EE--Government, EGovernment, E--Governance Governance & Public Sector Modernization& Public Sector ModernizationChief Executive Officers Chief Executive Officers Government of BelizeGovernment of Belize

Caribbean Center for Development Administration (CARICAD) Caribbean Center for Development Administration (CARICAD) and the and the United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESUnited Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) A)

May 17May 17thth 20062006

Caribbean Technical and Advisory Support Facility (TASF) on eGovernmentUNDESA/ CARICAD

T@SF

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

1. 1. Definition of EDefinition of E--GovernmentGovernment2. 2. Dimensions of EDimensions of E--Government Government 3. 3. Stages of EStages of E--Government Government 4. 4. EE--Government: Implications for the Government: Implications for the

Organization & ManagementOrganization & Management5. 5. EE--Government Policy Formulation ProcessGovernment Policy Formulation Process

1. E1. E--Government…Government…

The use of ICT (Computer Networks, the Internet, mobile devices, etc.) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government in order to achieve…???

• better delivery of government services to citizens;• improved interactions with business and industry;• citizen empowerment through access to

information;• more efficient government management.

2. Dimensions of E2. Dimensions of E--Government:Government:“Interactions”“Interactions”

• Government to Government - G2G

• Government to Employee - G2E

• Government to Citizen - G2C

• Government to Business - G2B

2. Dimensions of E2. Dimensions of E--GovernmentGovernment

• G2G & G2E: application of ICT to intragovernmental operations.

• G2C & G2B: use of ICT to transform the delivery of public services from ‘standing in line’ to ‘online’, including the use of ICT to facilitate interactions with businesses

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Business

Consumer

Government Business Consumer

EE--Government = EGovernment = E--Governance? Governance?

Governance is the exercise of political, economic Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the and administrative authority in the managementmanagementof a country’s affairsof a country’s affairs

IncludingIncluding citizenscitizens’ ’ articulationarticulation of their interests of their interests and exercise of their legal rights & obligations.and exercise of their legal rights & obligations.

EE--Government = EGovernment = E--Governance? Governance?

EE--governancegovernance is the performance of this is the performance of this governance governance via the electronic mediumvia the electronic mediumTo facilitate efficient and transparent To facilitate efficient and transparent dissemination of information to the dissemination of information to the public and other agenciespublic and other agenciesPerforming public administration Performing public administration activities.activities.

EE--Governance Governance

Generally considered as Generally considered as a wider concepta wider concept than ethan e--governmentgovernmentIt can bring about a change in the way how It can bring about a change in the way how citizens relate to governments and to each other.citizens relate to governments and to each other.Its objective is to engage, enable and empower Its objective is to engage, enable and empower the citizen.the citizen.

Why introduce eWhy introduce e--governance?governance?

To enhance To enhance good governance.good governance.Good governance is generally Good governance is generally characterisedcharacterised by by participation, transparency and accountability. participation, transparency and accountability.

Modern ICTs provide Modern ICTs provide opportunities to transformopportunities to transform the the relationship between governments and citizens, thus relationship between governments and citizens, thus contributing to the achievement of good governance contributing to the achievement of good governance goals.goals.

Characteristics of Characteristics of Good GovernanceGood Governance

1.1. ParticipatoryParticipatory2.2. Consensus OrientedConsensus Oriented3.3. AccountableAccountable4.4. TransparentTransparent5.5. ResponsiveResponsive6.6. Effective and EfficientEffective and Efficient7.7. Equitable and Inclusive Equitable and Inclusive 8.8. Rule of law. Rule of law.

Characteristics of Good Characteristics of Good GovernanceGovernance

It assures that corruption is minimized, the It assures that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are taken into account views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in decisionin society are heard in decision--making. making.

(OECD, 2001).(OECD, 2001).

EE--Governance = Good Governance?Governance = Good Governance?

Are there instances where Are there instances where

EE--governance = Good Governance?governance = Good Governance?

3. The Stages of Electronic Government

3. The Stages of Electronic Government

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4. E4. E--Government: Government: Implications for the Implications for the

Organization & ManagementOrganization & Management

What good is technology if it takes six seconds to send a message but six months to get someone to act on it?!”

