Early Early ExplorationExploration

of North of North America America The New The New

WorldWorld1400 - 16201400 - 1620

I am very Brave. I will go explore something!

Reasons for Exploration 1:Reasons for Exploration 1:

Curiosity and Adventure!

Hmmm, What’s this???

Looks like fun!

Reasons for Exploration 2:Reasons for Exploration 2:

• Money and PowerMoney and Power

Reasons for Exploration 3:Reasons for Exploration 3:

• FameFameI’m very famous…I’m Elvis!! Thank you very much!

I’m more famous

than Him!!

Reasons for Exploration 4:Reasons for Exploration 4:

• National PrideNational PrideOur country

is # 1 !

Let’s get some land

for our country!

Reasons for Exploration 5:Reasons for Exploration 5:

• Religion,Religion,Spreading ChristianitySpreading Christianity

Reasons for Exploration 6:Reasons for Exploration 6:

• Buying Buying

and Sellingand Selling

Foreign Foreign

goods.goods.

(Foreign means(Foreign means

from another country.)from another country.)

Reasons for Exploration 7:Reasons for Exploration 7:

• New, shorter trade routesNew, shorter trade routes

Review: Reasons for Review: Reasons for ExplorationExploration ……

• CuriosityCuriosity………….. ………….. AdventureAdventure

• WealthWealth……………..……………..Money and PowerMoney and Power

• FameFame………………. ………………. I am famousI am famous

• National PrideNational Pride…. …. This is for my countryThis is for my country

• ReligionReligion…………………………Become ChristiansBecome Christians• Buying and selling foreignBuying and selling foreign goodsgoods…how much does …how much does

this cost?this cost?

• Faster cheaper trade routes…Faster cheaper trade routes…gogo this way this way insteadinstead

Look out! Here we come!Look out! Here we come!

• PortugalPortugal• SpainSpain• FranceFrance• EnglandEngland

Obstacles Faced by Obstacles Faced by ExplorersExplorers

• The fear of the unknownThe fear of the unknown

• The Sea of Darkness/terrifying The Sea of Darkness/terrifying monstersmonsters

• Poor maps and navigational toolsPoor maps and navigational tools

• Lack of adequate suppliesLack of adequate supplies

• Disease, Starvation, Hard WorkDisease, Starvation, Hard Work

• Bad weatherBad weather

Fear of the UnknownFear of the Unknown ????

Sea of Darkness..Monsters???Sea of Darkness..Monsters???

Poor Maps and Navigational Poor Maps and Navigational ToolsTools

How do you

drive this

boat?

I don’t know ,

but these tools stink!

Not Enough Supplies, (or poor Not Enough Supplies, (or poor supplies) …………………………like food supplies) …………………………like food and water.and water.

Disease, Starvation, Work was too Disease, Starvation, Work was too Hard!Hard!

Bad Weather!Bad Weather!

Obstacles Faced by Obstacles Faced by ExplorersExplorers

• The fear of the u__________.The fear of the u__________.

• The Sea of The Sea of Darkness/m______________.Darkness/m______________.

• Poor m_____ and n_____________ tools.Poor m_____ and n_____________ tools.

• Lack of adequate s_________.Lack of adequate s_________.

• Disease, s_______________, Hard Work.Disease, s_______________, Hard Work.

• Bad w__________.Bad w__________.

1st century AD Chinese invent the first compass.

120 AD Ptolemy creates the first flat map of the world.

982 Eric the Red discovers Greenland.

1002 Leif Ericson discovers North America.

1271- 1295 Marco Polo goes to China.

1450 Prince Henry the Navigator builds school for sailors.

1453 Turkish Empire cuts off the land route for spices from Asia to Europe.  Search for sea route begins.

1487 Bartholomeu Dias discovers the southern tip of Africa.

1492 Columbus sails to the New World.

1497 John Cabot discovers Newfoundland while he searches for the Northwest Passage.

1502Amerigo Vespucci returns from his explorations of the New World.  American continents named after him by German mapmaker.

1513Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovers the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean.  Juan Ponce de Leon searches for the Fountain of Youth in Florida.

1519 - 1522 Ferdinand Magellan and his crew sail around the world.

1521 Hernando Cortez defeats the Aztec Empire.

1533 Francisco Pizarro defeats the Inca Empire.

1534 Jacques Cartier discovers the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

1539 - 1542 Hernando De Soto explores the southeastern United States.

1540Francisco asquez de Coronado explores the southwestern United States and discovers the Grand Canyon.

1577 Sir Francis Drake becomes the first Englishman to sail around the world.

1673 Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explore the Mississippi River.

