AFrameworkforMappingeTextbook asaSocio-technical

RegimeKaiPata &Terje Väljataga

TallinnUniversitySchoolforDigitalTechnologies

ICWL2016,Rome

Socio-technicalregimes- ‘theconfigurationsthatwork’

Whatise-textbooksocio-technicalregime?

Goalsofthepaper

• Identifyingthewidercomponentsofe-textbookasanewsocio-technicalregimeforunderstandinghowdifferentactorsandthecomponentsoftheregimeinterrelate,wherearetheobstaclesandchallengestosustainthenewregime• Mappingthecurrente-textbookresearchinschoolsonthee-textbooksocio-technicalregime.• InthispresentationtheEstonianexamplesareprovidedtokeepthestorysimple

DigitalArtifactEcosystem- e-textbooksasanewsocio-technicalregimeinthesocietylevel• MovingfromGutenbergGalaxyofprintedbookstothatofDigitalArtifactEcosystems:extensivedigitizationofschooltextbooks• E-textbookhasenteredtotheexperimentalspace,wherethevisibilityofthedifferentversionsofthee-textbookregimesmustbetestedandvalidated• Whatfunctionse-textbookwillreplaceandwhatnewfunctionsitmaytake?

Actorsine-textbooksocio-technicalregime

• Geels:‘socio-technicalregime’referstothesemi-coherentsetofrulesandroutinescarriedbydifferentsocialgroups.• publishers,suppliers,technologyproducers- suchaslearningresourcecreatorsandlicenseowners,serviceproviders(e.g.supplyservice)intechnologyplatforms,learningplatformsandeducationalclouds;

• e-textbookusergroups– suchaslearners,(parents),teachers,schools;• publicauthorities– suchasministryofeducation,curriculumboards;• societalgroups– suchaspress,socialmedia.

Technologyinnovations,learningtechnologiesand

services,standards

Techno-scientificknowledge:knowledgeoflearning

embeddedtotechnology

Infrastructureinlearningsitesforusinge-textbooks,hosting,

maintenance,support

Symbolicmeaningoftechnology:whyweteachasweteach,creatingownershipofnewpractices,curricula

Userpracticesine-textbookdomain

Textbookindustriesandotherservices

Policies

E-TEXTBOOKSOCIOTECHNICALREGIMECOMPONENTS

Technologyinnovations,learning

technologiesandservices,standards

Techno-scientificknowledge:knowledgeof

learningembeddedtotechnology

Infrastructureinlearningsitesfor

usinge-…Symbolicmeaningoftechnology:whyweteachasweteach,…

Userpracticesine-textbookdomain

Textbookindustriesandotherservices

Policies

ESTONIANE-TEXTBOOKREGIME

ekoolikott.ee

Ekool.eelStuudium.ee

eopik.eeopik.ee

silmaring.ee

koolisysteemid.ee

Cloudbasedcross-publisherresourcediscoveryandcontentassembling

Connectedprivateservices:eTextbook publisher+eDiaryeTextbook andResourceprovisionforschools

LePlanner.net

Koolielu.eeRepositories

Personalization,learnercustomization

Remediation:combinableresourcesMeaning-making- annotation

ResourcesharingwithgroupAssessmenttestingandmanagementofresults

BYODWIFIinschoolsforstudents

OpenclassroomTeacher-initiativeindevelopingdigitallearningactivities

Digitallearningresourceandlearningscenariosharing

Student-centredteaching:remediation

FinancialsupportforeducationalcloudandOERdevelopment

Agendafordigitalizedsetoftextbooks

Maindimensions(components)intheEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Industrystructure• focusingononemainstreamplatform(e.g.AppleiBooks Author,ePubs) ->softwaredependency• thepublisherplatformsandsoftwarewithspecificeducationalfunctionalities ->platformdependency• emergingOpenEducationalResourcecloudapproaches ->e-textbooksupplychannelshavebecomelesspublisherowned• OtherconnectedserviceproviderswitheTextbook publisherssuchaseDiaries,resourceprovidersforschools

Maindimensions(components)intheEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Standards,interoperability• Thecommonnationale-textbookstandardsforplatform-independentresource-sharingstilldonotexist.SomeeTextbook publisherscreatedinteroperabilitybetweentheircontentplatformsandeDiary typeofprivateserviceproviders.

