Carter Hall A N D / O R HI STORI C:

Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR S T A T E

(Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

C I T Y O R TOWN: C O N G R E S S I O N A L D I S T R I C T : .

N A T I O N A L R E G I S T E R O F H I S T O R I C P L A C E S I N V E N T O R Y - N O M I N A T I O N F O R M

(Type a l l entries - complete applicable sections)

C O U N T Y .

C l arlce FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N T R Y D A T E

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13. CLASSIFICATION I I I

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I CATEGORY

(Check One)

Millwood

OWNERSHIP

S T A T E

Vireinia

Seventh; J. Kenneth Robinson CODE

5 1 C O U N T Y :

Clarke

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' P R E ~ E ~ ~ T U S E (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Agricultural Government Park 0 Transportation Comments

C O D E

043

.Commercial Industrial Private Residence 0 Other (Specfly)

0 Educational Mi l i tary Religious

Entertainment Museum Scienti f ic

D is t r i c t Bui lding 10 Public

1 4 . . . . -... 14. OWNER OF PROPERTY

- 1 O W N E R ' S N A M E :

U11L Lb L

Public Acquisition: '

I n Process

Being Considered

Site structure

Object

S T R E E T A N 0 N U M B E R : 12 el

?!I private

Both

Carter Hall S T A T E : C I T Y O R TOWN: COD,

Millwood Virginia 22646 5 1

Occupied a

Unoccupied

Preservation work

i n progress

I I - Ls. LOCATION O F ~ G A L DESCRIPTION I

(COURTHOUSE. R E G I S T R Y O F D E E D S . E T C : --.., ,,

I r

.Yes:

Restr icted

Unrestr icted

Clarke County Court House lo e z S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R : I C l T Y O R TOWN:

Histor ic American ~ u i l d L n g s Survey D AT E O F SU R VE Y : 1920 Federal State County Loca l

D E P O S I T O R Y F O R S U R V E Y R E C O R D S :

Library of Congress S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R :

0 z

CI TY OR TOWN: r < Washing ton 11 o b

i m

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. . . . . . . . . . -- -. .- 7. DESCRIPTION ." . .. . . ~ -.-..--....u. , ..--......-

I (C,insk Oil") - (Chrsk Or,<.) (Clrock 0 ~ 2 0 )

1 13, A i t e r o d ! Fg O r i g i n a l S i t "

U C S C i P l i i C T H E P R E S E N T A N D O M I C I N h L ( i f known) P H Y S I C A L A P P C a R A N C E

Peru Vi rg in i a p l a n t a t i o n houses a r e as complimen~ed by t h e i r s e t t i n g as Car t e r Hall . The impressive po r t i coed mansion is t h e f o c a l po in t of one of t h e most spacious and b e a u t i f u l parks i n t h e Commonwealth. I ts immaculate1 maintained broad r o l l i n g lawn i s informal ly p lanted w i t h handsome specimens of ornamental t r e e s and shrubbery. Behind t h e house i s a fou r - l eve l t e r r a c e folrmal garden l a i d out i n

and mountains. d i r e c t i o n s from t h e house a r e

The c e n t e r s e c t i o n i s a f i v e - b a y h l o c k covered by a low hipped roo f . Flanking it a r e two-story, two-bay wings w i t h pedimented gab le ends. A t

gable ends. A l l f i v e t h e extreme ends of t h e house a r e

The e n t i r e c e n t e r p a r t

1 b u i l d e r . A t one t ime t h e whole house was s tuccoed and t h e c e n t e r p o r t i o n 1 I o n i c p o r t i c o added a f t e r 1814 by George El. Burwell (1799-1873), son of t h e

; covered by a deck-on-hip roof w i t h r ec t angu la r l a n t e r n . The s tucco was 1 removcd and t h e roof a l t e r e d dur ing an ex tens ive remodeling c a r r i e d o u t

under t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h e fash ionable New York a r c h i t e c t , H. T. Lindcberg, i n 1930. Pediments 127. t h e one-s tory wings a l s o were removed during t h e remodeling .

Car te r H a l l ' s s i n g l e - p i l e i n t e r i o r a l s o was ex tens ive ly remodeled i n .

rn rn

- w

i 1930. P r i o r t o , t ha t d a t e t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n had two p r i n c i p a l rooms wi th a i c e n t r a l s t a i r h a l l . The h a l l was ornamented w i t h wainscot ing , and f u l l - j c

I h e i g h t I o n i c p i l a s t e r s suppor t ing a f u l l I o n i c e n t a b l a t u r e . The second floo'r was reached by a handsome s p i r a l s t a i r which, according t o Valley h i s t o r i a n John W . Wayland, was an e a r l y b u t n o t o r i g i n a l f e a t u r e . I n t h e remodeling 1 Lindeberg combined t h e h a l l and e a s t room i n t o one l a r g e space ossupying