1682 Rene-Robert de La Salle explores the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.

Portuguese Hoist Those Portuguese Hoist Those Sails!Sails!

• Looking for new Looking for new trade routes to Asiatrade routes to Asia

• Wanting economic gain Wanting economic gain (money/power)(money/power)

• Seeking Seeking adventureadventure

• Showing Showing national pridenational pride

• Proclaiming the glory of God Proclaiming the glory of God ((religionreligion))

Where in the World is Portugal?Where in the World is Portugal?

• Borders Spain to the eastBorders Spain to the east

• Borders Atlantic Ocean to the westBorders Atlantic Ocean to the west

• Western edge of EuropeWestern edge of Europe

Who are the Portuguese Who are the Portuguese People?People?

• Live in small villagesLive in small villages• Worship in the Catholic Worship in the Catholic

ChurchChurch• Work as fishermen and Work as fishermen and

sailorssailors

Want to be Rich and Want to be Rich and Powerful!Powerful!

• Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator

• Wanted to be first country toWanted to be first country to

find a sea route to Asiafind a sea route to Asia

• Opened a school for sea captains to Opened a school for sea captains to overcome fears of the unknownovercome fears of the unknown

Students at Prince Henry’s Students at Prince Henry’s Navigational School:Navigational School:

• Map makersMap makers: made drawings of areas with : made drawings of areas with land formations and bodies of water land formations and bodies of water

• Sea captainsSea captains: learned to read a map and : learned to read a map and use compass and hourglassuse compass and hourglass

• GeographersGeographers: developed latitude and : developed latitude and longitudelongitude

• AstronomersAstronomers: studied the stars and planets: studied the stars and planets

• ShipbuildersShipbuilders: built fast sailing ships that : built fast sailing ships that used triangular sailsused triangular sails

Designing New ShipsDesigning New ShipsHis goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of His goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to explore the west coast of Africa. the Indies and to explore the west coast of Africa. The ships that sailed the Mediterranean were too The ships that sailed the Mediterranean were too slow and too heavy to make these voyages. Under slow and too heavy to make these voyages. Under his direction, a new and lighter ship was developed, his direction, a new and lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which would allow sea captains to sail the caravel, which would allow sea captains to sail further and faster.further and faster.

In the 15th century, Prince In the 15th century, Prince Henry the Navigator ordered Henry the Navigator ordered his explorers to bring back to his explorers to bring back to Portugal any exotic fruits, nuts, Portugal any exotic fruits, nuts, and plants from new lands. As and plants from new lands. As a result, the Age of Discovery a result, the Age of Discovery dramatically affected cooking dramatically affected cooking in Portugal and around the in Portugal and around the world. Tomatoes and potatoes world. Tomatoes and potatoes were taken to Europe, Brazilian were taken to Europe, Brazilian pineapples were introduced to pineapples were introduced to the Azores, Brazilian chili the Azores, Brazilian chili peppers grew in Angola, peppers grew in Angola, African coffee was African coffee was transplanted to Brazil (today transplanted to Brazil (today producing about half of the producing about half of the world's supply), Brazilian world's supply), Brazilian cashews landed in Africa and cashews landed in Africa and India, and tea was introduced India, and tea was introduced to Europeans.to Europeans.

Where in the World is West Where in the World is West Africa?Africa?

• Western region of Western region of AfricaAfrica

• Near Niger RiverNear Niger River

• South of Sahara DesertSouth of Sahara Desert

• Just above the equatorJust above the equator

Exploring West AfricaExploring West Africa• Journal entries about Journal entries about

strange animals and strange animals and unusual tribes, beautiful unusual tribes, beautiful birdsbirds

• Written description of Written description of native villagesnative villages

• Made excellent mapsMade excellent maps• Put up stone markers to Put up stone markers to

claim lands for Portugalclaim lands for Portugal• Converted native Converted native

people to Christianity. people to Christianity. • Traded cheap cloth and Traded cheap cloth and

iron items for gold, iron items for gold, ivory and fursivory and furs

Gold Trading Empires of West Gold Trading Empires of West AfricaAfrica • 700-1100 Kingdom 700-1100 Kingdom

of Ghanaof Ghana• 800-1500 Kingdom 800-1500 Kingdom

of Maliof Mali• 1300-1600 1300-1600

Kingdom of Kingdom of SonghaiSonghai

Economics at WorkEconomics at Work

• TradeTrade: exchange : exchange goods and services goods and services that people may that people may need or wantneed or want

• Trade CenterTrade Center: a : a place where goods place where goods and services are and services are exchanged for exchanged for other goods and other goods and servicesservices

• Wealthy Trading Wealthy Trading EmpireEmpire: a country : a country made rich by made rich by trading goods and trading goods and servicesservices

West African’s Natural West African’s Natural ResourcesResources

• Salt used for Salt used for health and health and preserving foodpreserving food

• Gold used for Gold used for money and buy money and buy other goods and other goods and servicesservices

Gold mined in Gold mined in the mountainsthe mountains

•Salt mined in the desertSalt mined in the desert

Keep the goods and services Keep the goods and services coming!coming!

