E XPERIMENTATION AND GENERATION OF POWER USING …

EXPERIMENTATION AND GENERATION OF POWER

USING SHOCK ABSORBER

C.JagadeeshVikram1,D.Mohankumar

2

Asst Professor1,2 ,Department of Automobile Engineering , ,BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai – 73.

[email protected].

Abstract---Here the Gravitational force or Body

weight is used to generate electricity with the

help of Rack & Pinion, Gears, Chain drive,

Sprocket, PMDC Generator, Battery and

inverter. By simply stepping on the mechanism

the electricity is generated without any

production of harmful gases or any other by

product. It is a bio-friendly mechanism which

reduces the usage of conventional energy

resources.

Keywords--- Rack & pinion, battery, PMDC

generator, gears, chain drive and sprocket.

INTRODUCTION

Man has required and utilized vitality at an

expanding rate for his sustenance and prosperity as

far back as he went ahead the earth a couple of

million years prior. Primitive man required vitality

principally as nourishment. He inferred this by

eating plants or creatures, which he chased. With

the progression of time, man began to develop

arrive for farming. He added another measurement

to the utilization of vitality by taming and preparing

creatures to work for him. With further interest for

vitality[1-6], man started to utilize the twist for

cruising ships and for driving windmills[7-10], and

the compel of falling water to turn water for

cruising ships and for driving windmills[11-16],

and the constrain of falling water to turn water

wheels. Till this time, it would not be right to state

that the sun was providing all the vitality needs of

man either specifically or in a roundabout way and

that man was utilizing just renewable wellsprings of

vitality. Other individuals have created piezo-

electric (mechanical-to-electrical) surfaces

previously, however the Crowd Farm can possibly

rethink urban space by including a feeling of ease

and urging individuals to actuate spaces with their

development. The Crowd Farm floor is made out of

standard parts that are effectively reproduced

however it is costly to deliver at this stage. This

innovation would encourage the future formation of

new urban scenes athletic fields with an onlooker

region,music corridors, theaters, dance club and an

extensive social event space for energizes, exhibits

and festivities, railroad stations, transport stands,

metros, air terminals and so forth like fit for

saddling human velocity for power era.[17-26]

OVERVIEW OF THE WORK

Proposition for the use of waste vitality of

foot power with human headway is especially

significant and critical for profoundly populated

nations like India and China where the streets,

railroad stations, transport stands[27-31],

sanctuaries, and so forth are all over swarmed and a

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 9925-9936ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

9925

huge number of individuals move all day and all

night. This entire human/bio vitality being

squandered if can be made workable for use it will

be awesome innovation and group vitality

homesteads will be extremely valuable vitality

sources in swarmed nations. Strolling over a

"Group Farm," floor, then, will be an a good time

for sit without moving individuals who can enhance

their wellbeing by practicing in such homesteads

with winning [32-45].

The electrical vitality created at such

ranches will be helpful for close-by applications.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

Step1: When force is applied on the plate by virtue

on stamping on the plate the force spring gets

compressed

Step2: The rack here moves vertically down

Step3: The pinion meshed with the rack gear results

in circular motion of the pinion gear

Step4: For one full compression the pinion Moves

1semicircle

Step5: When the force applied on the plate released

the pinion reverses and moves another semi-circle

Step6: The generator attached to the pinion hence

results in the sinusoidal waveform (for single

Generator)

Rack And Pinion and chain sprocket

arrangement

PMDC GENERATOR

[Permanent Magnetic DC generator]

DESIGN CALCULATION

Calculation of speed of the Pinion shaft (N1)

Length of the Rack = 375 mm

Pinion outer diameter = 88 mm

First we have to calculate the angular velocity for

the linear movement of the Rack using the formulae

To calculate the angle the following formulae is

used

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

9926

Length of the Arc is the Linear distance covered by

the Rack = 120 mm

The circumference of the Pinion = 2Пr = 276.46

mm

So ϴ = 156°15°

Time taken for the linear movement is 1 sec

By using the formulae the angular velocity (ω) is

2.72 rad/sec

V1 = ω x r

V1 = 119.68 mm/sec

From the above equation we can calculate linear

velocity and by using it we can calculate speed of

the pinion shaft.

