e-Government introduction

e-Government Introductione-Government Introduction

What is e-government?What is e-government?

Information or transactions provided on-line by Information or transactions provided on-line by local governments to citizens using the Internet local governments to citizens using the Internet and Web sites. and Web sites.

The complexity of Web sites ranges from those The complexity of Web sites ranges from those that merely provide information to others that that merely provide information to others that allow electronic financial transactionsallow electronic financial transactions

Examples: India (Andhraperdesh, Bangalore), Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Newzeland, Australia, UK, Germany and many states of USA

e-government DepartmentData and Web sites

Development

Antivirus

Firewall

Web-server

Router

Internet

User

Internet Service Provider

Telecommunication

Infrastructure

Internet Service Provider

Internet / web media

DefinitionDefinition

Anonymous

In an Electronic Government There is no official seal / signature There is no paper There is no holiday There is no division / section There is no boundary of cities There is no public office

Static Dynamic Interactive Pure HTMPure HTM Content must be altered Content must be altered

with editor with editor Web server is simply Web server is simply

transferring files upon transferring files upon request. request.

web pages depend on web pages depend on user inputuser input

web pages query web pages query databases but do not databases but do not change them change them

Input from userInput from user changes databasechanges database

Web-Server

Browser

Web-Server

Browser

Database

Web Server Processes request

Browser sends request to change a to b

DatabaseWas “A”

Is Now “B”

Basic Types of Web PagesBasic Types of Web Pages

Spectrum of E-GovernmentSpectrum of E-GovernmentWeb SitesWeb Sites

InformationInformation

OnlyOnly

ProvidesProvides


DescribingDescribing

TheThe

JurisdictionJurisdiction

And itsAnd its

operationsoperations

ProvidesProvides

Forms thatForms that

May be May be Printed and Printed and

mailedmailed

Offers aOffers a

Means to Means to submitsubmit


On-lineOn-line

Offers a Offers a Means to Means to Complete Complete Financial Financial

Transactions Transactions onlineonline

ServiceService

TransformationsTransformations

Phases of e-Government Development

High

High

Low

12

3

4

StartupOne-way Interaction

Two-way Interaction

Transaction(Mature)

BenefitCom

ple

xit

y o

f e-G

overn

men

t

UN/ASPA global surveyUN/ASPA global survey

Phase 1 - StartupPhase 1 - Startup Static government information published on Static government information published on

the web: such as laws and rules, guidelines, the web: such as laws and rules, guidelines, handbooks, organizations, directories, etc.handbooks, organizations, directories, etc.

An early stage in e-government An early stage in e-government development.development.

Passive / Passive Relationship: government Passive / Passive Relationship: government and its clients do not communicate on the and its clients do not communicate on the web.web.

Dr. Hongren Zhou: Global Perspectives on E-Government Division for Public Economics and Public Administration , UNDESA


Phase 2 – One-Way InteractionPhase 2 – One-Way Interaction Active/Passive relationship: government Active/Passive relationship: government

active – users passiveactive – users passive

To some extent, government services are To some extent, government services are available, such as download government available, such as download government forms (e.g., income tax).forms (e.g., income tax).

Users can send e-mail to government, but Users can send e-mail to government, but government may not necessarily response government may not necessarily response in e-way.in e-way.



Phase 3 – Two-Way InteractionPhase 3 – Two-Way Interaction Active/Active relationship: interactions Active/Active relationship: interactions

between government and users complete between government and users complete on the web.on the web.

For example, users obtain tax form on the For example, users obtain tax form on the web, fill it in on the web, and send it back to web, fill it in on the web, and send it back to Revenue Authority through the web.Revenue Authority through the web.

Government and users can communicate Government and users can communicate each other through the web.each other through the web.



Phase 4 - Transactions on the WebPhase 4 - Transactions on the Web E-Government matures at this phase:E-Government matures at this phase:

Complete a business transaction (e.g., tax) on the Complete a business transaction (e.g., tax) on the web.web.

Restructuring government becomes imperative; the Restructuring government becomes imperative; the ways that government operates are also changed.ways that government operates are also changed.

E-government is not merely computerizing existing E-government is not merely computerizing existing government. Instead, it is to transform the existing government. Instead, it is to transform the existing government.government.