• Manufactured goods: metal cloth Manufactured goods: metal cloth came from Portugalcame from Portugal

• West African slave traders traded West African slave traders traded captured people for goods and captured people for goods and moneymoney

metametall

Can You Remember? True or Can You Remember? True or FalseFalse

• The school founded by Prince Henry The school founded by Prince Henry helped the Portuguese gain the helped the Portuguese gain the knowledge they needed to reach Asia knowledge they needed to reach Asia by sea.by sea.

• Portuguese explorers had no interest in Portuguese explorers had no interest in converting native people to Christianity.converting native people to Christianity.

• On the west coast of Africa, Portuguese On the west coast of Africa, Portuguese explorers discovered the delta of the explorers discovered the delta of the Nile RiverNile River

Can You Remember? True or Can You Remember? True or FalseFalse

• West Africans traded gold, salt and West Africans traded gold, salt and slaves for cloth and metals used in slaves for cloth and metals used in building objects.building objects.

• Portugal is a small country in Europe.Portugal is a small country in Europe.

• The Age of Exploration began in The Age of Exploration began in Portugal.Portugal.

• The Spanish were the first people to The Spanish were the first people to explore the coast of West Africa.explore the coast of West Africa.

Knock! Knock! Who’s There?Knock! Knock! Who’s There?• Spain – the first European country to Spain – the first European country to

explore North Americaexplore North America• 1492 - Columbus crossed Atlantic 1492 - Columbus crossed Atlantic

Ocean to Caribbean Sea Ocean to Caribbean Sea • 1513 – 1543 Explored North America1513 – 1543 Explored North America

(Show United streaming video here.)(Show United streaming video here.)

Reasons for ExplorationReasons for Exploration

• Searching for goldSearching for gold• Seeking new lands to Seeking new lands to

conquer for the King of Spainconquer for the King of Spain• Invading villages to capture Invading villages to capture

people and use them as people and use them as slavesslaves

• Converting people to the Converting people to the Christian faith of the Catholic Christian faith of the Catholic ChurchChurch

• Striving for national prideStriving for national pride

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers

Where Oh Where Are The Where Oh Where Are The Spaniards?Spaniards?• Wading through dangerous swamps of FloridaWading through dangerous swamps of Florida

• Marching across burning deserts of Arizona Marching across burning deserts of Arizona

• Sailing up rocky coast of CaliforniaSailing up rocky coast of California

• Marching across the plains of MexicoMarching across the plains of Mexico

• Climbing the mountains of PeruClimbing the mountains of Peru

Warning! Warning! Warning! Warning! Warning!Warning!

• Conquistadors Conquistadors – – well-trained well-trained soldiers for the soldiers for the King of SpainKing of Spain

• Fears among the Fears among the Native AmericansNative Americans

• Afraid of horsesAfraid of horses• Wore Wore metal armormetal armor

to protect to protect themselvesthemselves

• Used Used guns, guns, crossbows, lances, crossbows, lances, swords, and dogsswords, and dogs during attacksduring attacks

CoronadoCoronado

                                                                                                                                                                                            

Francisco de Coronado

Claimed land that now comprises Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and Texas for Spain

Franciso Vasquez de Franciso Vasquez de CoronadoCoronado

• Seeking the Seven Seeking the Seven Cities of Cibola: the Cities of Cibola: the cities of goldcities of gold

• Started expedition in Started expedition in MexicoMexico

• Headed north across Headed north across burning deserts of burning deserts of Arizona and New Arizona and New MexicoMexico

• Marched across the Marched across the Great Plains of KansasGreat Plains of Kansas

• Never found the Seven Never found the Seven Cities of GoldCities of Gold

Results of ExplorationResults of Exploration

Can You Remember? True or Can You Remember? True or FalseFalse

• A conquistador was a type of Spanish A conquistador was a type of Spanish sailing ship.sailing ship.

• Some of Coronado’s explorers were the Some of Coronado’s explorers were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon.

• The Spanish explorers treated the Native The Spanish explorers treated the Native Americans fairly.Americans fairly.

