Early Campaigns

• One of early Civil Rights organisations was the National Association of the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP)

• Oldest and largest civil rights organisation

• Purpose was to campaign for rights of Black Americans

Early Campaigns

• Used legal action in its fight to improve employment, housing, voting and education.

• First leader was W.E.B. Du Bois.

Early Campaigns

• 2nd leader was Booker T Washington - he believed the way to reach equality was if Blacks were to work hard and were educated.

Early Campaigns

• Another movement was the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

• Led by Marcus Garvey

• Garvey encouraged Black Americans to be proud of their race

Early Campaigns

The Civil Rights Movement really took off in the 1950s…

• It started in Southern states and its main aim was to…– get rid of segregation and Jim Crow laws

• A new Black leader emerged in the 1950s – Martin Luther King Junior

• The methods used by civil rights protesters changed between the 1950s and later in the 1960s

Methods in the 1950s until the middle of the 1960s

Dr Martin Luther King speaking in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955

We are tired of being segregated and humiliated, tired of being kicked about. We have no choice but to protest. In our protest there will be no cross burning. No white person will be taken from his house be a hooded Negro mob and brutally murdered. Love must be our ideal. Love your enemies and pray for them.

Methods in the late 1960s

Malcolm X at a protest meeting before his murder in 1965

I don’t go along with any kind of non-violence unless everybody’s going to be non-violent. If they make the Ku Klux Klan non-violent I’ll be non-violent. You get freedom by letting your enemy know that you’ll….fight them, and then you’ll get your freedom.