--I - I two-thirds of t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n . The o r i g i n a l woodwork wa 0

1 r i c h Georgian-style woodwork f e a t u r i n g panel ing , doorways, I o t h e r d e t a i l s based i n p a r t on t h e woodvork a t S h i r l e y , 1 Virgin ia . Dominating t h e n o r t h e a s t corner of t h e new space i s a remarkable

! f l y i n g s p i r a l s t a i r r e c a l l i n g s h e Nathaniel Russe l l House s t a i r i n Char les t and t h e Montmorenci s t a i r i n t h e Winter thur Museum. The s c r o l l e d s o f f i t s fo l low t h e S h i r l e y s t a i r , however. The woodwork i n t h e two e a s t wings was

1 i a l s o designed by Lindeberg, and i s based on American Georgian pro to types .

I The d in ing room con ta ins t h e only s i g n i f i c a n t amount of o r i g i n a l trim

p i l a s t e r s on pedcs t a l s suppor t ing an c n t a b l a t u r c wi th pulv ina ted f r i e z e and j I i n t h e house. Surrounding t h e generously proport ioned room a r e f l u t e d

m o d i l l i o n co rn ice . The p r o j e c t i n g chimney b r e a s t has p i l a s t e r s framing a 1 p l a i n whi te marble mantel and c r o s s e t e d overmantel. I n t h e overmantel is a

1 s h i p p a i n t i n g s a i d t o have a r r i v e d i n s t e a d of one of a ho r se ordered f o r ' t h a t l o c a t i o n by Nathanie l Burwell. The two e a s t wings c o n t a i n s e r v i c e i

/ a reas . The second f l o o r preserves l i t t l e o r i g i n a l t r im.

i Flanking t h e main house, approximately f i f t y f e e t d i s t a n t , a r e two, two-story pedimented gab le roof dependencies. L?.:cc t h e msin house, t h e

1 dependencies had t h e i r s tucco removed t o expos* .tile l imestone w a l l s . The I e a s t dependency formerly was t h e k i t c h e n bu t i s now used as a gues t house.

L Severa l adclition.loutbu i1d;:-., .. ,..o L?.aryiagL;rt

! Tlhc west dependency i s now a carets2cerrs :house. : c l u s t e r of t h r e e e a r l y wooden outhLliL:.;,,

. .

1 ~ c e i o o j ~ ! ~ ~ , . i O,W , ~ i n i . , , ~ ,,a Aj,projirinrcj 1 j u Pro-CoIun,b ianl L:: 1S1ll Canfury 1:; 18th Century [XI 20th Contury !

. O i > t l ~ Corl!ury 12 l i > i > Cct7tbry , 19t i1 Cootvry --

>&'I<! FI C D A T C I S I i;< A:la!iszible ilnd j<r2uivrij -- I ! a n c a s O F S V G ~ ~ F I C ~ N C E ( C l i o c k "rra ord:~ro z i l A P P ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ I U ) I

Abor isinl;: -. .- . i ~ i . u c ~ t t a n U P o i i ~ i c e I Urbon Planning

0 i r c i ; 5 ; ~ , , ~ C Engilccrine @ n?miir,lon/Phi. O l h e r (spncily)

1 5 Hisfr: ,c - i n d ~ ~ > ~ ~ loroph7 * ~ .

! :.:< A$r ,c" : tu rc 3 1""c";io" c.2 science -. - 1 hrchitccturo L o n d s c s p o ~ c " I ~ , " ~ ~

i I C A r t A r r h . i o c t u r o .- Soc~ai/Humon-

! it., carnmorco a Liter.t,ro .- il0,i." L: Cumrnui;icu,ion.

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i 2 C O ~ S C ~ V O ~ ~ O ~ k u r n c C-, Tronspor ta t lon

S T A T E M E N T O F S i G h i i C A N C E . . i Ca:-tcr ~ ~ ; ; c ~ st2tz>, ULL.~-- - - - - - , ,-qetc7, - - , 2cla 2 . i . ~ -,ul zro-nus, m d h i s t o r i c a l ! ,issoci,it~. - - . f p , .- .~.'. .

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,u.ls . c a a 0 - - . L,. j l n i z ' ~ i a ~ t 2 r i o n . The . . . . ll..:i,rcsS;vC ,i13.i1sioi: \$<;s C;CCcCQ J,TCxd.2C;.L i 7 9 2 =.'d iSSIj fo r ? - a t L . .-- -

i A, ' ~ d . i i C l 3 u n c l l 1

,L;;;(j-:$:&; on a ssfii; ;cr2 tract i,;lCr~:ei frcn., h i s fathe:, carter sGmell. ; I . a 2 . r ~ e a o r 2 L e d . i s 2 m L l y 1 s pl;ir.;ntion, C a r t e r ' s , . . I I Gr3:'c Ln .7mss Ci:y L'x~i:;y, ;:;L ~ l t 2 2 >ccz;,le Licu'icnar:: Ci;si:cl o; tile James; . . . - LiICf n.-... "'. '-,-. - . , d . , j .LL. .L \~~-L; V i r z i n i a p15i;:ei-s LC was iltt::acted t o the!