• OnepublisherusesiBookasaplatform:Platform-dependentcommercialstandardshaveappearedsuchasiniBookAuthor

• Severalotherpublishershavedevelopedtheirownplatformsforcontentsharing,testingineTextbooks

• NationaldigitallearningcloudeSchoolbag (ekoolikott.ee)uses• OAI-PMHmetadataharvestingprotocolforbringingtogethereducationalresources• IMSLTIv2.0APPweblink tomashtogetherthecollectionmaterials• contentembeddedtoiFrame orrenderedbystreaming(e.g.ePub,SCORM,CommonCartridge andQTI learningobjects)

Implem

ented

Toapp

ear

Maindimensions(components)intheEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Technologyinnovationsusedine-textbookprovision• Technologyinfrastructuresande-textbookformatsaretightlyinterwoven• Learningtechnologiesand-services• openresourcediscovery• collection-making,-tendingandremixingservicesarounddifferentlearningmodels• socialinteractionandcollectivemeaning-makingtechnologiespromotinghighlighting,annotating

• built-intesting,assessmentandmonitoringservicesforteachers,studentsandparents• resource- andlearnermodellingforimprovedsharingandrecommendationservices withsemanticrecommendationsystems

• adaptivesupporttolearners• learner- andgroupbasedlearninganalytics

Implem

ented

Challenges

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Techno-scientificknowledge• Knowledgeoflearningembeddedinsoftware,learningdesignsandtechnology.• Customizingcontent:teachersandstudentscanmodularize,remix,customizeandassembledigitalcontents

• Newinteractivity:Promotecognitivelearningthroughinteractivitystemmingfrommultimedialearningprinciples

• Individualandsharedmeaning-makingarounde-textbooksusingsemantictechnologies• Studentlocusofcontrol,remediation,branchingtypeofinteractivity:textbookasanauthoringenvironmentforstudents- activestorytellingasalearningapproach;composingdigitalnarrativesasaresultofstudiesratherthanusingreadymadetextbooks

• Personalizedlearningwithadaptivesupport:Fromunifiedtest-basedassignmentsuchassendingreal-timeassessmentdatafromtextbookstoteachersforimmediateordelayeduse towardssupportingpersonalizedlearningadministeringformativeassessmentsthroughthebookinterface

SearchandassemblingthetextbookfromOEReKoolikott.ee

AssemblingthetextbookcollectionsfromOER

eTextbooks provideusuallylinkedresourceseõpik.ee

eTextbook isenhancedwithmultimediafromnationalrepositories

AnnotatingeTextbook whilelearningalone

SendingrepliesfromeTextbook

eTextbook isorcehestrated witheDiary services

Assigningcustomized tasksinetextbook

Assigning tasks and automatic assessment of tasks in eTextbook

Addingmaterialstopublishertextbookopik.ee

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Schoolsinfrastructure:• MostschoolsinEstoniahavewifi availableforstudentsinschoolandsomealsooutdoorsclosetoschools,butschoolshavetofindresourcesandmeanshowtoprovidewifi andinternet.

• Schoolsusedifferentpoliciesforstudentsmobiledevices:parentshavetobuythedevices- nodevicerequirementissettoparents;restrictedusageofowndevices- approvedBYOD;mobileclassroomsets,openclassrooms,dataprojectorsandinternetaccessineveryclassroom

• ThesupportsystemsforBYOD,openclassroomapproachesisdevelopedandavailableinsomeinnovativeschools

• SchoolsstilllackthepoliciesandmeanshowtogetaccessorrenteTextbooks andotherdigitalresourcesandservices,booksanddigitallearningresourcesarebothinusebutnoresourcesforboth

