Early Cold War Impacts on Foreign & Domestic Policy (1945-1963) – Chapters 25 & 26A “bi-polar” struggle for world hegemony develops after WWII between US & USSR that

promotes a climate of fear domestically and dominates American foreign policy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72ISMF_D0&index=40&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7sThe Cold War: Crash Course US History #37

After WWII, alliance with USSR quickly disintegrates and US leaders are determined to “learn lessons of history” and avoid “appeasement” of Stalin. Following Yalta & Potsdam conferences, US distrusts Soviet intentions and decides to play more active international

post-war role to stop (“Contain”) the perceived threat of communist expansion. A political & military competition known as the “Cold War” begins.

What do cartoons illustrate about US & Soviet attitudes at the start of Cold War? What do cartoons illustrate about US & Soviet attitudes at the start of Cold War?

What do cartoons illustrate What do cartoons illustrate about US & Soviet attitudes about US & Soviet attitudes

regarding the US regarding the US “containment” policy? “containment” policy?

US “containment” policy in Europe Takes ShapeUS “containment” policy in Europe Takes Shape

Terms to Know: Terms to Know: Iron Curtain, Satellite Nations,Iron Curtain, Satellite Nations, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin AirliftTruman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift

Race To Build Alliances & Military Arsenal in name of

peace

Examples: NATO, Warsaw Pact, NSC-68

Cold War soon spreads from Europe to other parts of the world and a “1st, 2nd & 3rd World” competition evolves. Both US &

USSR attempt to influence the “3rd World”.

How might the US try to influence “How might the US try to influence “33rdrd World World” nations?” nations?Hint: Money, Military & SpiesHint: Money, Military & Spies

US Containment policy in Asia from 1945 to 1953US Containment policy in Asia from 1945 to 1953

Terms to Know: Terms to Know: Mao Zedong & Jiang Jieshi, 38Mao Zedong & Jiang Jieshi, 38thth Parallel, Parallel, Inchon Landing, Yalu River, Firing of Mac ArthurInchon Landing, Yalu River, Firing of Mac Arthur

1 2 3 4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2IcmLkuhG0&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

What was Eisenhower's “What was Eisenhower's “New LookNew Look” Cold War foreign policy and what were its ” Cold War foreign policy and what were its advantages & disadvantages?advantages & disadvantages?

Brinkmanship, John Foster Dulles, CIA, “Mutually Assured Destruction”, U-2 IncidentBrinkmanship, John Foster Dulles, CIA, “Mutually Assured Destruction”, U-2 Incident

Meanwhile…Domestically, American Cold War Concerns Enhanced by Government Policies Create Climate of Fear & Paranoia

Ex: “Duck & Cover” Drills in schools

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0K_LZDXp0I (watch 0-3:30)

Communist expansion overseas & into space brings fear of communist “menace” to America

resulting in increased spending on defenseEx: National Defense Highway Act, National Defense Education Act

What are positive & negative impacts?

Other Examples of Domestic Fear of Communism:

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Hearings Begin 1947

Ordinary Americans pp.221-222 “No American Is Safe”

                                                         

Another example: Trial & conviction of federal workers Julius & Ethel Rosenberg for sharing atomic secrets with USSR makes “infiltration” of Communists seem real. Couple executed in 1953 based on controversial

evidence

Most famous example of Early Cold War Fear:

“McCarthyism”

PhenomenonBased on Actions of Senator

Joseph McCarthyIllustrates Fear & Paranoia

Definition:Unfairly accusing

people of disloyaltymade possible be a climate of fear

What criticisms of“McCarthyism” areCartoons making?

“We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason if

we dig deep in our history and doctrine and remember that we are not descended from

fearful men, not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate and to defend causes

which were for the moment unpopular. We can deny our heritage and our history, but we

cannot escape responsibility for the result. There is no way for a citizen of the Republic to

abdicate his responsibility.“Edward R. Murrow on national TV March, 1954

TV JournalistEdward R. Murrow

Takes risk for freedom of speech and publicly criticizes

“McCarthyism”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQQaX2h1plo(6 minutes of “Murrow vs. McCarthy” documentary)

Post War American Culture & Society Documents Chapter 26: Triumph of the Middle Class (1945-1963) (pp. 823-837)

Era of Affluence, Conformity & Anxiety The Century: America’s Time Happy Daze (Part 1 & 3) 15 minutes each:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRShq4Bht7E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7CHzsv23rE