. - ~: c r L L i C I..-: I S O f ; s ' -~ , - . -~ - ..~..,i.dsz:h ValL2.1, and decided t o r e - e s t j s i i s h i 1 . ; nis '.CL;C Oil h i 5 V^l;.ey . .. . L . - - - - . - -.' ' :-- -L.- .LGi~i . igs. Xis new houss, b u i l t i n what was then : Zrci.cr5.c:i Coun'q, v i e 2 LI: gr~i lcieur w i t h t i le c s l o n i a l houses of TLdewatcr. I . . I : 0 . 1 . i was c : v v c w e C C C C s o c i a i , and r e l i g i o u s 1 , , . - , .

L C of tile surro..--. n a . :1e was i n p i l r tncrsh ip wit-:? h i s neighbor, D,;.~:.~?. \:o;-gcn,, the :<evo lu i Lu,.;-y hero , i n e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e acarby town of I i , _ _ - ~, . - - ..

, . ~ . ~ ~ ~ \ , ~ : ~ , , d c,-Ld opt-.,.'-:- &.,... ,?g LI- .~ d~.;::.;dil-;.:o:,-f ,*n -- H i l l t h e r e . He Lei: " t h a t t h e ' esscc;n of YreLer.' '1

. . I ,,i, Pazis:, should !-,ave a cm,ete:y and gave a l o t near 1

! C -.-- .. - - . ~

r:alL w:lcre zc.2 . ; l s ior lc Old Chapel all& cemi>tcry ;re i:ow loca ted . 3G.c;n;2 :-,is ;ate.* ;.:.< . I-: -. i ,a ,ncial ly c:. .. deple:ed cous in , Edrnund ,>c ;l- .v~.~C<

I , , foi-,ler \T' --,- pll I A&o . -L ,.to: cad Sec;ctazy of S t a t e under Thoc:as I J?fZerson, :o he a pe;:a,;:ent gues: a t Ca r t e r Xall . Randolph died t h e r e i n 1 i l 6 i 3 a:ld va; bu r i cd a t O l c i Cha:>el.

Colonei 3urveL; ;c? es:aces and a cons idr rzLia f o r t u n e t o a l l h i s h e i j s . ' 3 3 0 sons were par'iiculz:iy znxiol;s to ow.1 Car tcz : ia i l , ezd i t Eel; by o t - tq

Gcsrgr 3. aurwei l ( : i739- iS73j9 i n 1314. X i ;Cc'ed tile l a r ~ e p o r t i c o , ;ihicr. b y tradi"oo:l was dnsig;led by D r . W l l i i m Thorntoll, a r c h i t e c t 05 t h e Cai3itol.!

D,i:i:?g t h e War Tzt~acen ti-.- S t a t e s t h e plcintxtlon was r z ided by Northern j t roo?s and :Ile koi;se sacked. I n Lhe f a l l o f 1562 Ganeral "Stonewall" I J..c;Cso;l e s L ..:.- . - '

. . i L , u A ~ s ~ c d h i s headqucr t r r s n t Ca r t e r ;Ia:l. Me dec l ined George i 3 ; n i e l l ' s invi:at;or. t o s t a y i n cae nouse, c m p i n g klstead wi th h i s men on

4-3- - ..,e g:ouiltis. m r i n g i;is s t a y Zcz-.ra1 3acksol p e ~ ~ l c e d h i s surgeon, D r . .,. . . I , \ l l i ix~ X c G ~ i r e , t o pei-folm a catrrac' ; o p e r a t i o n on George Burweli on t h e 1

; por t i co . Ii

Czr te r F:311 rcrn,ilned iil t h e Gun.?cll family u n t i l 1902 xihen it was s o l d / - i t o z jan fiicilards of Sf-. Louis. 111 I,>()$ - --7' ,endbus s o l d t 5 e proper ty t o I - :- ,i. ; i . ~ 3;ir;Fells kept Car te r Hall ' : : u-. L. ti; ; g j ~ wi-Len it was :;cld lo cei L.. .-2 ' .,Y-jn::, who c o r ~ ~ i s s i o n e d 13. T. Lindeber;;

,.., ---.., t o . tile e:itcnsive reaadclir.:, 0 2 :;.: .. . .,.-. ;,.- present owner, Frank E. -. . - ..;:;,llop?.fr, bough: :>,a c s t z t i ;ran - L . ~ X ; L it-. i 9 4 L .

i

I .? *-. b i,ir

~ --.. ~.~ .... . ~ ~ - -. - \ T h i ~ ~ O i i B I t I i l O C R A P H l i A L I I E F E i l C N C C S

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lk?~~tcs t iz : \ r c l~ i t cc tu rc . of IT. T. L:i.ncli!hcrg, W i l l i a n liclburn, T:ic. , N.Y .C. , -- I pages 64-G9. I

Lcvi , Evlyn Dean, "Car ter l i s l l , " S?,ur of V i r g i n i a , Feb. 1969, vol . IV, no. 3 . Iioi~~cs 3116 Gardens g Old V i r g i ~ ~ i a , Tile Garden Club of V i r g i n i a , G a r r e t t & -- -.

