status

House pay

Department

Generate code

House tax payment

Username,

House tax no,

Year, Amount,

Bank details,

Payment date,

Transfer.

House details

Department

Generate code

House tax details

Username,

House tax no,

Patta no, Registration details, Amount, Approval.

Status

Payment

Details

House tax

Department

Information about payment details

Water tax status

Water pay

Department

Generate code

Water tax payment

Username,

Water tax no,

Month, Year,

Amount, Bank details, Payment date, Transfer.

Water details

Department

Generate code

Water tax details

Username,

House tax no,

Water tax no,

Name,

Address,

Amount,

Last payment

Date, Approval.

Status

Payment

Details

Water tax

Feedback

Department

Generate code

Feedback

Type,

About,

Comments,

Name,

Mail,

Phone.

Logout

Feedback

Municipality

House tax

Electricity

Telephone

Water tax

Departments

Login page

User Login page

New user registration

Generate code

Login

Username,

Password,

Question,

Answer,

Mobile,

Mail.

Username,

Password,

Question,

Answer, Name,

Date of birth, Sex,

Occupation,

Address, Phone,

Mobile, Mail.

R Registration

Existing user login page

New user registration

e-governance

Ready

Place of death

Father name

Mothername

Sex

Username

DOD

Name

Death details

Ready

Doctor name

Place of birth

Hospital

Father name

Mothername

Sex

Username

Dob

Name

Birth details

Payment

Approval

Purpose

Connection

Name

EB number

Username

Address

Electricity details

Transfer

User Bank

Gov Bank

Amount

Month Year

Username

EB number

Electricity pay

Payment

Transfer

User Bank

Gov Bank

Amount

Phone no

Username

Area code

Phone pay

Approval

Area code

Connection

Name

Phone no

Username

Address

Phone details

Answer

Question

Mail

Phone

Username

Password

Login

Sex

Answer

Question

Mail

Occupation

Name

Phone

Dob

Username

Address

Password

Registration

35


Recommended