Another definition

E-government consist of four areas of services

G2C- Government to Citizen

G2G- Government to Government

G2B- Government to Business

G2E- Government to Employee

G2C- Government to Citizen

All gov to citizen information should available online

News

All public-department interaction forms

On-line form submission

Transactions (payments)

Revenue collection, payment of utility bills

On-line complaints

Track & Trace System: e-citizen can trace all his own complaints and submitted cases and can get online updated info (case situation, any objection, rejection or approval)

Citizen Registration: Birth and marriage reg. ID Card, Domicile, Driving License, Job matching, Land use application

G2G- Government to Government

Inter-Departmental Interaction Reporting, budgeting and planning to

administrative, P&D and financial departments. Interaction among multilevel governments Local Governments, Provincial Governments and

Federal Government Notices, summaries and policies for different

departments Inspections, observations and inquires Interaction between control offices and field offices

G2B- Government to Business

e-Procurements– Tendering– Expression Of Interest– Request For Proposal– Technical Evaluation– Financial Evaluation– Contract Awarding or Purchase Order

NOC & Licenses– Cinema, petrol pump, etc.

Trade, Business and Industrial Policies Guidelines for different businesses Tax e Filing Loaning:Loaning: Application submission, inspection verification Application submission, inspection verification

sanctioning using case management system and track and sanctioning using case management system and track and trace systemtrace system

G2E- Government to Employee

All Service Matters (from joining to retirement)– Appointment– Joining– Payroll– Transfer– Deputation– Leave– Allowances– Deductions– Promotions– Loaning– Qualification updation– Expertise– Professional courses, seminars conferences– Inquiries– ACRs– Retirement– Pension

Primary Goals

Successful e-government should aim to meet three :

Improve the quality, cost, accessibility, and speed of Improve the quality, cost, accessibility, and speed of delivering government information and services.delivering government information and services.

Make government more accountable by increasing the Make government more accountable by increasing the opportunity for citizen participation in the governance opportunity for citizen participation in the governance process and bringing citizens closer to elected officials process and bringing citizens closer to elected officials and public servants.and public servants.

Organize the production and distribution of public Organize the production and distribution of public information and services in new ways, that is, to information and services in new ways, that is, to transform government services to meet citizens’ needs transform government services to meet citizens’ needs in an automated world. in an automated world.

Key Benefits of e-govKey Benefits of e-gov

Less expensiveLess expensive– e-Government transactions cost 65% less compared to e-Government transactions cost 65% less compared to

ordinary transactionsordinary transactions

More convenient hoursMore convenient hours 24 X 724 X 7

Reduced travel and waitingReduced travel and waiting Benefits all customers Benefits all customers

– No Geographical BoundariesNo Geographical Boundaries

Reduction in bad check processingReduction in bad check processing Reduction of time to recognize moneyReduction of time to recognize money

Access for allAccess for allMulti Channel MixMulti Channel Mix

By OnlineBy Onlinefor home usersfor home users

– Dialup Internet ConnectionsDialup Internet Connections– Cable Internet ConnectionsCable Internet Connections

For corporate usersFor corporate users

– Wireless ConnectivityWireless Connectivity– Broadband ConnectionsBroadband Connections– Satellite ConnectivitySatellite Connectivity

By Mobile PhoneBy Mobile Phone– GSM, GPRSGSM, GPRS

By CDMABy CDMA Digital TVDigital TV

Digital DivideDigital Divide

the gulf between those the gulf between those who have ready access to computers, who have ready access to computers,

Internet and mobile devicesInternet and mobile devices those who don't those who don't

Due to socio-economic and/or Due to socio-economic and/or geographical reasons, have limited or geographical reasons, have limited or no access no access

Access for allAccess for all

KioskKiosk Service Provider KioskService Provider Kiosk

Switch

UPS

Printer

Access for allAccess for all

Kiosks Kiosks – Self-Service KioskSelf-Service Kiosk

E-GovernmentE-Government

20% Technology20% Technology 35% BPR 35% BPR (Business Process Reengineering)(Business Process Reengineering)

40% Change Management40% Change Management 05% Luck!05% Luck!

e-Government and e-Governancee-Government and e-Governance

"Governance" is a way of describing "Governance" is a way of describing the links between government and its the links between government and its broader environment - political, social, broader environment - political, social, administrative."administrative."

"Government's foremost job is to focus "Government's foremost job is to focus society on achieving the public society on achieving the public interest"interest"

e-Government and e-Governancee-Government and e-Governance

GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE superstructure functionality

decisions processes

rules goals

roles performance

implementation coordination

Outputs outcomes

E-Government E-Governance electronic service delivery electronic consultation

electronic workflow electronic controllership

electronic voting electronic engagement

electronic productivity networked societal guidance

m-Governmentm-Government““m” means mobilem” means mobile

m-Government is a subset of e-governmentm-Government is a subset of e-government

In the case of m-government, In the case of m-government, communication are limited to mobile and/or communication are limited to mobile and/or wireless technologies like cellular/mobile wireless technologies like cellular/mobile phones and PDAs (personal digital phones and PDAs (personal digital assistants) connected to wireless local area assistants) connected to wireless local area networks (LANs). networks (LANs).

m-Government can help make public m-Government can help make public information and government services information and government services available "anytime, anywhere" to citizens available "anytime, anywhere" to citizens and officials. and officials.