V1= ПdN1/60

Where

d is the shaft diameter = 20 mm

N1 is the speed of the Pinion shaft

From the above equation N1 = 114.28 rpm

4.1 Calculation of Speed of Flywheel shaft

(N2)

Velocity ratio is taken as 2

N2/N1= 2

Speed of the Lower shaft N2= 228.57 rpm

Velocity (v2) of lower shaft = 239.35 mm/sec

4.2 Calculation of Mass of Flywheel (M)

Now we have to calculate the mass of the Flywheel

The formulae used to calculate the mass of the

Flywheel is

Kinetic Energy = Work Done

Work Done = Weight of the person x Displacement

Work Done = 176580 N mm

From the above equation we can calculate the mass

of the flywheel


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Mass of the Flywheel (M) = 1.23 Kg

4.3 Calculation of Stiffness of spring (K)

Load is equally distributed at the ends.

W = W1 + W2 = K1δ + K2δ

W1 = 75 Kg, W2 = 75 Kg

δ = 120 mm

K1 = K2 = 6.13 N/mm

4.4 Calculation of Speed of Generator shaft (N3)

Gear ratio = 2.2

N3 – Speed of Generator shaft

N3/N2 = 2.2

N3 = 228.57 x 2.2 = 502.85 rpm

GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION:

Basic circle generator is having a solitary turn

rectangular copper curl pivoting about its own hub

in an attractive field gave by either lasting magnet

or electro magnets. In the event of without

commutator the two finishes of the curl are joined

to slip rings which are protected from each other

and from the focal shaft. Two gathering brushes (of

carbon or copper) press against the slip rings. Their

capacity is to gather the current incited in the curl.

For this situation the present waveform we acquire

is rotating current. If there should be an occurrence

of with commutator the slip rings are supplanted by

part rings. For this situation the current is

unidirectional.

COMPONENTS OF A GENERATOR:

Rotor: In its most straightforward shape, the rotor

comprises of a solitary circle of wire made to turn

inside an attractive field. By and by, the rotor

typically comprises of a few loops of wire twisted

on an armature.

Armature: The armature is a barrel of overlaid iron

mounted on a pivot. The pivot is conveyed in

course mounted in the outside structure of the

generator. Torque is connected to the pivot to make

the rotor turn[46-51].

Coil: Every curl normally comprises of many turns

of copper wire twisted on the armature. The two

closures of every curl are associated either to two

slip rings (AC) or two inverse bars of a split-ring

commutator (DC).

Stator: The stator is the settled part of the generator

that provisions the attractive field in which the

loops pivot. It might comprise of two changeless

magnets with inverse posts confronting and formed

to fit around the rotor. On the other hand, the

attractive field might be given by two

electromagnets.

Field electromagnets: Every electromagnet

comprises of a loop of many turns of copper wire

twisted on a delicate iron center. The

electromagnets are wound, mounted and formed in

a manner that inverse posts confront each other and

wrap around the rotor.

Brushes:

The brushes are carbon hinders that keep up contact

with the finishes of the curls through the slip rings

(AC) or the split-ring commutator (DC), and

channel electric current from the loops to the

outside circuit.

WORKING:


9928

The commutator turns with the circle of

wire similarly as the slip rings do with the rotor of

an AC generator. Every 50% of the commutator

ring is known as a commutator portion and is

protected from the other half. Every end of the

pivoting circle of wire is associated with a

commutator portion. Two carbon brushes

associated with the outside circuit lean against the

pivoting commutator. One brush directs the current

out of the generator, and the other brush bolsters it

in.

The commutator is outlined so that,

regardless of how the current on top of it

interchanges, the commutator section containing the

outward-going current is dependably against the

"out" brush at the correct time. The armature in a

substantial DC generator has many loops of wire

and commutator portions. On account of the

commutator, engineers have thought that it was

important to have the armature serve as the

rotor(the turning part of a contraption) and the field

structure as the stator (a stationary segment

encasing pivoting parts)

BATTERY

RECHARGEBLE BATTERIES:

A rechargeable battery or capacity battery is a

gathering of at least one electrochemical cells. They

are known as auxiliary cells on the grounds that

their electrochemical responses are electrically

reversible. Rechargeable batteries come in a wide

range of shapes and sizes, going anything from a

catch cell to megawatt frameworks associated with

balance out an electrical dissemination organize.

Rechargeable batteries are utilized for car starters,

convenient shopper gadgets, light vehicles, (for

example, mechanized wheelchairs, golf trucks,

electric bikes, and electric forklifts), apparatuses,

and uninterruptible power supplies. Rising

applications in cross breed electric vehicles and

electric vehicles are driving the innovation to lessen

cost and weight and increment lifetime. Regularly,

new rechargeable batteries must be charged before

utilize; more up to date low self-release batteries

hold their charge for a long time, and are provided

charged to around 70% of their evaluated limit.

