EARLY COLONIES

WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE?

HOW SUCKY IS MY LIFE?

Poor

Indentured Servants (enslaved for 7-15 years)

Criminals (50,000 over the century)

1 in 6 colonists survived

Proprietary: Granted by a king or queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights.

Royal: Governor appointed by the King and allowed to rule how the governor saw fit.

Corporate: Political power rested in the members of the company, who met in what was known as the General Court

Charter – Document that allows you to exist.

Joint-Stock Company

Company funded and run by a group of investors who share the company’s profits and losses.

Jamestown the Basics - Virginia• 1607 Problems: Gold #1 priority, lack

of skills, disease caused by location, relationship with Natives.

Leads to…

Starving Time: Only 38 of original 144 survive.

Saved by John Smith and Tobacco

“Work or starve.” John Smith

John Rolfe and Pocahontas

Rolfe Introduces tobacco

DID POCAHONTAS REALLY SAVE JOHN SMITH? MYTH OR REALITY…

Two Settlements

Massachusetts Bay Colony(Puritans)

Plymouth Colony (Separatists)

•41 Male passengers on the Mayflower formed into a

““civil body politiccivil body politic””, signed a compact promising to write

and obey ""just and equal just and equal lawslaws ... for the general good

of the colony."

•The compact brought an element of democracy to

America and was an example of the practice of self-self-

governmentgovernment in the colonies.

•All the colonies practiced some form of self-self-

governmentgovernment…………

• Pilgrims• Separatists (separating from the Church of

England; the bible is the authority)

• Mayflower Compact (two groups of people on the ship not just Pilgrims)

Plymouth Colony

Squanto William Bradford

Massachusetts Bay Colony“We must be knit together in this work, as oneman. We must entertain each other inbrotherly affection….We must delight in eachother; make others’ conditions our own; rejoice together, journey together, labor and suffer together…. For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”

John Winthrop

Massachusetts Bay Colony cont…

• Puritans (purify the Church of England)• Great Migration (from 1630 to 1643 went

from 1,000 to 20,000). Very successful• 1700 in Mass 93,00 living pretty comfortably • Dark Moment: Salem Witch Trials (20 men and women were executed in1692) – National GeographicExperience

Puritan Dissenters: Banished from Puritan society: Rhode Island

Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

Wars with Indian and Colonists• Pequot War (Movie)

– Puritans (and Narragansetts) vs Pequots– Puritan attacked Pequot fort and set it on fire, shot

anyone who tried to leave

• King Philip’s War (Metacom)– Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmucks– Metacom (son of Massasoit) as chief– Attack outlying Puritan towns guerilla style– 1000 colonists kill, 3000 Indians, including Metacom.

Head displayed for 25 years.

“The English who came first to this country were but a handfulof people, forlorn, poor and distressed. My father was thensachem, he relieved their distresses in the most kind and Hospitable manner. He gave them land to plant and buildupon….They flourished and increased. By various means theygot possession of a great part of this territory. But he stillremained their friend till he died. My elderbrother became a sachem. He was seized and confined and thereby thrown intoillness and died. Soon after I became sachem they disarmed all my people…their land was taken. But (only) a small part of the dominion (territory) of my ancestors remains. I am determined not to live (that is, not to simply keep on living) until I have no country.” Metacom, 1675

New England Colonies

• Massachusetts

• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New

Hampshire

Colonial Life--North

• COMMERCE: TRIANGLE TRADE• SHIPPING AND SHIPBUILDING• LAND• FARMING

• Mercantilism– Purpose of the colonies to benefit the

power and wealth of Great Britain—Greater wealth means greater power.

– Diagram

Colonial Economies

Slave Trade/Triangular Trade

Middle Colonies

• New York• Pennsylvania• New Jersey• Delaware

Southern Colonies

• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

Colonial Life--South• FARMING• LARGE FARMS--NO TOWNS• CHEAP LABOR WITH INDENTURED SERVANTS

Bacon’s RebellionNathaniel Bacon vs William Berkeley• Economic hardship• Settlers accidently attacked a group of friendly

Indians• Marched on Jamestown to demand gov’t

protect them• After months of chaos—burned Jamestown—

100 killed• Results

– DID NOT SUCCEED--WEALTHY IN CONTROL– INDENTURED SERVANTS DANGEROUS--USE SLAVES

Ever though the 4th church was burned during Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 the tower remained undamaged and intact. It has been preserved as part of this national park.