Challenges

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Hosting,maintenance,support• Differentpublishers’resourcesavailableinpublicEducationalcloudsisnotyetachieved,publishers’contentisnotprovided,recruitinguser-generatedcontentisnotscaledupamongteachers• SupportservicesaroundeTextbooks forusers(customization,provisionofrelatedtechnologies)isavailableateTextbook publishinghouses• Cross-providerservicesareavailablebetweeneTextbook publishersandeDiary serviceproviders

Challenges

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Symbolicmeaningoftechnology:Epistemologicalaspects- whyweteachasweteach• Hakkarainen &Paavola:Trialogical learning- digitalartifactstaketheroleoftheemergentinteractionalresources,whichmediatebetweenindividuallearning,groupcognitionandcommunityknowledgebuilding,structurethesharedworkandreflectivepractices,maybeversionedanditerativelytransformedduringlongtermknowledgecreation,leadingtoformculturalknowledgeandpractices.• Responsiveteaching:formativeassessmentanddifferentiatedinstructionintroducedtogetherwithlearninganalyticssupportine-textbooks• Distributedandembodiedcognitionapproacheswhendevelopinghowinformationprovisionandactivitiesaredesignedinthee-textbooks

Challenges

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Creating,takingownershipofnewpractices.• Teacher-basedandSchoolbasedtrainingapproaches:CreativeclassroomsforinnovativeteachersandDigitalturnofwholeschoolstoensurerightinfrastructureandpolicestosupportteaching• ThecommercialeTextbooks ratherpromotereadymadelessonscenariosoraddingtothese,eSchoolbag platformallowsonlycombiningresourcesbutnotassociatingthesewithactivities,tasksandlearningoutcomes• Needforscalingupinnovativedigitallearningscenariopracticecommunities,oneapproachiswithLePlanner.net• Instructingis“outsourced”alsotostudentswhilelearningwithdigitalresourcesandtools

Learningscenariosharingcommunities

lePlanner.net

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook• Curricula• Thereistheneedforcurriculainnovations:moretimeisneededtoallowlongerknowledgebuildingcyclesaroundthemes• Userpracticesine-textbookdomain• thepreferenceforprintedbookshasnotchanged,buttherehaveemergedsomenewdigitallearninghabitswitheTextbooks• Fewteachersexperimentwithstudentscontentcreationendingwiththestudent-customizedtextbook ratherthantostartwithonefixedinformationsource

• Markets,businessmodels:distribution,purchasing,customerservices,licensing• Thee-textbookmarketinschoole-textbookpublishingandrelatedserviceshasemerged.• Thepublisherplatformsarelocal,butsomeexploreinternationalopportunities.• ThepubliceducationalcloudisdevelopedinsynergywithFinlandasacross-countryinitiative• Cross-serviceconnectionsarecreatingnewvalueforpublishersandeDiarycompanies• Approachesforremixingandsharingcontentswithdifferentlicensingrulesmustbedeveloped

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook

• Policies• NationalagendasandfundssupportOERcontentdevelopmentandsharing,andsupporttheeSchoolbag development.• Nationalagendafordigitalizingthetextbooksatalllevelshasbeenannounced.• Weneedmoresurveysknowing,howeffectiveislearningwithdigitaltextbooksandsmallmobiledevicescomparedwithtraditionallearning?HowtodealwiththebalanceineTextbook models:time-consumingcreativefreedomininnovativelearningscenariosanddeterminedtextbookshowtoteachandlearn?

Maindimensions(components)inEstoniansocio-technicalregimeofeTextbook

Finalthoughts– willtheeTextbook regimebesmallchangeinexistingregimeorbigsteptochangehowwelearn?

• Haveweconsidered:• Sustainabilitythreatsandwasteoflabour causedbydigitalmassoverproduction

• Digitaldividecausedbyunequalaccesstorapidlychangingdevicesandsoftwareversions

• Thereistheneedtode-scaledigitalresourceproductionandtyingitwiththefeedbacklooptotheinnovativeusagepractices- newcustomerfeedbackservicesaroundresourceusagemightdescaleresourceprovision

Thankyou!