Inverter

An inverter is an electrical gadget that

believers coordinate current (DC) to exchanging

current (AC); the changed over AC can be at any

required voltage and recurrence with the utilization

of suitable transformers, exchanging, and control

circuits. Strong state inverters have no moving parts

and are utilized as a part of an extensive variety of

uses, from little exchanging power supplies in PCs,

to vast electric utility high-voltage coordinate

current applications that vehicle mass power.

Inverters are generally used to supply AC control

from DC sources, for example, sun oriented boards

or batteries.

Light Loads

A bulb is is a short stem with meaty leaves or leaf

bases. The leaves frequently work as nourishment

stockpiling organs amid torpidity.


9929

A globule's leaf bases by and large don't bolster

leaves, yet contain sustenance stores to empower

the plant to survive unfavorable conditions. The

leaf bases may look like scales, or they may cover

and encompass the focal point of the knob as with

the onion. An adjusted stem frames the base of the

globule, and plant development happens from this

basal plate. Roots rise up out of the underside of the

base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side

INCANDESCENT

These are the standard bulbs that the vast majority

know about. Radiant knobs work by utilizing power

to warm a tungsten fiber in the globule until it

sparkles. The fiber is either in a vacuum or in a

blend of argon/nitrogen gas. The greater part of the

vitality devoured by the globule is radiated as

warmth, bringing about its Lumens per Watt

execution to be low. In light of the fiber's high

temperature, the tungsten has a tendency to

dissipate and gather on the sides of the globule. The

characteristic flaws in the fiber causes it to end up

distinctly more slender unevenly. At the point when

a knob is turned on, the sudden surge of vitality can

bring about the thin ranges to warm up much

quicker than whatever remains of the fiber, which

thusly causes the fiber to break and the globule to

wear out.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Hardware components for Foot step power

generator

1. Spring

Free length – 150 mm

Mean Diameter – 40 mm

Wire Diameter – 2 mm

Pitch – 12 mm

2. Rack

Length of the Rack – 375 mm

Pitch of the Rack – 6 mm

3. Pinion

Pitch of Pinion – 6 mm

O/D of pinion – 88 mm

Bore Diameter – 20 mm

Teeth – 40

4. Bearing – Double sealed Ball Bearing

Inner Diameter – 20 mm

Outer Diameter – 50 mm

5. Sprocket


Inner Diameter – 20 mm

Teeth – 18

Pitch – 15 mm

6. Chain

Roller Diameter – 10 mm

Pin Diameter – 3 mm

Pitch – 15 mm

Between Inner Plates – 10 mm

7. Gear Wheel

Pitch – 6 mm



Teeth – 40

8. Battery

12 v

9. Fly Wheel


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Thickness – 8 mm

Mass – 0.966 kg

10. P.M.D.C Generator

12 volt permanent magnet generator

6000 rpm produce 12 volt

11. Shaft

Diameter – 20 mm

Length – 600 mm

MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND

ENERGY FLOW

Manufacturing Process of Foot Step Generator

Design and Selection of material

Purchase of raw material

Raw material sent to Factory for machining

it to required dimension

Marking and cutting

Sent to lathe shop for the required hole

diameter of pinion, flywheel, Free wheel

and gear

Marking and drilling of holes at the required

points

Fixing of Free Wheel, Flywheel, Pinion,

Gear to the shaft

Fixing of bearing to bearing housing and

attaching it to the vertical frame

Fixing of shaft to the bearing housing

Rack & Pinion fixed to the Shaft and Frame

Mounting of PMDC Generator to the frame

with 2 sealed ball bearing

PMDC Generator is mounted on a base and

connected to the small gear

Top frame is supported by 4 springs (2 on

each side) with a ½ inch bolt for vertical

support

Finally the whole setup is welded for more

strength and grinding is done for good

surface finish

Paint job is done at the final stage for good

look

7. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

Advantages

Reliable

Economical

Eco-Friendly

Less consumption of Non- renewable

energies.

Applications

Foot step generated power can be used

for agricultural, home applications,

street-1lightening.

Foot step power generation can be used

in emergency power failure situations.

Metros, Rural Applications etc.,

CONCLUSION

The paperon“Experimentation Generation of Power

Using Shock Absorber”is effectively tried and

executed which is the best practical, reasonable

vitality answer for average folks. This can be

utilized for some applications in provincial regions

where control accessibility is less or absolutely

nonattendance. As India is a creating nation where

vitality administration is a major test for colossal

populace. By this exploration work we can drive

both AC and in addition D.C loads as indicated by

the constrain.

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