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E. Napp
Reformers and Revolutionaries
In this lesson, students will be able to identify the following terms:
Unions
Karl Marx
Proletariat
Communism
E. Napp
There were many problems created byindustrialization. From child labor to low
wages, many injustices occurred.
E. Napp
By the late 19th century, the misery ofthe working classes and the injustices ofcapitalism disturbed the consciences of
many of the new middle class.
E. Napp
Workers organized unions. A union isan organization of workers that promotes
higher wages and better conditions.
E. Napp
After strikes and struggling for better conditions, laws began to limit child labor
and ensure shorter working hours.
E. Napp
However, some individuals,like Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels had revolutionary ideas.They published
The Communist Manifesto in 1848.
These ideas became thebasis of Communism or
Marxism.
E. Napp
The Class Struggle
• Marx believed that society was divided into two classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of capital and factories) and the proletariat (workers).
• Marx believed that these classes would always be in conflict with one another.
E. Napp
Owners cheated their workers by taking mostof the wealth workers’ produced. The
bourgeoisie profited while workers starved.
E. Napp
Marx believed that the bourgeoisiewould never peacefully give up theirwealth and power. He believed that
only a revolution would change society.
E. Napp
Only a revolution could alter society.Marx believed that the bourgeoisie
had to be forcefully removed from power.
E. Napp
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
• After overthrowing the bourgeoisie, workers would jointly own the land, labor, and capital of the nation.
• A dictatorship would be necessary to ensure economic equality.
• However, the dictatorship would eventually “wither away”.