Early European ColoniesEarly European Colonies

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

What purpose did the colonies serve?What purpose did the colonies serve? What were the similarities & differences What were the similarities & differences

between French & British colonies in North between French & British colonies in North America?America?

What impact did colonization have on the first What impact did colonization have on the first Nations?Nations?

What characterized the colony of New France?What characterized the colony of New France?

France & Britain Establish ColoniesFrance & Britain Establish Colonies

European countries created colonies in North America European countries created colonies in North America to establish control of the regionto establish control of the region

Colonies were used as a methods to increase wealth of Colonies were used as a methods to increase wealth of the European nationthe European nation

Special privileges were given to companies in order to Special privileges were given to companies in order to ensure successful colonization. One important ensure successful colonization. One important privilege included having complete control of the privilege included having complete control of the colonies operations, growth & business ( a monopoly)colonies operations, growth & business ( a monopoly)

The rulers (the Crown) of the Mother Country The rulers (the Crown) of the Mother Country (France & Britain) and a trade company agreed to (France & Britain) and a trade company agreed to certain rights and rules (charter)certain rights and rules (charter)

Companies receiving a charter monopoly agreed to Companies receiving a charter monopoly agreed to establish and maintain permanent coloniesestablish and maintain permanent colonies

Similarities & Differences Similarities & Differences Between French & British Between French & British

ColoniesColonies

French ColoniesFrench Colonies

French colonies were French and CatholicFrench colonies were French and Catholic New France was slow to grow (only 60 000 people New France was slow to grow (only 60 000 people

by 1760) and needed constant support from by 1760) and needed constant support from FranceFrance

France eventually took over the government of France eventually took over the government of New France colony and took steps to increase its New France colony and took steps to increase its population and promote self sufficiencypopulation and promote self sufficiency

Fur trade was Frances primary economic activityFur trade was Frances primary economic activity In New France alliances were made with certain In New France alliances were made with certain

first nations to succeed in the fur tradefirst nations to succeed in the fur trade

English ColoniesEnglish Colonies British colonies in North America British colonies in North America were made up of a number of European cultureswere made up of a number of European cultures The British colonies in North America grew faster The British colonies in North America grew faster

(250000 people by 1760) and were self sufficient(250000 people by 1760) and were self sufficient British colonists did not initially form partnerships with British colonists did not initially form partnerships with

first nations peoplefirst nations people Each English colony (the Thirteen Colonies) had its own Each English colony (the Thirteen Colonies) had its own

level of government which was directly controlled by level of government which was directly controlled by BritainBritain

The British colonies in North America were successfully The British colonies in North America were successfully economicallyeconomically

Hudson's Bay Company controlled the fur trade in Hudson's Bay Company controlled the fur trade in Rupert’s landRupert’s land

This area was not settled and First Nations people This area was not settled and First Nations people traveled to British Fortstraveled to British Forts

Impacts of Colonization on the First Impacts of Colonization on the First PeoplesPeoples

First Peoples alliances with the French made them First Peoples alliances with the French made them enemies of the English and their alliesenemies of the English and their allies

First Nations alliances with the English made First Nations alliances with the English made them enemies of the French and their alliesthem enemies of the French and their allies

The fur trade forced the once peaceful First The fur trade forced the once peaceful First nations to exploit each others traditional territory nations to exploit each others traditional territory & compete economically& compete economically

Smallpox, measles, tuberculosis wiped out as Smallpox, measles, tuberculosis wiped out as much as half of the first nations populationsmuch as half of the first nations populations

Meet New FranceMeet New France

France & New France were class based France & New France were class based societiessocieties

Nobility & the wealthy were considered the Nobility & the wealthy were considered the most important members of societymost important members of society

Catholic Church played a very important role Catholic Church played a very important role in French societyin French society

Compte de Frontenac was Governor of New Compte de Frontenac was Governor of New France in 1672France in 1672

New France Rupert’s Land Thirteen New France Rupert’s Land Thirteen ColoniesColonies

Political Structure of New FrancePolitical Structure of New France

GovernorGovernor- was responsible for military & - was responsible for military & protection of the colony, trade alliances with the protection of the colony, trade alliances with the First nationsFirst nations

IntendantIntendant- Chief administrator. Planned the - Chief administrator. Planned the colony’s self reliancecolony’s self reliance

BishopBishop- religious leader. Responsible for church, - religious leader. Responsible for church, education, health care, orphanseducation, health care, orphans

SoldiersSoldiers- protection of New France. Were given - protection of New France. Were given land grants seigneuries as a payment for serviceland grants seigneuries as a payment for service

British & French Government British & French Government SystemsSystems

The Church in New FranceThe Church in New France

Church was responsible for many servicesChurch was responsible for many services Spiritual training, conversion of the First Spiritual training, conversion of the First

nations to Catholicism, establishment of nations to Catholicism, establishment of schools, hospitals & orphanagesschools, hospitals & orphanages

The Jesuits, a Catholic religious order, were The Jesuits, a Catholic religious order, were the primary religious leaders in New Francethe primary religious leaders in New France

The Grey Nuns, another Catholic religious The Grey Nuns, another Catholic religious order, provided nursing health care in the order, provided nursing health care in the hospitalshospitals

TermsTerms EpidemicEpidemic: a disease affecting many persons at the same time, where the : a disease affecting many persons at the same time, where the

disease is not permanently prevalent. Half the original native population disease is not permanently prevalent. Half the original native population dieddied

MissionariesMissionaries: a person sent by a church into an area to persuade or convert : a person sent by a church into an area to persuade or convert others and carry on other activities, such as educational or hospital work. others and carry on other activities, such as educational or hospital work. Asked natives to abandon traditional way of lifeAsked natives to abandon traditional way of life

ImperialismImperialism: the rule of a larger stronger nation (France or England) over : the rule of a larger stronger nation (France or England) over other foreign countries, includes the acquiring and holding land as other foreign countries, includes the acquiring and holding land as colonies. This restricted access to land, & created rivalries among First colonies. This restricted access to land, & created rivalries among First NationsNations

MercantilismMercantilism: system of economy based on national policies of : system of economy based on national policies of accumulating gold & wealthaccumulating gold & wealth

MonopolyMonopoly: A company or group having exclusive control over a : A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity. commercial activity.

Courier de boisCourier de bois: Runners of the Woods, natives, adventures or Metis who : Runners of the Woods, natives, adventures or Metis who went inland to gather furswent inland to gather furs

SeigneurySeigneury