ExamplesExamples

Malaysia:Malaysia: citizens can verify their voting citizens can verify their voting information, such as the parliamentary and information, such as the parliamentary and state constituencies where they are to vote, state constituencies where they are to vote, using SMS (short message service) and can using SMS (short message service) and can also get results.also get results.

California:California: state government has established a state government has established a Web page where citizens can register to Web page where citizens can register to receive wireless PDA and cell phone receive wireless PDA and cell phone notification services for energy alerts, lottery notification services for energy alerts, lottery results, traffic updates and articles from the results, traffic updates and articles from the Governor's press room. Governor's press room.

Examples of Examples of Malta:Malta:

Notification of acknowledgements and status change of customer complaints Notification of acknowledgements and status change of customer complaints

Notifications of court deferrals Notifications of court deferrals

Notifications for license-renewal to the holders of licences issued by the Trade Notifications for license-renewal to the holders of licences issued by the Trade Department, Malta Tourism Authority, Malta Maritime Authority and Public Department, Malta Tourism Authority, Malta Maritime Authority and Public Transport Authority Transport Authority

Notification of exams results Notification of exams results

Notification for Direct Credit Payments from the Department of Social Security Notification for Direct Credit Payments from the Department of Social Security

Notification via SMS by the blood bank to advise registered blood donors Notification via SMS by the blood bank to advise registered blood donors when urgent needs for blood arise. when urgent needs for blood arise.

Notification via SMS to parents from their children’s school to inform them if Notification via SMS to parents from their children’s school to inform them if their children are absent from school on that day their children are absent from school on that day

Notifications via SMS from the public libraries to individuals who have placed Notifications via SMS from the public libraries to individuals who have placed a reservation for a book a reservation for a book

Bus schedule availability via SMS Bus schedule availability via SMS

Notification of job opportunities from ETC to individuals who have selected Notification of job opportunities from ETC to individuals who have selected specific areas of employment specific areas of employment

Reporting incidents or relevant information to the Police Force Reporting incidents or relevant information to the Police Force

ExamplesExamples

London’sLondon’s Metropolitan police: security alerts sent Metropolitan police: security alerts sent out;out;

SingaporeansSingaporeans can learn the results of medical can learn the results of medical examinations; examinations;

Hong KongHong Kong government uses the system for government uses the system for emergency announcements; emergency announcements;

Norway and SwedenNorway and Sweden, people can confirm via an , people can confirm via an SMS text message if their tax returns are accurate; SMS text message if their tax returns are accurate;

FinlandFinland Citizen can buy bus tickets. Citizen can buy bus tickets.

Approaches of e-Government Approaches of e-Government initiativesinitiatives

Bottom-UpBottom-UpLowerLower level government (Local etc) establish eGov or any initiative towards eGov for its own jurisdictionIndian projectsIndian projects

Top DownTop DownTop level government (Federal) establish eGov or any initiative towards eGov for all countryUSA, Brazil, NADRA

HybridHybridMixing of above approaches

Proc & ConsProc & ConsTop Down ApproachTop Down Approach

Can benefit from the authority of a strong central leader.

Can encompass all components of ICT development.

Leads to improved utilization of resources-shared infrastructure.

Adherence to standards facilitates data sharing and integration.

Donor coordination is easier

Scaling up pilots is easier

Projects can have a tighter fit with overall development strategy.

Lack of departmental ownership may thwart significant changes.

Local initiative and innovation potential is curbed.

Project becomes complex and increases chances of implementation failure.

Proc & ConsProc & ConsBottom Up ApproachBottom Up Approach

Departmental ownership - easier to reengineer and implement.

Quicker to implement.

Breeds innovative uses.

Demonstration effect is quicker

Applications can evolve and improve quickly.

Projects can benefit from attention of political leadership easier to de-bottleneck.

Flexibility in administrative arrangements.

Quality is hinged to the capability of the champion.

Sustainability can be hurt due to change in leadership.

Data sharing is difficult.

Variable quality of design as standards is not followed.

Applications may be out of tune with an accepted

development plan or direction of reform.

