Early

Pre

side

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and

Soci

al

Refo

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Timeli

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Early

Pre

side

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Timeli

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EARLY PRESIDENTS

IntroductionOn July 4, 1776, the thirteen British colonies declared their independence from Great Britain.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are

created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator

with certain unalienable rights, that among these are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

IntroductionGeorge Washington was the commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1775–1781).

EARLY PRESIDENTS

IntroductionIn 1781, the Revolutionary War ended with the surrender of the British at Yorktown, Virginia.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 1: Washington Becomes President George Washington was sworn in as president on April 30, 1789.

Big Question: Why was George Washington chosen to be the first president of the United States?

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 2: The First Year

Big Question: What steps did the First Congress take to help establish a more organized system of government?

Although it is not in the Constitution, every president has had a Cabinet to advise him. This was George Washington’s Cabinet, which met for the first time in 1793.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 2: The First Year

Big Question: What steps did the First Congress take to help establish a more organized system of government?

In 1791, the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 3: Hamilton and Jefferson

Big Question: How did Hamilton’s and Jefferson’s beliefs about government differ?

During the 1790s, differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to the development of two political parties. Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists and Jefferson’s supporters were called Democratic-Republicans.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 3: Hamilton and Jefferson

Big Question: How did Hamilton’s and Jefferson’s beliefs about government differ?

In 1794, when farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay taxes on whiskey, President George Washington led troops to put down the Whiskey Rebellion.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 4: The First Adams

Big Question: Why was John Adams an unpopular president?

George Washington finished his second term as president in 1796.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 4: The First Adams

Big Question: Why was John Adams an unpopular president?

The election of 1796 was the first election in which political parties played a role. John Adams won and became the second president.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 5: A New Capital for the New Nation

Big Question: How did Washington, D.C., become the capital of the United States?

By 1800, the Capitol and the White House were ready for Congress and the president.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 6: The Many-Sided Jefferson

Big Question: What important changes did Thomas Jefferson make to the country during his presidency?

Thomas Jefferson served as the third president, from 1801–1809.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 7: “Mr. Madison’s War”

Big Question: Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812?

James Madison was the fourth president, from 1809–1817.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 7: “Mr. Madison’s War”

Big Question: Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812?

Madison was president during the War of 1812, during which the British burned the White House.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 8: Monroe and the Second Adams

Big Question: Why did James Monroe put the Monroe Doctrine in place?

James Monroe was the fifth president, from 1817–1825. He told European countries not to interfere with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 8: Monroe and the Second Adams

Big Question: Why did James Monroe put the Monroe Doctrine in place?

John Quincy Adams, the son of John and Abigail Adams, became the sixth president, from 1825–1829.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 9: Jackson and the Common Man

Big Question: Why was the election of Andrew Jackson important to ordinary Americans?

Andrew Jackson served as the seventh president, from 1829–1837.

EARLY PRESIDENTS

CHAPTER 9: Jackson and the Common Man

Big Question: Why was the election of Andrew Jackson important to ordinary Americans?

In 1830, with the passage of the Indian Removal Act, President Jackson and Congress forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi.

Am

eric

an

Refo

rmer

s

Timeli

ne Ca

rds

AMERICAN REFORMERS

IntroductionThe Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, declared the colonies’ separation from Britain and their establishment as “free and independent states.”

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 1: Springtime of Reform Temperance reformers wanted people to drink little or no alcohol.

Big Question: What was the temperance movement?

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 2: Treating Mental IllnessesDorothea Dix worked to improve care for people who had mental illnesses.

Big Question: How did Dorothea Dix change the treatment of people with mental illnesses?

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 3: Educating for DemocracyFrom 1837–1848, Horace Mann led the campaign for free public schools for all children.

Big Question: Why did Horace Mann want to give all children the right to an education?

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 4: Abolitionism Despite the speeches and writings of formerly enslaved people, such as Frederick Douglass, abolitionists struggled to win support for their goal.

Big Question: What difficulties did the abolitionists face as they worked to abolish slavery?

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 5: Women and the Fight for EqualityAbolitionists Angelina and Sarah Grimké were often criticized when they spoke out against slavery because they were women.

Big Question: What did the antislavery movement reveal about the rights of women?

AMERICAN REFORMERS

CHAPTER 6: The Seneca Falls Convention In 1848, a women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York.

Big Question: Why might some newspapers have made fun of the women’s movement and its demands?

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engra

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Chap

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, USA

Chap

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2 Po

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dams

(Brai

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7-Wa

shing

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, Am

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n poli

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, sixth

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of Un

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tates

of Am

erica

, from

18

25 to

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1 Jac

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2 Ch

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ss, He

rbert

(192

9–20

01) /

Natio

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eogra

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reativ

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Bridg

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Imag

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ISBN: 978-1-68380-303-4

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