Massi f , I n c . , Richmond, 1962. I 1 l iayland, John . , l l i s i o r i c l l o d Borthsrn V i r g i n i a , The NcClure Co., inti., 1 Staunton, 1937. I

-- ~ 7'-~ - -4 I

L A T I T U D E h N D L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S L 4 T I T U O E A N C L O N G I T ' J D E C O O R O I N h T E 5

j [ ) S F ) N I N C R t : C T A N C L E L O C n T , N G ! ;, DEFINING ~ h . . L C I \ T E H POIN I OF A P ~ O ~ E R T I I

I I C O R N E H I ~ X T ~ T ~ D E L o N G t r u o ~

- ~ I ~ P P R O X I M A T E A C H E A G E O F N O M I N A T E D P R O P E R T Y : 90 axes --

[ L l S T A L L S T A T E S AND C O U N T I E S F O R P R O P E R T I E S O V E R L A P P I N G S T A T E O R C O U N T Y B O U N D A R I E S

, S T A T E : C O D E C O U N T Y C O D E

I

I I S T A T L : C O D E ! C P U N T Y :

I I I

S T A T E : C O D E C O U N T Y :

I ( 1 i V i r g i n i a H i s t o r i c Landmarks Conm~ission S t a f f D A T E 4 O R G A N I Z A T I O N

/May. 1973 - 1 Virg in ia H i s t o r i c Landmarks Commission (sTR~~T~ND / Raom 1116 Ninth S t r e e t S t a t e O f f i c e l 3 ~ i l d i n ~ ! C I T Y O i i TOYIN: , - - - # A T E 1 C O D E 1

I-?;--Iv'

I i 1

As the dcsifnirted State L i a i s o n Off icer for the Na- ! I hereby cert i fy that t h i s property is included in the

I

1 89.665). I hereby nominate t h i s property for inclusion Register. i i

in the X.i i ionsl 12egistrr and certify that it h a s been i: ! '

evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures s e t :; iorth by the Nat ional Park S e r v ~ c e . The recommended ' -' 1 D ; , ~ ~ , ~ , , office ~ , c h o o i ~ g y and H i s t o r i s Preevrve l ion

I l e v e l of ~ i ~ o i i i c a n c ~ of this nonlination i s :

1 National a State a Local 0 " I !

1 s i m r ATTEST: , Junius R. Fishburne, Jr . , Di rec to r

, Virg in ia H i s t o r i c Landmarks Comniss i. ;I j ~ i t i ~ II

I! I

I Recper of The A~ationol Roeistcr I!

Form I t - 3 3 J u dPilTZ3 STATES DETAR'i::Z:iY 6;- TI-; INTERiO? ] S T A T E 1 (Juiy 1 9 s ) K A T l i N A L PAR;< 5-:\VICL ; v . ; . r m

S,7;;.$,$i ::zGjsT-:< 3;' :,;L;C(.i; ?LAC;$ ' C O U N ? . V

," i C E ? i it<vEx-ja:y . Ka;;,:;,,.:::: C l a r k e I i

E N T R Y N U M U E R (Co.?tinua:ion Skcct )

i '. .. . :i;s t o r i c American l j u i l d i n g s Survey I n v e n t o r y 1955 F e d e r a l I L i b r a r y

! o f Congress

Washington, D. C . Code: 11

! I I ! I i

G P O 9 2 1 . 7 2 4

. . - - - -.

Farm 10-3COa UNITED STATES DE?ART!.ICNT C F 7 i i E INTERIOR . T I T C

(JVIY 1969) NATIONAL PARK SL:IVICE

; < A T I O N A L 0;: ':ST;-' t.. .\-C ? L A C E S I

INVENTOXY . NC!I'.!:<.2TIO:X FO2M Clarke FOR NPS USE ONLY

perinlcter of tile gnrdcn. The p l a n t a t i o n ' s o r i g i n s 1 s tone g r i s t m i l l i s l oca t ed on t h e sou the rn edge of t h e p rope r ty .

I

(Continuation Sheet)

CCL

E N T R Y NUMBER D A T E

I 1 (Nunlbor ail on,rl..J

I 7.