BenchmarkingBenchmarking

Total UN member states: 191Total UN member states: 191 Online member states 179 (94%)Online member states 179 (94%)

The objectives of the Survey are to provide a:i) comparative assessment of the willingness and

ability of governments in the use of e-government and ICTs as tools in the public delivery of services; and

ii) benchmarking tool for monitoring the progress of countries, now three years in a row, as they progress towards higher levels of e-government and e-participation service delivery.

UN Global E-government Readiness Report 2005

i. The web measure indexParameters of benchmarking

5 stages of e-government evolution

Stage 1: Stage 1: Emerging Presence

Static information (limited & basic), online presence (official website; inks to ministries/departments; links to regional/local government

Stage 2: Stage 2: Enhanced presence

provides unidirectional information: policies, laws and regulation, reports, newsletters, and downloadable databases The user can search for a document and there is a help feature and a site map provided.

Stage 3: Stage 3: Interactive presence

online services in interactive mode downloadable forms for tax payment, application for license renewal. Audio and video capability is provided for relevant public information. The government officials can be contacted via email, fax, telephone and post. The site is updated with greater regularity to keep the information current and up to date for the public

Stage 4: Stage 4: Transactional presence

two-way interaction government 2 citizen: includes options for paying taxes; applying for ID cards, birth ertificates/passports, license renewals etc. submit these online 24/7.

The citizens are able to pay for relevant public services, such as motor vehicle violation, taxes through their credit, bank or debit card.

are able to bid online for public contacts via secure links.

Stage 5: Stage 5: Networked presence

most sophisticated online e-government: integration of G2G, G2C,G2B,G2E interactions. The government encourages participatory in decision-making and is willing and able to involve the society in a two-way open dialogue. web comment form & online consultation

i. The web measure indexParameters of benchmarking

ii. Telecommunications infrastructure indexParameters of benchmarking

1. PC’s/1000 persons; 2. Internet users/1000 persons;3. Telephone Lines/1000 persons; 4. Online population; 5. Mobile phones/1000 persons; and 6. TV’s/1000 persons.

Data for the UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the UN Statistics Division, supplemented by the World Bank.

iii. Human capital indexParameters of benchmarking

The data for the human capital index 2005 relies on the UNDP ‘education index’ which is a composite of the

1. adult literacy rate and the

2. combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio

with two third weight given to adult literacy and

one third to gross enrolment ratio.

The E-Participation Index

assesses the quality and usefulness of information and services provided by a country for the purpose of engaging its citizens in public policy making through the use of e-government programs.

1. Increasing e-information to citizens for decision making;

2. Enhancing e-consultation for deliberative and participatory processes; and

3. Supporting e-decision making by increasing the input of citizens in decision making.

E-participation framework

E-Information

The government websites offer information on policies and programs, budgets, laws and regulations; and other briefs on key public interest. Tools for dissemination of information exist for timely access and use of public information, including web forums, email lists, newsgroups, and chat rooms.

E-Consultation

The government website explains e-consultation mechanisms and tools. It offers choice of public policy topics online for discussion with real time and archived access to audio and video of public meetings. The government encourages citizens to participate in discussions.

E-Decision-making

The government indicates it will take citizen input into decision-making. Government provides actual feedback on the outcome of specific issues.

E-governm

ent readiness index 2005: top 25 countries

11 United StatesUnited States 0.90620.9062

22 DenmarkDenmark 0.90580.9058

33 SwedenSweden 0.89830.8983

44 United KingdomUnited Kingdom 0.87770.8777

55 Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea 0.87270.8727

66 AustraliaAustralia 0.86790.8679

77 SingaporeSingapore 0.85030.8503

88 CanadaCanada 0.84250.8425

99 FinlandFinland 0.82310.8231

1010 NorwayNorway 0.82280.8228

1111 GermanyGermany 0.80500.8050

1212 NetherlandsNetherlands 0.80210.8021

1313 New ZealandNew Zealand 0.79870.7987

1414 JapanJapan 0.78010.7801

1515 IcelandIceland 0.77940.7794

1616 AustriaAustria 0.76020.7602

1717 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 0.75480.7548

1818 BelgiumBelgium 0.73810.7381

1919 EstoniaEstonia 0.73470.7347

2020 IrelandIreland 0.72510.7251

2121 MaltaMalta 0.70120.7012

2222 ChileChile 0.69630.6963

2323 FranceFrance 0.69250.6925

2424 IsraelIsrael 0.69030.6903

2525 ItalyItaly 0.67940.6794

20042004 20052005

PakistanPakistan 122122 136136

IndiaIndia 8686 8787

Sri Lanka 9696 9494

UAEUAE 6060 4242

Date post:	01-Nov-2014
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e-Government introduction

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