EARLY NATIVE AMERICANS
Chapter 1 Section 3
HOHOKAM
• Lived in the desert of present-day Arizona
• From 300 A.D. to 1300 A.D.
• Built irrigation channels to bring water from Gila and Salt Rivers
• Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells
ANASAZI
• Lived in area known as the Four Corners• Where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New
Mexico meet• From 1 A.D. to 1300 A.D.• Built stone and cliff dwellings• Looked like apartment buildings• Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde • Anasazi moved to smaller communities in
1300 A.D. (possibly because of droughts)
• Interior of
Mesa Verde
• Cliff dwellings
MOUND BUILDERS
• Lived in central North America – present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley
• Built mounds of earth that looked like Aztec stone pyramids
ADENA
• Hunters and gatherers
• Among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C.
HOPEWELL
• Farmers and traders
• Built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes
• Left behind pearls, shells, cloth, and copper in their mounds
• Showed their variety of trade
CAHOKIA
• Built the largest settlement in present-day Illinois
• City may have had 16,000 people
• Monks Mound – highest mound – nearly 100 feet high
• Probably the highest structure north of Mexico
Other Native Americans by Region
• North
• West
• Southwest
• Plains
• East
• Southeast
NORTH
• Inuit
• Lived in cold Arctic region
• May have been last to migrate to North America
• Built igloos
• Wore furs and sealskins
• Hunters and fishers
WEST• Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce,
Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone
• Used resources of the forest and sea as they hunted and gathered
• Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food
HAIDA
TLINGIT
SOUTHWEST
• The Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni
• Homes were made of adobe bricks
• Raised maize, beans, and squash
• The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s
• Hunters and gatherers, unlike the others
• Built square homes called hogans
PLAINS• Nomads
• Hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees
• Moved from place to place
• Learned to tame wild horses and used them to hunt and fight
EAST• The Iroquois and the Cherokee
• Formed complex political systems of governing
• The Iroquois formed five groups: Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga
• Fought against each other until the late 1500s when they formed THE IROQUOIS LEAGUE or IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY
SOUTHEAST
• The Creek, the Chickasaw, and the Cherokee
• Farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south
THINK
• Why do you think the different Native American groups developed a wide variety fo cultures?