The IT Productivity ParadoxAnnual Change in Office, Computing and Accounting

Machinery Investment and Output per Worker, US 1965-95

Source: Bureau of Economic Affairs (BEA)

“___% of all quality problemsare a result of the processes that are in place, not because of the people who operate within the

processes.”--Joseph M. Juran

85

People vs. ProcessPeople vs. Process

Goal: Doing the Right Things Goal: Doing the Right Things RIGHT!RIGHT!

“There is nothing so useless “There is nothing so useless as doing as doing efficientlyefficiently that which that which

should not be done at all.”should not be done at all.”Peter F. DruckerPeter F. Drucker

4. Implications…4. Implications…

• Management Support: Awareness &Understanding

• Management of Change and Innovation • Benchmarking and Performance Management• Process Analysis & Reengineering• Overcome Organizational Boundaries - ‘Silos’

5. 5. EE--Government Policy Government Policy

Formulation ProcessFormulation Process

5. Policy Formulation5. Policy Formulation

Committee Approach Committee Approach

Consultancy Approach Consultancy Approach

Best Practice Approach Best Practice Approach

Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework

Chicken & Egg Situation…which comes FIRST: Chicken & Egg Situation…which comes FIRST:

Policy or Structure?Policy or Structure?

The Problem…The Problem…

““policymakers seem to regard policymakers seem to regard ‘research’‘research’ as the opposite of as the opposite of ‘action’‘action’ratherrather thanthan the opposite of the opposite of ‘ignorance’.‘ignorance’.””11

1 – Surr et al, 2003, DFID Research Strategy Report.

Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle

• Evidence-based Policy Formulation:“Whichever part of the public sector one is concerned with, one observation is clear: the current state of research-based knowledge is insufficient to inform many areas of policy and practice”.

Davies, Nutley & Smith (2000) What Works? Evidence-Based Policy and Practice in Public Services, Bristol: The Policy Press.

Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle• Evidence-based Policy Formulation:

“Good government is thinking government… rational

thought is impossible without good evidence…social

science research is central to the development and

evaluation of policy”.

David Blunkett (2001) UK Minister for Education, Influence or Irrelevance: CanSocial Science Research Improve Government? Secretary of State’s ESRC Lecture Speech.

Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle

• Evidence-based Policy Formulation??

“…there is nothing a government hates more than to be

well-informed; for it makes the process of arriving at

decisions much more complicated and difficult”

John Maynard Keynes

5.5. EE--Government Policy FormulationGovernment Policy FormulationEvidenceEvidence--based/Empirical Research:based/Empirical Research:

Public Sector: IT Audit/Survey Public Sector: IT Audit/Survey Citizen/ Household Connectivity DataCitizen/ Household Connectivity DataBusiness & NGO IT/Internet SurveyBusiness & NGO IT/Internet SurveyEducation Sector IT Survey Education Sector IT Survey

OECD (2000) E-commerce: Impacts and Policy Challenges

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Business

Consumer

Government Business Consumer

The Digital Divide within.

Household Data By District

18%20%

2%

15%

6%8%

21%

13% 13%

30%

8% 10%

1% 2% 2% 2%

17%

11%

5%

24%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%

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tries R

ural

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aye/C

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e Cho

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Fort

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Den

nery

Gros Is

let

Districts

Perc

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Computer Internet

Source: Department of Statistics: CWIQ 2004 Survey

EvidenceEvidence--basedbased EE--Government Policy Government Policy Formulation for BelizeFormulation for Belize

G2G?G2G?G2B?G2B?G2C?G2C?Education?Education?

Thank You!Thank You!

Cletus K. Cletus K. BertinBertin, Ph.D., Ph.D.Knowledge & Information ManagerKnowledge & Information Manager

Caribbean Technical & Advisory Support Caribbean Technical & Advisory Support Facility on EFacility on E--Government Government

UNDESA/CARICADUNDESA/CARICADckbertin@caricad.netckbertin@caricad.net

tasf@un.orgtasf@un.org