• There were no horses in North America There were no horses in North America until the Spanish brought them across the until the Spanish brought them across the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Ocean.

• The Spanish explored North America The Spanish explored North America looking for gold.looking for gold.

Better Late Than Never!Better Late Than Never!• 1524 France began exploration in 1524 France began exploration in

North AmericaNorth America

• Spain and Portugal had already started Spain and Portugal had already started becoming very rich by buying and becoming very rich by buying and selling goods from their new colonies selling goods from their new colonies and trading centersand trading centers

• Spain, Portugal and France searching Spain, Portugal and France searching for a faster cheaper trade route to Asiafor a faster cheaper trade route to Asia

Samuel de Samuel de ChamplainChamplain• In 1603 Explorations in CanadaIn 1603 Explorations in Canada

• Claimed Canada for the King of Claimed Canada for the King of FranceFrance

• Renamed as New FranceRenamed as New France• Founded the city of QuebecFounded the city of Quebec• Quebec became a major trading Quebec became a major trading

centercenter• Made friends with Native Made friends with Native

AmericansAmericans• Traded furs from Native Americans Traded furs from Native Americans

to make coats and hats in Franceto make coats and hats in France

ChamplainChamplain

La Salle’s MissionLa Salle’s Mission

• 1668-1682 Searching for the 1668-1682 Searching for the Northwest Passage Northwest Passage

• Northwest Passage would take ships Northwest Passage would take ships across the Atlantic Ocean to the across the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and on to China and Pacific Ocean and on to China and IndiaIndia

LaSalleLaSalle

La Salle’s La Salle’s JourneyJourney• Landed in CanadaLanded in Canada• Set up fur trading Set up fur trading

centers in Montreal, centers in Montreal, CanadaCanada

• Sailed down the Ohio Sailed down the Ohio RiverRiver

• Discovered the Great Discovered the Great LakesLakes

• Sailed down the Sailed down the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

• Ended at the Gulf of Ended at the Gulf of MexicoMexico

National Pride and LandNational Pride and Land• Claimed land on each side of the Claimed land on each side of the

Mississippi River for the King of FranceMississippi River for the King of France

• Named the land: Louisiana in honor of Named the land: Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV.King Louis XIV.

Lost in North AmericaLost in North America

• Return trip to Montreal, CanadaReturn trip to Montreal, Canada

• Sailed up the Mississippi RiverSailed up the Mississippi River

• Made a wrong turnMade a wrong turn

• Ended up in TexasEnded up in Texas

• Hardships of disease and sickness Hardships of disease and sickness

• Soldiers had a revoltSoldiers had a revolt

• Killed La SalleKilled La Salle

• Returned to Canada Returned to Canada

Can You Remember? True Can You Remember? True or False?or False?• The Northwest Passage was a route that the The Northwest Passage was a route that the

French explorers took from the Atlantic French explorers took from the Atlantic Ocean to Asia.Ocean to Asia.

• France was the first European nation to France was the first European nation to establish a long-lasting colony in North establish a long-lasting colony in North America.America.

• European explorers first began searching for European explorers first began searching for a sea route from Europe to Asia in 1400s.a sea route from Europe to Asia in 1400s.

• The city of Quebec got its name from de The city of Quebec got its name from de Champlain.Champlain.

Wait for Wait for Us!Us!• King Henry VII, of King Henry VII, of

England, funded the first England, funded the first English exploration to the English exploration to the New World.New World.

• Hired John Cabot because he Hired John Cabot because he was a good seaman and was a good seaman and greatly skilled navigatorgreatly skilled navigator

• John CabotJohn Cabot, a native Italian, , a native Italian, sailed for Englandsailed for England..

• Sailed May 1497 for the New Sailed May 1497 for the New World (North America)World (North America)

• Landed on northern portion of Landed on northern portion of North America, Newfoundland North America, Newfoundland or Nova Scotiaor Nova Scotia

• His claim His claim gave the English gave the English the right to establish colonies the right to establish colonies in North America.in North America.

                                                                                                                                                                       Routes of John Cabot's Journeys

Can You Remember? True Can You Remember? True or False?or False?• Queen Elizabeth funded the Queen Elizabeth funded the

exploration to North America.exploration to North America.• John Cabot was born in England.John Cabot was born in England.• Cabot explored the northern portion of Cabot explored the northern portion of

North America near Newfoundland.North America near Newfoundland.• Cabot had the right to seize any land Cabot had the right to seize any land

inhabited by natives who were not inhabited by natives who were not Christians and had a different skin Christians and had a different skin color.color.